Duke of Silesia

The Duke of Silesia was the title of sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death, his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków was reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments led to further splintering of the duchies.

At the beginning of the 14th century, fourteen independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan and Oleśnica in Lower Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329, most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries, all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.

Duchy of Silesia

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The Duchy of Silesia, one of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall (Wrocław/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Głogów). After Konrad's death Głogów was again united with the Duchy of Wrocław/Lower Silesia.

Partitions of Silesia

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In 1173, Bolesław returned and he agreed to let Mieszko and Bolesław rule in their own Duchies, separated from the Duchy of Silesia. This led to the creation of the Duchy of Racibórz for Mieszko I and the Duchy of Opole for Jarosław, beginning the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The territories controlled by Mieszko I and Jarosław roughly corresponded to what is known as Upper Silesia, while the territories remaining with Bolesław I roughly corresponded to Lower Silesia.

Lower Silesia

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Duchy of Lower Silesia was a direct continuation of the Duchy of Silesia, but without the territories roughly corresponding to Upper Silesia; hence, it was composed of the territories roughly corresponding to Lower Silesia. Some sources refer to it as the Duchy of Silesia; some as the Duchy of Lower Silesia; others yet as the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław was the capital of the Duchy of Silesia, yet this early (1172–1248) Duchy of Silesia should not be confused with the smaller Duchy of Wrocław that was created with further fragmentation in 1248.

The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory. In 1248, Lower Silesia was divided when Bolesław II had to cede the Duchy of Wrocław to his younger brother Henry III.

Upper Silesia

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Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn and Opole-Racibórz. In 1340, the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.

Piast Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Polish Silesia under the Piast dynasty

Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

{|align=center style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"

| colspan=14 style="background: #fff;" |Duchy of Silesia (1138–1163)

| colspan=9 style="background: #fff;" |

| colspan=5 rowspan="2" style="background: #fff;" |Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia) (1st creation) (1163–1282)

| colspan=1 style="background: #fff;" |

| colspan=4 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=4 style="background: #fed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #fff;" |Wrocław (Lower Silesia) (1163–1335)

| colspan=4 style="background: #ceb;" |

| colspan=2 rowspan="4" style="background: #fed;" |Legnica (1st creation) (1241–1449)

| colspan=2 style="background: #ec6;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="9" style="background: #fff;" |Opole (1282–1521)

| colspan=1 rowspan="4" style="background: #fde;" |Bytom (1282–1357)

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #ada;" |Racibórz (1282–1340)

| colspan=2 style="background: #dc8;" |

| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |Głogów (1st creation) (1274–1331)

| colspan=1 rowspan="8" style="background: #ffc;" |Oleśnica (1312–1492)

| colspan=2 rowspan="3" style="background: #dce;" |Żagań (1309–1504)

| colspan=1 rowspan="4" style="background: #ec6;" |Świdnica-Jawor (1274–1392)

| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #aed;" |Ziębice (1312–1442)

| colspan=1 style="background: #dc8;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="9" style="background: #fca;" |Oświęcim (1315–1457) and Zator (1445–1513)

| colspan=1 style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia (1331–49)

| colspan=1 rowspan="10" style="background: #dc8;" |Cieszyn (1281–1653)

| colspan=1 rowspan="10" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia

| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #ceb;" |Shared inheritance of Żagań (1349–1480), with Świdnica-Jawor (1349–1368), Bohemia (1368–1384) and Cieszyn (1384–1480); full inheritance with Żagań (1480–1488)

| colspan=1 rowspan="7" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia Recovered by Opole (1521)

| colspan=1 rowspan="6" style="background: #dce;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #fbd;" |Lubin (1342–1550)

| colspan=1 style="background: #fed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #def;" |Brzeg (1st creation) (1342–1450)

| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #fde;" |Shared inheritance of Oleśnica (1357–1498) with Cieszyn (1357–1459); Full inheritance with Oleśnica (1459–1498); Recovered by Opole

| colspan=1 style="background: #fed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="8" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia

| colspan=1 style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Opole

| colspan=1 rowspan="7" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia

| colspan=1 style="background: #fed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Poland (1488)

| colspan=2 style="background: #fed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="4" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Bohemia

| colspan=2 rowspan="3" style="background: #fed;" |Legnica (2nd creation) (1454–1672)

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #def;" |Brzeg (2nd creation) (1488–1672)

| colspan=2 style="background: #fff;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Saxony

| colspan=3 style="background: #fff;" |Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia) (2nd creation) (1521–1532)

| colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Poland

| colspan=3 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to Ansbach

| colspan=3 style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire

| colspan=1 style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire

A quick reminder, avoiding confusion:

{|align="center" style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"

|- style="background:#cccccc"

! Lower Silesia!!Upper Silesia

|style="text-align:left"|

Duchy of Wrocław
Duchy of Legnica
Duchy of Głogów
Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
Duchy of Wrocław
Duchy of Oleśnica

|style="text-align:left"|

Duchy of Opole-Racibórz (divided after 1282)
Duchy of Cieszyn
Duchy of Bytom
Duchy of Oświęcim
Duchy of Zator

Table of rulers

{| class="wikitable sticky-header"

! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes

|-style="background:#fff"

| Władysław II the Exile||100px

|align=center|1105 Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Zbyslava of Kiev

|align=center|28 October 1138 – 1146||Duchy of Silesia||Agnes of Babenberg 1125 five children

|align=center|30 May 1159 aged 53–54||Also monarch of Poland. Exiled by his half-brothers.

|-style="background:#fff"

| Bolesław IV the Curly||100px

|align=center|1122 Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg

|align=center|1146–1163||Duchy of Silesia||Viacheslava of Novgorod 1137 three children Maria (wife of Bolesław IV the Curly) c. 1170 no children

|align=center|5 January 1173 aged 50–51 ||Also Duke of Masovia and monarch of Poland.

|-style="background:#fff"

| Bolesław I the Tall||100px

|align=center|1127 First son of Władysław II the Exile and Agnes of Babenberg

|align=center|1163 – 8 December 1201||Duchy of Wrocław (Lower Silesia)|| 1142 two children 1157 seven children

|align=center|8 December 1201 Wrocław aged 73–74

|rowspan="2"|Children of Władysław II the Exile, divided their inheritance in Silesia.

|-style="background:#fff"

| Mieszko IV Tanglefoot||100px

|align=center|1130 Second son of Władysław II the Exile and Agnes of Babenberg

|align=center|1163 – 6 May 1211|| Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia)|| Ludmila (wife of Mieszko I Tanglefoot) c. 1175 five children

|align=center|6 May 1211 aged 80–81

|-style="background:#fff"

|| Henry I the Bearded||100px

|align=center|1165 Głogów Son of Bolesław I the Tall and

|align=center|8 December 1201 – 19 March 1238||Duchy of Wrocław (Lower Silesia)||Hedwig of Andechs 1188 seven children

|align=center|19 March 1238 Krosno Odrzańskie aged 72–73||Also monarch of Poland.

