The eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is a small passerine bird. The genus name Sayornis is constructed from the specific part of Charles Lucien Bonaparte's name for Say's phoebe, Muscicapa saya, and Ancient Greek ornis, "bird". Phoebe is an alternative name for the Roman moon-goddess Diana, but it may also have been chosen to imitate the bird's call.

Description

Measurements:

  • Length: 5.5–6.7 in (14–17 cm)
  • Weight: 0.6–0.7 oz (16–21 g)
  • Wingspan: 10.2–11.0 in (26–28 cm)

This species appears remarkably big-headed, especially if it puffs up the small crest. Its plumage is gray-brown above. It has a white throat, dirty gray breast and buffish underparts which become whiter during the breeding season. Two indistinct buff bars are present on each wing. Its lack of an eye ring and wingbars, and its all dark bill distinguish it from other North American tyrant flycatchers, and it pumps its tail up and down like other phoebes when perching on a branch. The eastern phoebe's call is a sharp chip, and the song, from which it may get its name, is fee-bee.

The eastern wood pewee (Contopus virens) is extremely similar in appearance. It lacks the buff hue usually present on the lighter parts of the eastern phoebe's plumage, and thus has always clearly defined and contrasting wing-bars. It also does not bob its tail habitually, and appears on the breeding grounds much later though it leaves for winter quarters at about the same time as the eastern phoebe.

Breeding

The eastern phoebe breeds in eastern North America excluding the southeastern coastal United States. The breeding habitat is open woodland, farmland and suburbs, often near water. This phoebe is insectivorous, and often perches conspicuously when seeking food items. It also eats fruits and berries in cooler weather.

Diet

Insects make up a great majority of its summer diet; included are many small wasps, bees, beetles, flies, true bugs, and grasshoppers. It also eats some spiders, ticks, and millipedes. Small fruits and berries are eaten often during the cooler months.

Migration

It is migratory, wintering in the southernmost United States and Central America. It is a very rare vagrant to western Europe. This is one of the first birds to return to the breeding grounds in spring and one of the last to leave in the fall. They arrive for breeding in mid-late March, but they return to winter quarters around the same time when other migrant songbirds do, in September and early October; migration times have stayed the same in the last 100 years. as well as range expansions of many other species of birds.

In literature

Phoebes appear in the poem "The Need of Being Versed in Country Things", published in 1923 by Robert Frost. The poem describes phoebes nesting inside a barn on a farm abandoned after the farmhouse burned to the ground. The poem ends "One had to be versed in country things/Not to believe the phoebes wept".

They also appear in the Mary Oliver poem "The Messenger".

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EasternPhoebe_YatesMillPond.png|An Eastern Phoebe at Yates Mill

File:Sayornis phoebe -Madison, Wisconsin, USA-8.jpg|In Wisconsin

File:Sayornis phoebe CT3 crop.jpg|Taken at Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area, Quebec

File:Sayornis phoebe.ogv|At Ripon, Quebec

File:Eastern phoebe-nest.jpg|Moss-lined nest containing five white eggs

File:Eastern Phoebe-nest-Brown-headed-Cowbird-egg.jpg|Nest with one brown-headed cowbird egg

File:PhoebeNest.jpg|Immature birds in a nest, Norman, Oklahoma

File:Phoebe, Eastern-Fledgeling.jpg|Older fledglings in nest

File:Eastern Phoebe1.jpg|Front view

File:Phoebe's Food.jpg|Phoebe eating various invertebrates

File:Phoebe eating a wasp-mimicking syrphid fly.jpg|Phoebe eating a wasp

File:Eastern Phoebe on a branch.jpg|An eastern phoebe sits on a branch high up in a tree

File:20240604 eastern phoebe and fledglings south meadows PD209113.jpg|Adult removing fecal sac of a fledgling

File:20240604 eastern phoeobe fledglings ym.webm.2160p.vp9.webm|Fledglings fed by parents

</gallery>

References

  • Eastern phoebe – Sayornis phoebe – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
  • Eastern phoebe species account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  • Audio of eastern phoebe song (<small>AU</small>-format) - Songs and calls of some New York State birds