Elections in Mongolia

thumb|[[General Election Commission of Mongolia]]

Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the two-round system. The State Great Khural (Ulsyn Ikh Khural, State Great Assembly) has 126 members (reform in 2023), originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, a parallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats using Plurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwide closed party lists using the Largest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round. Mongolia also holds local elections in October of the same year, with 8031 seats across 2395 constituencies in all 9 districts, 21 provinces, and 331 sums (county) and Citizen Representative Khural (local governing councils) in Majoritarian system.

Latest elections

2021 presidential election

2024 legislative election

Since 1992

Parliamentary elections

State Great Khural elections () are conducted every four years, usually being held in late June or early July. The unicameral State Great Khural is made up of 126 members of parliament, elected for a four-year term. Parliamentary electoral systems varies due to Mongolia's frequent amendment of election laws. Since the 2023 constitutional amendments that increased parliamentary seats from 76 to 126, Mongolia's current electoral system has been a mixed majoritarian-proportional system, with 78 majoritarian-elected members and 48 proportianally-elected members. Closed party lists must adhere to the zipper system, where 50% of the list are female and 50% male. Prior to 2024, Mongolia had previously held its first parliamentary election using a mixed electoral system in 2012, where 48 MPs were elected via plurality block voting and 28 via proportional allocation.

Mongolia has a multi-party system with two dominant political parties—the Mongolian People's Party and the Democratic Party. Other third parties have been represented in the State Great Khural, with the most notable third party being the MPP-splinter Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 2010 until its dissolution in 2021. Currently, Mongolia's third largest party has been the HUN Party since 2021.

1992 Mongolian parliamentary election
1996 Mongolian parliamentary election
2000 Mongolian parliamentary election
2004 Mongolian parliamentary election
2008 Mongolian parliamentary election
2012 Mongolian parliamentary election
2016 Mongolian parliamentary election
2020 Mongolian parliamentary election
2024 Mongolian parliamentary election

Presidential elections

1993 Mongolian presidential election
1997 Mongolian presidential election
2001 Mongolian presidential election
2005 Mongolian presidential election
2009 Mongolian presidential election
2013 Mongolian presidential election
2017 Mongolian presidential election
2021 Mongolian presidential election<gallery widths="140" heights="80">

File:1993 Mongolian presidential election map.svg|1993

File:1997 Mongolian presidential election.svg|1997

File:2001 Mongolian presidential election map.svg|2001

File:2005 Mongolian presidential election map.svg|2005

File:2009 Mongolian presidential election map.svg|2009

File:2013 Mongolian presidential election map.svg|2013

File:2017 Mongolia Presidential Election First Round (Provincial).svg|2017 (first round)

File:2017 Mongolia Presidential Election Second Round (Provincial).svg|2017 (second round)

File:2021 Mongolia Presidential Election (Provincial).svg|2021

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Before 1992

Mongolian People's Republic

1924 Mongolian parliamentary election
1951 Mongolian parliamentary election
1954 Mongolian parliamentary election
1957 Mongolian parliamentary election
1960 Mongolian parliamentary election
1963 Mongolian parliamentary election
1966 Mongolian parliamentary election
1969 Mongolian parliamentary election
1973 Mongolian parliamentary election
1977 Mongolian parliamentary election
1981 Mongolian parliamentary election
1986 Mongolian parliamentary election
1990 Mongolian parliamentary election

Notes

References

External links

Adam Carr's Election Archive