|-style="background:#fff"

| Casimir I of Opole||100px

|align=center|1179 Son of Mieszko IV Tanglefoot and Ludmila (wife of Mieszko I Tanglefoot)

|align=center|6 May 1211 – 13 May 1230|| Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) || Viola, Duchess of Opole c. 1215 four children

|align=center|13 May 1230 aged 50–51||

|- style="background:#fff;"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"| Regencies of Viola, Duchess of Opole (1230–1233), Henry I the Bearded (1233–1238) and Henry II the Pious (1238–1239)

|rowspan="2"|

|-style="background:#fff"

| Mieszko II the Fat||100px

|align=center|1220 First son of Casimir I of Opole and Viola, Duchess of Opole

|align=center|13 May 1230 – 22 October 1246|| Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) || c.1240 no children

|align=center|22 October 1246 aged 25–26

|-style="background:#fff"

|| Hedwig of Andechs||100px

|align=center|1174 Andechs Son of Bolesław I the Tall and

|align=center|19 March 1238 – 15 October 1243||Duchy of Wrocław (at Niemcza)||Henry I the Bearded 1188 seven children

|align=center|15 October 1243 Trzebnica Abbey aged 68–69

|rowspan="2"|Heirs of Henry I. His widow kept a seat at the town of Niemcza, while his son inherited the main duchy and was also monarch of Poland.

|-style="background:#fff"

| Henry II the Pious||100px

|align=center|1196 Son of Henry I the Bearded and Hedwig of Andechs

|align=center|19 March 1238 – 9 April 1241||Duchy of Wrocław (Lower Silesia)||Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia 1216 ten children

|align=center|9 April 1241 Legnickie Pole aged 44–45

|- style="background:#fff;"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"| Regency of Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia (1241–1242)

|rowspan="4"| Children of Henry II, ruled initially under the regency of their mother, and jointly until 1248, when they made official the division of their inheritance.

|- style="background:#fed"

| Bolesław II the Bald||100px

|align=center|1220 First son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia

|align=center|9 April 1241 – 31 December 1278||Duchy of Legnica || 1242 seven children 1261 (annulled 1277) no children Sophia of Dyhrn 1277 (morganatic) no children

|align=center|31 December 1278 Legnica aged 57–58

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry III the White||100px

|align=center|1222 Third son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia

|align=center|9 April 1241 – 3 December 1266||Duchy of Wrocław || 2 June 1252 two children Helena of Saxony c.1255/60? no children

|align=center|3 December 1266 aged 43–44

|- style="background:#ceb"

| Konrad I, Duke of Głogów||100px

|align=center|1228 Fourth son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia

|align=center|9 April 1241 – 6 August 1274||Duchy of Głogów ||Salome of Greater Poland 1249 six children Sophie of Landsberg 1271 no children

|align=center|6 August 1274 Głogów aged 45–46

|-style="background:#fff"

| Vladislaus I of Opole||100px

|align=center|1225 Second son of Casimir I of Opole and Viola, Duchess of Opole

|align=center|22 October 1246 – 13 September 1282|| Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) || Euphemia of Greater Poland 1251 five children

|align=center|13 September 1282 Racibórz aged 56–57||In 1282, Opole-Racibórz was divided into various duchies, to the four sons of Władysław.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry Probus ||100px

|align=center|1257 Son of Henry III the White and

|align=center|3 December 1266 – 23 June 1290||Duchy of Wrocław ||Constance of Opole March 1280 no children Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Poland c. 1288 no children

|align=center|23 June 1290 Wrocław aged 32–33||Also monarch of Poland. Left no descendants, and his portion reverted to his cousin from Legnica.

|- style="background:#fff"

|align=center colspan="8"| Wroclaw temporarily annexed to Legnica

|- style="background:#ceb"

|| Henry III, Duke of Głogów||

|align=center|1251 First son of Konrad I, Duke of Głogów and Salome of Greater Poland

|align=center|6 August 1274 – 9 December 1309||Duchy of Głogów||Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg March 1291 nine children

|align=center|9 December 1309 aged 57–58

|rowspan="3"|Children of Konrad I divided their inheritance. In 1284, the younger brothers exchanged properties, but, as neither left descendants, both were reunited with the main duchy of Głogów.

|- style="background:#ceb"

| Konrad II the Hunchback|| 100px

|align=center|1252 Second son of Konrad I, Duke of Głogów and Salome of Greater Poland

|align=center|6 August 1274 – 11 October 1304||Duchy of Głogów (at Ścinawa until 1284; in Żagań since 1284)

|rowspan="2"|Unmarried

|align=center|11 October 1304 aged 51–52

|- style="background:#ceb"

| Przemko of Ścinawa||100px

|align=center|1255 Third son of Konrad I, Duke of Głogów and Salome of Greater Poland

|align=center|6 August 1274 – 26 February 1289||Duchy of Głogów (at Żagań; in Ścinawa since 1284)

|align=center|26 February 1289 aged 33–34

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 align=center|Żagań and Scinawa remerged in Glogow

|- style="background:#fed"

|| Henry V the Fat||100px

|align=center|1248 First son of Bolesław II the Bald and

|align=center|31 December 1278 – 22 February 1296||Duchy of Legnica||Elisabeth of Greater Poland 1277 eight children

|align=center|22 February 1296 aged 47–48

|rowspan="3"|Children of Boleslaus II, divided their inheritance. In 1290, after the death of his childless cousin Henry IV, Henry V also inherited Wrocław. In 1296, after Henry V's death, Bolko was appointed regent for his nephews.

|-style="background:#ec6"

|| Bolko I the Strict||100px

|align=center|1252 Second son of Bolesław II the Bald and

|align=center|31 December 1278 – 9 November 1301||Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor||Beatrice of Brandenburg 4 October 1284 Berlin ten children

|align=center|9 November 1301 Legnica aged 48–49

|-style="background:#ec6"

| Bernard the Lightsome|| 100px

|align=center|1253 Third son of Bolesław II the Bald and

|align=center|31 December 1278 – 25 April 1286||Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (at Lwówek Śląski)||Unmarried

|align=center|25 April 1286 aged 32–33

|- style="background:#ec6"

|align=center colspan="8"| Lwówek annexed to Świdnica-Jawor

|- style="background:#dc8"

|| Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn|| 100px

|align=center|1252 First son of Vladislaus I of Opole and Euphemia of Greater Poland

|align=center|13 September 1282 – 27 June 1315||Duchy of Cieszyn ||Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?) between 1275 and 1280 three children

|align=center|27 June 1315 aged 62–63

|rowspan="4" style="background:#fff"|Children of Vladislaus I, divided their inheritance.

