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In typical elections, Sudan elects on a national level head of state – the president – and a legislature. In the election of 2010, there were two presidential elections, one for the Presidency of the Republic of Sudan and one for the Presidency of the Government of Southern Sudan. Elections for the National Assembly were last held in 2015.

The National Legislature whose members were chosen in mid-2005 had two chambers. The National Assembly (Majlis Watani) had 426 members who represented the government, former rebels, and other opposition political parties. The Council of States (Majlis Welayat) had 32 members who were indirectly elected by state legislatures. All members of the National Legislature served five-year terms.

In the early twenty-first century, Sudan was a dominant-party state with the National Congress Party in power. Opposition parties were allowed, but were widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.

On 11 April 2019, Sudan was taken over by a military junta after the military seized power from the President in a coup. Federal elections were tentatively scheduled for 2023 under the 2019 Sudanese transition to democracy deal. An out of date national census and, in the case of South Sudan, a complete lack of infrastructure for conducting an election, rendered the electoral process moot.

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  • Adam Carr's Election Archive
  • African Elections Database
  • Elections and the Probability of Violence in Sudan
  • Sudan Electionnaire
  • sudanvotes.com
  • Electoral Designs: Representation, Proportionality and Constituency Boundaries in Sudan's 2010 Elections