|- style="background:#fde"

|| Casimir of Bytom||

|align=center|1253 Second son of Vladislaus I of Opole and Euphemia of Greater Poland

|align=center|13 September 1282 – 10 March 1312||Duchy of Bytom||Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?) c.1275 six children

|align=center|10 March 1312 aged 58–59

|- style="background:#fff"

| Bolko I of Opole||100px

|align=center|October 1258 Third son of Vladislaus I of Opole and Euphemia of Greater Poland

|align=center|13 September 1282 – 13 May 1313||Duchy of Opole ||Agnes (of Brandenburg?) c. 1280 three children

|align=center|14 May 1313 aged 54

|- style="background:#ada"

|Przemysław of Racibórz||

|align=center|12 June 1268 Fourth son of Vladislaus I of Opole and Euphemia of Greater Poland

|align=center|13 September 1282 – 7 May 1306||Duchy of Racibórz||Anna of Masovia, Duchess of Racibórz c. 1290 three children

|align=center|7 May 1306 aged 37

|- style="background:#fed"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"|Regencies of Bolko I the Strict (1296–1301), Henry of Wierzbna (1301–1302) and Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (1302–1305)

|rowspan="4"|Children of Henry V, ruled under regency until 1305, and divided their inheritance. Boleslaus received Legnica together with Ladislaus. Shortly after, Ladislaus was excluded from government. In 1342, abdicated the majority of the duchy to his sons, and ruled in Brzeg, which he left to his widow. Henry received Wrocław, but, having no male heirs, signed, in 1327, a contract of inheritance with King John of Bohemia and upon his death Wrocław fell to Bohemia.

|- style="background:#fed"

|| Bolesław III the Generous||100px

|align=center|23 September 1291 First son of Henry V the Fat and Elisabeth of Greater Poland

|align=center|22 February 1296 – 21 April 1352||Duchy of Legnica (only in the Duchy of Brzeg since 1342)||Margaret of Bohemia, Duchess of Wrocław 1318 three children Katarina Šubić 1326 no children

|align=center|21 April 1352 Brzeg aged 60

|- style="background:#fed"

||Władysław of Legnica||

|align=center|6 June 1296 Third son of Henry V the Fat and Elisabeth of Greater Poland

|align=center|22 February 1296 – 1312||Duchy of Legnica||Anna of Masovia 1325 (annulled 1329) no children

|align=center|January 1352 aged 55

|- style="background:#fff"

|| Henry VI the Good||100px

|align=center|18 March 1294 Second son of Henry V the Fat and Elisabeth of Greater Poland

|align=center|22 February 1296 – 24 November 1335||Duchy of Wrocław||Anne of Austria, Margravine of Brandenburg 1310 three children

|align=center|24 November 1335 Wrocław aged 41

|- style="background:#fff"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Wrocław annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia

|- style="background:#EECC66"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"|Regency of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1301–1305)

|rowspan="4"|Children of Bolko/Boleslaus I the Strict, divided their inheritance. Bolko was under his elder brother's tutelage until his majority, attained in 1322. Henry annexed Głogów in 1337, which he recovered from Bohemia. However, after Henry's death, Głogów returns to Bohemian control; Jawor also returns to Świdnica.

|-style="background:#ec6"

| Bernard of Świdnica||

|align=center|1291 First son of Bolko I the Strict and Beatrice of Brandenburg

|align=center|9 November 1301 – 6 May 1326||Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Świdnica)||Kunigunde of Poland 1310 five children

|align=center|6 May 1326 aged 34–35

|-style="background:#ec6"

|| Henry I of Jawor||100px

|align=center|1292 Second son of Bolko I the Strict and Beatrice of Brandenburg

|align=center|9 November 1301 – 15 May 1346||Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Jawor and Duchy of Głogów since 1337)||Agnes of Bohemia, Duchess of Jawor 1316 no children

|align=center|15 May 1346 aged 53–54

|- style="background:#aed

|Bolko II of Ziębice ||100px

|align=center|1 February 1300 Third son of Bolko I the Strict and Beatrice of Brandenburg

|align=center|9 November 1301 – 11 June 1341|| Duchy of Ziębice || 21 November 1321 two children

|align=center|11 June 1341 Ziębice aged 41

|-style="background:#ec6"

|colspan=8 align=center|Jawor was reincorporated in Świdnica

|-style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 align=center|Głogów was re-annexed to Bohemia

|- style="background:#ada"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"|Regency of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn (1306–1308)

|rowspan="2"|After his death without descendants in 1336, Raciborz was inherited by his sister.

|- style="background:#ada"

| Leszek of Racibórz||

|align=center|1292 Son of Przemysław of Racibórz and Anna of Masovia, Duchess of Racibórz

|align=center|7 May 1306 – 1336||Duchy of Racibórz|| 1332 no children

|align=center|1336 aged 43–44

|- style="background:#ceb"

| Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg||100px

|align=center|1276 Daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick and

|align=center|9 December 1309 – 26 April 1318||Duchy of Głogów ||Henry III, Duke of Głogów March 1291 nine children

|align=center|26 April 1318 aged 41–42

|rowspan="6"| Heirs of Henry III. The widow received the main part of the duchy (Głogów), while their sons divided their inheritance. Henry IV stayed with Przemko in Żagań, John received Scinawa, and Conrad and Boleslaus inherited Oleśnica jointly. In 1318, Przemko assumed his mother's inheritance at Głogów. After the childless death of Przemko II, it was stipulated that his widow should succeed him, but financial complications led to the duchy's temporary annexation by the Kingdom of Bohemia. After John's death, Scinawa was partitioned between Swidnica-Jawor and Żagań.

|- style="background:#dce"

|| Henry IV the Faithful ||100px

|align=center|1292 First son of Henry III, Duke of Głogów and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg

|align=center|9 December 1309 – 22 January 1342||Duchy of Żagań|| 5 January 1310 four children

|align=center|22 January 1342 Żagań aged 49–50

|- style="background:#ffc"

|| Konrad I of Oleśnica||

|align=center|1305 Fifth son of Henry III, Duke of Głogów and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg

|align=center|26 April 1318 – 11 January 1331||Duchy of Głogów (at Duchy of Żagań in 1309–1318)||Constance of Świdnica 1326 no children

|align=center|11 January 1331 aged 25–26

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Głogów was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1331–1337) and to the Jawor portion of Świdnica-Jawor (1337–1346); a new annexation followed, to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1346–1349/1360). In 1349, Henry V the Iron (son of Henry the Fat) recovered half of the inheritance of his uncle Przemko in Głogów from Bohemia; the other half was given to Przemko II's widow, Constance, in 1360, passed to her brother Bolko II the Small, and passed briefly to Bohemia before being annexed to Cieszyn.

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Scinawa was divided in 1365; half of it was inherited by Żagań and in 1395 sold to Oleśnica; the other part was inherited by Świdnica, and passed briefly to Bohemia before being annexed to Cieszyn.

|- style="background:#fde"

| Władysław of Bytom)

|align=center|July 1342 age 49–50

|- style="background:#fde"

|align=center colspan=8|Gliwice and Kozle returned to Bytom

|- style="background:#fff"

| Bolesław the Elder||

|align=center|1293 First son of Bolko I of Opole and Agnes

|align=center|13 May 1313 – 21 June 1356||Duchy of Opole (at Niemodlin)|| 29 October 1325 eight childrend

|align=center|21 March 1365 aged 71–72

|rowspan="3"| Children of Bolko I, divided their inheritance.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Bolko II of Opole||100px

|align=center|1275 First son of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn and Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?)

|align=center|27 June 1315 – 15 May 1324|| Duchy of Oświęcim ||Euphrosyne of Masovia 1304 two children

|align=center|15 May 1324 aged 48–49

|rowspan="2" style="background:#dc8| Children of Mieszko I, divided their inheritance.

|- style="background:#dc8"

| Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn||

|align=center|1280 Second son of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn and Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?)

|align=center|27 June 1315 – 29 September 1358||Duchy of Cieszyn|| 1321 nine children

|align=center|29 September 1358 aged 77–78

|- style="background:#fca"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"|Regency of Euphrosyne of Masovia (1324–1325)

|rowspan="2"|

|-style="background:#fca"

| Jan I the Scholastic||100px

|align=center|1308 Son of Władysław of Oświęcim and Euphrosyne of Masovia

|align=center|15 May 1324 – September 1372||Duchy of Oświęcim||Unknown one child Salomea Reuss of Plauen July 1359 three children

|align=center|September 1372 aged 63–64

|- style="background:#ec6"

|| Bolko II the Small||100px

|align=center|1312 First son of Bernard of Świdnica and Kunigunde of Poland

|align=center|6 May 1326 – 28 July 1368||Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Świdnica; at Jawor since 1346; in Duchy of Brzeg Half B since 1358, and Duchy of Głogów Half B since 1361)||Agnes of Austria 1 June 1338 no children

|align=center|28 July 1368 Świdnica aged 55–56

|rowspan="2"|Sons of Bernard II, ruled jointly until Henry's death in 1343. In 1346, after his uncle Henry I's death with no male heirs, he reunites Świdnica-Jawor in one duchy. Bolko also bought half of Brzeg in 1358. Brother of Constance, widow duchess of Głogów, inherited part of the duchy from her. After his death in 1368, the half of Głogów returned the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the half of Brzeg to Louis I of Brzeg.

|-style="background:#ec6"

|Henry II of Świdnica||

|align=center|1316 Second son of Bernard of Świdnica and Kunigunde of Poland

|align=center|6 May 1326 – 28 June 1345||Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Świdnica)||Catherine of Hungary, Duchess of Świdnica 1 June 1338 one child

|align=center|28 June 1345 Kamienna Góra aged 28–29

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Annexation of Half B of Głogów to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1368–1384)

|- style="background:#def"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Half A annexed to Lubin

|- style="background:#ada"

|Anna of Racibórz||

|align=center|1298 Daughter of Premislaus and Anna of Masovia, Duchess of Racibórz

|align=center|1336 – 21 August 1340||Duchy of Racibórz||Nicholas II, Duke of Opava 1318 six children

|align=center|21 August 1340 aged 41–42||Her husband claimed the duchy, and she managed to inherit it.

|- style="background:#ada"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Racibórz annexed to the Duchy of Opava (1306–1521)

|- style="background:#aed"

|Nicholas the Small||

|align=center|1327 Son of Bolko II of Ziębice and

|align=center|11 June 1341 – 23 April 1358||Duchy of Ziębice|| 23 October 1343 six children

|align=center| 23 April 1358 in Hungary aged 30–31 ||

|- style="background:#dce"

|| Henry V the Iron ||100px

|align=center|1318 First son of Bolesław III the Generous and Margaret of Bohemia, Duchess of Wroclaw

|align=center|1342 – 2 June 1364||Duchy of Legnica || 1338 five children

|align=center|2 June 1364 aged 45–46

|rowspan="2"|Sons of Boleslaus III, divided their inheritance during their father's life. Louis was already ruling in Lubin, while Wenceslaus did the same in Legnica. In 1358, Louis inherited half of Brzeg from his stepmother, Catharina (see below). Reunited Brzeg after the death of the owner of the other part, Bolko the Small (1368).

|- style="background:#fbd"

|| Louis I of Brzeg||100px

|align=center|1321 Second son of Bolesław III the Generous and Margaret of Bohemia, Duchess of Wroclaw

|align=center|22 January 1342 – 23 December 1398||Duchy of Lubin (jure uxoris; with Duchy of Brzeg Half A since 1358; in the whole duchy since 1368)|| 18 November 1341 six children

|align=center|23 December 1398 aged 76–77

|- style="background:#def"

| Katarina Šubić||

|align=center|c.1310? Daughter of Mladen III Šubić and Jelena Nemanjić

|align=center|21 April 1352 – February 1358||Duchy of Brzeg||Bolesław III the Generous 1326 no children

|align=center|February 1358 Brzeg aged 47–48?

|| Inherited Brzeg from her husband. After her death, the duchy was divided between Louis I of Brzeg (her stepson) and Bolko II the Small from Swidnica-Jawor.

|- style="background:#def"

|align=center colspan=8|Brzeg divided between Lubin and Swidnica-Jawor

|- style="background:#fde"

| Bolesław of Bytom||

|align=center|1330 Son of Władysław of Bytom and Ludgarda of Mecklenburg, Duchess of Bytom

|align=center|8 September 1352 – 4 October 1355||Duchy of Bytom

|rowspan="2"|14 February 1347 three children

|align=center|4 October 1355 aged 24–25

|rowspan="2"|Son of Ladislaus, Boleslaus left his duchy to his widow Margareta after his death. In 1357, after two years of war for the duchy, a settlement was made; Margareta abdicated the duchy, which was split between its heiresses.

|- style="background:#fde"

| Margareta of Sternberg||

|align=center|c.1330 Daughter of and Margareta of Bílina

|align=center|4 October 1355 – 8 December 1357||Duchy of Bytom

|align=center|June 1365 aged 34–35

|- style="background:#fff"

| Vladislaus II of Opole||100px

|align=center|1332 First son of Bolko II of Opole and Elisabeth of Świdnica

|align=center|21 June 1356 – 18 May 1401 (only de jure from 1396)

|rowspan="2"|Duchy of Opole||Elisabeth of Wallachia c. 1355 three children 1369 two children

|align=center|18 May 1401 Opole aged 68–69

|rowspan="3"| Children of Bolko II, ruled jointly. In 1375, Bolko III was Albert of Strzelce's heir and split Strzelce from Opole again, leaving the main duchy for his elder brother Ladislaus.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry||

|align=center|August? 1338 Third son of Bolko II of Opole and Elisabeth of Świdnica

|align=center|21 June 1356 – October 1365||Unmarried

|align=center|October 1365 aged 27?

|- style="background:#fff"

| Bolko III of Strzelce||100px

|align=center|1337 Second son of Bolko II of Opole and Elisabeth of Świdnica

|align=center|21 June 1356 – 21 October 1382||Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce since 1375)||Anna of Oświęcim c. 1355 five children

|align=center|21 October 1382 aged 44–45

|- style="background:#fde"

| Euphemia (I)||

|align=center|c. 1310 Daughter of Władysław of Bytom and Beatrice of Brandenburg

|align=center|8 December 1357 – 3 January 1378||Duchy of Bytom (half A)||Konrad I of Oleśnica 2 March 1333 two children

|align=center|3 January 1378 aged 67–68

|rowspan="3"|In 1357, the duchy was divided between heiresses, one annexed by the Duchy of Oleśnica, the other annexed by the Duchy of Cieszyn, and a third part, ruled by the duke of Niemodlin jure uxoris was also annexed to Oleśnica.

|- style="background:#fde"

| Elisabeth||

|align=center|1347 First daughter of Bolesław of Bytom and Margareta of Sternberg

|align=center|8 December 1357 – 1374||Duchy of Bytom (half B)||Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn 1360 three children

|align=center|1374 aged 26–27

|- style="background:#fde"

| ||

|align=center|c.1350 Second daughter of Bolesław of Bytom and Margareta of Sternberg

|align=center|8 December 1357 – 26 August 1411||Duchy of Bytom (at Gliwice)||Wenceslaus of Niemodlin 1364 no children Bolko III of Ziębice 1369 eight children

|align=center|26 August 1411 aged 60–61

|- style="background:#fde"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Bytom divided between the duchies of Oleśnica and Cieszyn

|- style="background:#aed"

|colspan=7 align=center|Regency of (1358–1360)

|rowspan="3"| Children of Nicholas I, ruled jointly.

|- style="background:#aed"

| Bolko III of Ziębice||

|align=center|1350 Ziębice Second son of Nicholas the Small and

|align=center|23 April 1358 – August 1366||Unmarried

|align=center|August 1366 Ziębice aged 15–16

|- style="background:#dc8"

|| Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn|| 100px

|align=center|13 February 1334 Cieszyn Son of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn and

|align=center|29 September 1358 – 23 May 1410||Duchy of Cieszyn (with Duchy of Bytom Half B since 1359, jure uxoris, and Duchy of Głogów Half B in 1384–1404 and 1406–1410)||Elisabeth, Duchess of Bytom 1360 three children

|align=center|23 May 1410 Cieszyn aged 76||In 1384 recovered part of the Lower Silesian duchy of Głogów from Bohemia. Abdicated the Głogów for his son, Premislaus, in 1404, but recovered it in 1406.

|-style="background:#ceb"

| Constance of Świdnica||

|align=center|1313 Daughter of Bernard of Świdnica and Kunigunde of Poland

|align=center|1360–1361||Duchy of Głogów (Half B)||Przemko II of Glogów 1326 no children

|align=center|21 November 1363 aged 49–50|| In 1360 Half B of Głogów reemerges as Constance, widow of Przemko II; recovers half of the dowry that was left by her husband; however, she quickly gives it to her brother, Bolko II the Small.

|-style="background:#ceb"

|align=center colspan=8| Half B of Głogów was annexed to Swidnica-Jawor, then, in 1368, to Bohemia, and, in 1384, it was bought by the Duchy of Cieszyn.

|- style="background:#ffeedd"

| Rupert I of Legnica||

|align=center|27 March 1347 First son of Wenceslaus I of Legnica and

|align=center|2 June 1364 – 12 January 1409

|rowspan="4"|Duchy of Legnica||Hedwig of Żagań 10 February 1372 two children

|align=center|12 January 1409 aged 61

|rowspan="4"|Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus II was also Duke of Nysa as Bishop of Wrocław, and abdicated in 1413.

|- style="background:#ffeedd"

| Wenceslaus II of Liegnitz||100px

|align=center|1348 Second son of Wenceslaus I of Legnica and

|align=center|2 June 1364 – 16 March 1413

|rowspan="3"|Unmarried

|align=center|30 December 1419 Otmuchów aged 61

|- style="background:#ffeedd"

| Bolesław IV of Legnica||

|align=center|1349 Third son of Wenceslaus I of Legnica and

|align=center|2 June 1364 – 4 March 1394

|align=center|4 March 1394 aged 61

|- style="background:#ffeedd"

| Henry VIII of Legnica||100px

|align=center|1355 Fourth son of Wenceslaus I of Legnica and

|align=center|2 June 1364 – 12 December 1398

|align=center|12 December 1398 Legnica aged 61

|- style="background:#fff"

| Bolesław II of Niemodlin||

|align=center|1326 First son of Bolesław the Elder and

|align=center|21 March 1365 – 25 June 1368

|rowspan="3"|Duchy of Opole (at Niemodlin) ||Unmarried

|align=center|25 June 1368 aged 41–42

|rowspan="3"|Children of Boleslaus the Elder of Niemodlin, ruled jointly, and none left descendants.

|- style="background:#fff"

| Wenceslaus of Niemodlin||

|align=center|1336 Second son of Boleslaus I and

|align=center|21 March 1365 – June 1369|| 1364 no children

|align=center|June 1369 aged 32–33

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry of Niemodlin||

|align=center|c. 1350 Third son of Bolesław the Elder and

|align=center|21 March 1365 – 14 September 1382|| c. 1370 no children

|align=center|14 September 1382 aged 31–32

|- style="background:#fff"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Niemodlin annexed to Strzelce

|- style="background:#ffc"

| Konrad II the Gray||

|align=center|1363 Second son of Bolko III of Strzelce and Anna of Oświęcim

|align=center|21 October 1382 – 6 May 1437

||Margaret of Gorizia 1398 five children

|align=center|6 May 1437 aged 73–74

|- style="background:#fff"

| Henry II of Niemodlin||

|align=center|1374 Third son of Bolko III of Strzelce and Anna of Oświęcim

|align=center|21 October 1382 – 22 December 1394

|rowspan="2"|Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce and Niemodlin)||Unmarried

|align=center|22 December 1394 aged 19–20

|- style="background:#fff"

| Bernard of Niemodlin||

|align=center|1378 Fourth son of Bolko III of Strzelce and Anna of Oświęcim

|align=center|21 October 1382 – 1450||Hedwig of Melsztyń two children

|align=center|2/4 April 1455 aged 76–77

|- style="background:#dce"

| Hedwig of Legnica||

|align=center|1351 Daughter of Wenceslaus I, Duke of Legnica and

|align=center|5 December 1393 – 1403||Duchy of Żagań||Henry VI the Elder 10 February 1372 no children

|align=center|1 August 1409 Legnica aged 57–58||Inherited the property of her husband (with whom she was apparently estranged with). In 1403, she abdicated her inheritance to her nephews, sons of her brother-in-law Henry VIII.

|- style="background:#ceb"

|| ||

|align=center|16 March 1367 Daughter of Vladislaus II of Opole and

|align=center|14 March 1397 – 6 June 1420||Duchy of Głogów (in Prudnik, Kożuchów and Zielona Góra)||Henry VIII the Sparrow 1382 five children

|align=center|6 June 1420 aged 53

|rowspan="6"|Heirs of Henry VIII. Catharina remained at her dowry lands, while the rest of the property was divided, at least since 1403, when Hedwig of Legnica passed her own property to her nephews, who proceeded to a new partition of the whole inheritance. John inherited Żagań alone, while the rest of the brothers kept Głogów. With the abdication of Wenceslaus and the death of Henry X, Henry IX became sole ruler of Glogow, and in 1446, he bought Lubin.

|- style="background:#ceb"

|align=center colspan=7|Regency of Rupert I of Legnica (1397–1401)

|- style="background:#dce"

|| Jan I of Żagań||100px

|align=center|1385 First son of Henry VIII the Sparrow and

|align=center|14 March 1397 – 12 April 1439||Duchy of Żagań (in Duchy of Głogów Half A until 1412; in Żagań proper since 1403)|| 1408 ten children

|align=center|12 April 1439 aged 53–54

|- style="background:#ceb"

|| Henry IX the Elder||

|align=center|1387 Second son of Henry VIII the Sparrow and

|align=center|14 March 1397 – 11 November 1467

|rowspan="2"|Duchy of Głogów (Half A)||Hedwig of Oleśnica 1432 six children

|align=center|11 November 1467 Krosno Odrzańskie aged 79–80

|- style="background:#ceb"

|| Henry X Rumpold||

|align=center|1390 Third son of Henry VIII the Sparrow and

|align=center|14 March 1397 – 18 January 1423

|rowspan="2"|Unmarried

|align=center| 18 January 1423 Flensburg aged 32–33

|- style="background:#ceb"

|| Wenceslaus of Krosno||

|align=center|1391 Fourth son of Henry VIII the Sparrow and

|align=center|14 March 1397 – January 1431|| Duchy of Głogów (at Krosno Odrzańskie, Świebodzin and Bytnica)

|align=center|January 1431 aged 39–40

|- style="background:#ceb"

|align=center colspan=8|Krosno Odrzańskie, Świebodzin and Bytnica annexed to Głogów.

|- style="background:#fbd"

|| Henry VII of Brzeg Second son of Konrad III the Old and Judith

|align=center|1412 – 10 September 1439||Duchy of Oleśnica (in Oleśnica, Milicz, Prusice, Trzebnica, Wasosz, Zmigrod and Wołów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A)||Margaret (?) 9 October 1411 five children

|align=center|10 September 1439 aged 53–54

|rowspan="4"|Younger brothers of Konrad IV, divided their domains; Konrad VI left his possessions to his younger brother Konrad VIII, and Konrad V did the same to his brother Konrad VII, who ended up inheriting all of his brothers' possessions (Konrad V's in 1439, Konrad VI and VIII's in 1444, and Konrad IV's in 1447). In 1450, Konrad VII, now ruling alone, abdicated all his possessions to his nephews and heirs.

|- style="background:#ffc"

| Konrad VI the Dean||

|align=center|1391 Oleśnica Third son of Konrad III the Old and Judith

|align=center|1416 – 3 September 1427||Duchy of Oleśnica (in Ścinawa, Lubiąż and Wołów||Duchy of Ziębice|| 1397 nine children

|align=center|17 November 1447 aged 57–58||Faced opposition to her succession by the Častolovice family, with whom she had to negotiate her succession. Despite being in Ziebice/Munsterberg since the death of her husband (1423) and prior to her brother's death (1428), and being cited as Euphemia [...] Herczoginne czu Monstirbergk in 1429, only in 1435 she saw her rights recognised by Bohemia. In 1443, after years of conflict, she abdicated to her nephew, the Duke of Opava, who was also married to a Častolovice heiress.

|- style="background:#aed"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Ziębice was annexed to the Duchy of Opava

|- style="background:#dc8"

|style="text-align:center" colspan="7"|Regency of Euphemia of Masovia (1431–1442)

|rowspan="5"|Divided their inheritance after the end of the regency of their mother. After Ladislaus' death, Premislaus retained co-rulership in Cieszyn, with his brother Wenceslaus, and in Głogów, associated with his widowed sister-in-law. Wenceslaus inherited half of Bytom that the family had, exchanging it with his brother Boleslaus, but returning to him after Boleslaus' death shortly after the exchange. Wenceslaus resigned this half in 1459, returning it to Oleśnica, which reunited Bytom under Oleśnica rule.

|- style="background:#dc8"

| Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn)|| c. 1465 one child

|align=center|18 March 1477 aged 54–55

|- style="background:#dc8"

| Bolesław II, Duke of Cieszyn||

|align=center|1425 Fourth son of Bolesław I, Duke of Cieszyn and Margareta of Opava

|align=center|6 May 1431 – 4 October 1452||Duchy of Cieszyn (at Bielsko and Frysztat; in Duchy of Bytom Half B in 1452)|| 28 January 1448 three children

|align=center| 4 October 1452 aged 26–27

|-style="background:#fca"

|| Wenceslaus I of Zator||100px

|align=center|1434 Third son of Jan I of Żagań and

|align=center|12 April 1439 – 12 December 1472||Duchy of Żagań (at Przewóz)

|align=center|29 April 1488 Wrocław aged 53–54

|- style="background:#dce"

|rowspan="2"|Jan II the Mad

|rowspan="2"|100px

|rowspan="2" align=center|16 April 1435 Fourth son of Jan I of Żagań and

|align=center|12 April 1439 – 1468 15 July – 12 December 1472||Duchy of Żagań (at Przewóz until 1461; at Żagań in 1461–1468 and 1472)

|rowspan="2"| 1462 five children

|rowspan="2" align=center|22 September 1504 Wołów aged 69

|- style="background:#ceb"

|align=center|22 February 1476 – November 1488||Duchy of Głogów (both halves reunited 1480)

|- style="background:#dce"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Nowogród Bobrzański remerged into Żagań (since 1461); Żagań sold to the Duchy of Saxony (since 1472)

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Głogów surrendered and annexed to the Kingdom of Poland; at the same time, Lubin, since 1446 part of Głogów, reverted to Legnica

|- style="background:#ffc"

| Margaret (wife of Konrad V Kantner)||

|align=center|c. 1390? ?

|align=center|10 September 1439 – 15 March 1449||Duchy of Oleśnica (in Wołów)||Konrad V Kantner 9 October 1411 five children

|align=center|15 March 1449 aged 58–59?||Widow of Konrad V, inherited Wołów as dowry, which after her death reverted, similarly to the rest of Konrad V's possessions, to Konrad VII.

|- style="background:#ffc"

|align=center colspan=8|Wołów remerged in Oleśnica

|- style="background:#fbd"

| Margareta of Opole||

|align=center|1412 Daughter of Bolko IV of Opole and Margaret of Gorizia

|align=center|June 1441 – 15 January 1454||Duchy of Lubin (at Oława)||Louis III of Oława 1423 two children

|align=center|15 January 1454 aged 41–42

|rowspan="3"|Heirs of Louis III. Margareta inherited Olawa as a dower seat, and her children ruled jointly. In 1443, they inherited Brzeg from Elisabeth of Brandenburg, but, in 1446, due to the difficult financial situation, had to sell Lubin to the Duchy of Głogów. In 1450, Brzeg was also sold to Opole. Chojnów was the only main town kept by the brothers, and the one they left to Frederick I, John I's son. Olawa was also inherited by Frederick (Margareta's grandson). The duchy recentered, since 1454, around Legnica.

|- style="background:#fbd"

|| John I of Lüben||100px

|align=center|1425 First son of Louis III of Oława and Margareta of Opole

|align=center|June 1441 – November 1453

|rowspan="2"| Duchy of Lubin (at Chojnów; in Lubin proper until 1446; with Duchy of Brzeg since 1443)|| February 1445 one child

|align=center|November 1453 aged 27–28

|- style="background:#fbd"

|| Henry X of Haynau||

|align=center|1435 Son of Henry IX the Elder and Hedwig of Oleśnica

|align=center|11 November 1467 – 22 February 1476||Duchy of Głogów (Half A)||Barbara of Brandenburg (1464–1515) 11 October 1472 Berlin no children

|align=center|22 February 1476||Possibly poisoned. After his death, the majority of his patrimony was inherited by his cousin, the disposssessed ex-Żagań duke John the Mad (see above).

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 align=center|Głogów half A (with exceptions) was inherited by Jan II the Mad

|-style="background:#fca"

| Casimir II of Zator||

|align=center|c.1450 First son of Wenceslaus I of Zator and

|align=center|28 July 1468 – 7 July 1490

|rowspan="4"| Duchy of Zator||Margaret of Karniów 12 August 1482 one child

|align=center|7 July 1490 aged 39–40

|rowspan="4"| Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. In 1490, John became the sole ruler. In 1513, after John V's death with no descendants, the Duchy was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.

|-style="background:#fca"

| Wenceslaus II of Zator||

|align=center|c. 1455 Third son of Wenceslaus I of Zator and

|align=center|28 July 1468 – 17 September 1513

|align=center|17 September 1513 aged 57–58

|-style="background:#fca"

| Władysław of Zator||

|align=center|c.1455 Fourth son of Wenceslaus I of Zator and

|align=center|28 July 1468 – 21 September 1494||Anna before 1488 one child

|align=center|21 September 1494 aged 38–39

|- style="background:#fca"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Zator annexed to the Kingdom of Poland

|- style="background:#ffc"

| Margareta of Rawa||

|align=center|1441 Daughter of Siemowit V of Masovia and Margareta of Racibórz

|align=center|14 August 1471 – 1475||Duchy of Oleśnica (Oleśnica and Bierutów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A)||Konrad IX the Black 1453 one child

|align=center|1 September 1485 aged 43–44||Widow of Konrad IX, inherited part of the properties of her husband, which passed to her daughter.

|- style="background:#ffc"

|colspan="7" style="text-align:center"|Regency of Konrad X the White (1475–1478)

|rowspan="2"|Deposed in 1478 by her regent and died the next year. Her possessions, inherited from her mother, were inherited by her uncle.

|- style="background:#ffc"

| Barbara of Oleśnica||

|align=center|1465 Daughter of Konrad IX the Black and Margareta of Rawa

|align=center|1475–1478||Duchy of Oleśnica (Oleśnica and Bierutów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A)||Unmarried

|align=center|30 November 1479 aged 13–14

|- style="background:#ffc"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Barbara's possessions were inherited by her uncle Conrad X, who reunited Oleśnica in 1478 (see above).

|- style="background:#ceb"

|| Barbara of Brandenburg||

|align=center|30 May 1464 Ansbach Daughter of Albert Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg and Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg

|align=center|22 February 1476 – 4 September 1515||Duchy of Głogów (at Krosno Odrzańskie, Kożuchów, Sulechów and Lubsko)||Henry XI of Głogów 11 October 1472 Berlin no children Vladislaus II of Hungary 20 August 1476 Frankfurt (Oder) (separated 1490, annulled 1500) no children

|align=center|4 September 1515 Ansbach aged 51||Received a dower from her husband, which after her death was annexed to Brandenburg.

|- style="background:#ceb"

|colspan=8 align=center|Krosno Odrzańskie, Kożuchów, Sulechów and Lubsko were annexed to Brandenburg

|- style="background:#fff"

|| Louis of Opole||

|align=center|1450 First son of Nicholas I of Opole and

|align=center|3 July – September 1476

|rowspan="3"| Duchy of Opole (until 1521; with Brzeg until 1481) Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (from 1521)

|rowspan="3"|Unmarried

|align=center|September 1476 aged 25–26

|rowspan="3"|Children of Nicholas I, ruled jointly. In 1481, they sold Brzeg to Frederick I of Liegnitz. From 1497, John ruled alone, purchasing back, in 1521, the lost Racibórz from Bohemia, and restoring the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz. However, as he left no descendants, the duchy reverted to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach.

|- style="background:#fff"

|| Jan II the Good||100px

|align=center|1460 Second son of Nicholas I of Opole and

|align=center|3 July 1476 – 27 March 1532

|align=center|27 March 1532 aged 71–72

|- style="background:#fff"

|| Nicholas II of Niemodlin||100px

|align=center|1462 Third son of Nicholas I of Opole and

|align=center|3 July 1476 – 27 June 1497

|align=center|27 June 1497 aged 34–35

|- style="background:#def"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Brzeg returned to Legnica

|- style="background:#fff"

|colspan=8 style="text-align:center"|Opole-Racibórz annexed to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach

|- style="background:#dc8"

| Casimir II, Duke of Cieszyn||

|align=center|1449 Son of Bolesław II, Duke of Cieszyn and

|align=center|18 March 1477 – 13 December 1528

|rowspan="2"|Duchy of Cieszyn||Johanna of Poděbrady 15 February 1480 six children

|align=center|13 December 1528 Cieszyn aged 78–79

|rowspan="2"|Father and son ruled jointly. Casimir predeceased his father and never came to rule alone.

|- style="background:#dc8"

| Wenceslaus II, Duke of Cieszyn

|- style="background:#eba

|colspan="8" align="center"|Krnov annexed to Oswiecim (1510–1524) and later sold to Brandenburg (see table above)

|- style="background:#ceb

|align=center colspan="7"|Regency of (1493–1499)

|rowspan="4"|Children of John V, ruled jointly. In 1521, after the childless brothers' death, the duchy returned to Opole.

|- style="background:#ceb

| ||

|align=center|1478 First son of and

|align=center|14 April 1493 – 3 November 1506

|rowspan=3|Duchy of Racibórz

|rowspan=3|Unmarried

|align=center|3 November 1506 Kraków aged 27–28

|- style="background:#ceb

| ||

|align=center|1484 Second son of and

|align=center|14 April 1493 – December 1506

|align=center|December 1506 aged 21–22

|- style="background:#ceb

| ||

|align=center|1485 Third son of and

|align=center|14 April 1493 – 13 November 1521

|align=center|13 November 1521 Racibórz aged 35–36

|- style="background:#ceb

|colspan="8" align="center"|Racibórz reunited with Opole

Podiebrad, Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Silesia under the Podiebrad dynasty

{|align=center style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"

| colspan=3 style="background: #aed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |Part of Piast dynasty property

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #fde;" |County of Kladsko (1471–1501)

| colspan=2 rowspan="3" style="background: #aed;" |Duchy of Ziębice (1456–1569)

| colspan=1 rowspan="4" style="background: #ffc" |Duchy of Oleśnica (1498–1686)

| colspan=1 rowspan="20" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to the Hardegg family property

| colspan=1 style="background: #aed;" |

| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #def;" |Duchy of Bierutów (1536–1587)

| colspan=1 rowspan="20" style="background: #eee;" |Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire

| colspan=2 style="background: #ffc" |

Table of rulers

{| class="wikitable sticky-header"

! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes

|-style="background:#aed"

| George of Poděbrady||100px

|align=center|23 April 1420 Poděbrady Castle Son of Victor of Kunštát and Poděbrady and Anna of Wartenberg

|align=center|8 March 1456 – 22 March 1471||Duchy of Ziębice||Kunigunde of Sternberg 1441 three children Joanna of Rožmitál 1450 four children

|align=center|22 March 1471 Prague aged 50|| Also King of Bohemia.

|-style="background:#aed"

| Victor, Duke of Münsterberg||100px

|align=center|29 May 1443 Poděbrady Castle Second son of George of Poděbrady and Kunigunde of Sternberg

|align=center|22 March 1471 – 1485

||Duchy of Ziębice (at Opava; in Pszczyna until 1480)||Margaret Ptáček of Pirkstein 1463 one child 1464 three children 1480 three children

|align=center|30 August 1500 Český Těšín aged 57

|rowspan="3"|Children of George, divided their inheritance. Victor also inherited Pszczyna, but gave it to his daughter and son-in-law in 1480

|-style="background:#aed"

| Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||100px

|align=center|15 May 1448 Poděbrady Castle Third son of George of Poděbrady and Kunigunde of Sternberg

|align=center|22 March 1471 – 24 June 1498||Duchy of Ziębice||Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Münsterberg-Oels 9 September 1467 Cheb eight children

|align=center|24 June 1498 Kłodzko aged 50

|-style="background:#fde"

| Henry the Younger of Poděbrady||100px

|align=center|18 May 1452 Prague Son of George (I) and Johana of Rožmitál

|align=center|22 March 1471 – 1 July 1492||County of Kłodzko|| 26 February 1471 one child

|align=center|1 July 1492 Poděbrady Castle aged 40

|-style="background:#aed"

|align=center colspan=8|Opava annexed to Hungary

|-style="background:#fde"

|align=center colspan=8|Kłodzko briefly annexed to Ziębice

|-style="background:#aed"

| Johanna of Poděbrady||

|align=center|1463 Poděbrady Castle Daughter of Victor, Duke of Münsterberg and Margaret Ptáček of Pirkstein

|align=center|15 February 1480 – 24 July 1496

||Duchy of Ziębice (in Pszczyna)||Casimir II, Duke of Cieszyn 15 February 1480 two children

|align=center|24 July 1496 aged 32–33||She was given Pszczyna possibly at the time of her wedding with the Duke of Cieszyn.

|-style="background:#aed"

|align=center colspan=8|Pszczyna annexed to Cieszyn

|-style="background:#fde"

| Albert I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||

|align=center|3 August 1468 Kunětická hora Castle First son of Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Münsterberg-Oels

|align=center|24 June 1498 – 5 May 1501||County of Kłodzko||Salomea of Głogów-Żagań (1475–1514) 1487 one child

|align=center|12 July 1511 Prostějov aged 42

|rowspan="3"|Children of Henry I, divided their inheritance. In 1501, due to financial problems, Kłodzko was sold to the Hardegg family.

|-style="background:#ffc"

| George I of Münsterberg||

|align=center|2 October 1470 Litice Castle Second son of Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Münsterberg-Oels

|align=center|24 June 1498 – 10 November 1502||Duchy of Oleśnica||Hedwig of Głogów-Żagań (1477–1524) 7 January 1488 Głogów no children

|align=center|10 November 1502 Oleśnica aged 32

|-style="background:#aed"

| Charles I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||100px

|align=center|2/4 May 1476 Kłodzko Fourth son of Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Münsterberg-Oels

|align=center|24 June 1498 – 31 May 1536||Duchy of Ziębice||Anna of Sagan 7 January 1488 Głogów twelve children

|align=center|31 May 1536 Ząbkowice Śląskie aged 60

|-style="background:#fde"

|align=center colspan=8|Kłodzko sold to the Hardegg family

|-style="background:#ffc"

|align=center colspan=8|Oleśnica was briefly remerged in Ziębice

|-style="background:#aed"

| Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels||

|align=center|18 January 1503 Oleśnica Second son of Charles I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Anna of Sagan

|align=center|31 May 1536 – 1542||Duchy of Ziębice||Unmarried

|align=center|27 December 1562 Wrocław aged 59

|rowspan="4"|Children of Charles I divided their inheritance. In 1542, Joachim and John pledged their duchy to the Duchy of Legnica and it was then lost to Hungary; Joachim retired to the clergy. However, John, after inheriting his brother George's duchy in 1553, managed to recover the lost Ziębice in 1559.

|-style="background:#aed"

| John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||

|align=center|4 November 1509 Oleśnica Fourth son of Charles I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Anna of Sagan

|align=center|31 May 1536 – 1542 1559 – 28 February 1565||Duchy of Ziębice||Christina Catherine of Schidlowitz 20 February 1536 one child Margarete of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 September 1561 Oleśnica no children

|align=center|28 February 1565 Oleśnica aged 56

|-style="background:#def"

| Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||

|align=center|29 March 1507 Oleśnica Third son of Charles I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Anna of Sagan

|align=center|31 May 1536 – 2 August 1548||Duchy of Bierutów||Margaret of Pernštejn 7 February 1529 no children Margaret of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1515–1586) 12 November 1537 seven children

|align=center|2 August 1548 Bierutów aged 45

|-style="background:#ffc"

| George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||100px

|align=center|30 April 1512 Oleśnica Fifth son of Charles I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Anna of Sagan

|align=center|31 May 1536 – 13 January 1553||Duchy of Oleśnica||Elizabeth Kostka of Postupitz no children

|align=center|31 May 1536 Oleśnica aged 40

|-style="background:#ffc"

|align=center colspan=8|Oleśnica was briefly remerged in Ziębice

|-style="background:#def"

|colspan=7 align=center|Regency of John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (1548–1565)

|rowspan=3|Heirs of Henry II. Co-ruled jointly in Bierutów until 1569, when the death of their cousin Charles Christopher made them divide their possessions: Henry kept Bierutów, and Charles inherited Oleśnica. However, Henry was indebted and had to sell the Bierutów to the von Schindel family. Charles recovered it in 1604.

|-style="background:#def"

| Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||

|align=center|29 April 1542 Oleśnica First son of Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Margaret of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

|align=center|2 August 1548 – 1574||Duchy of Bierutów||Magdalena Meseritsch of Lomnitz no children

|align=center|10 April 1587 Oleśnica aged 44

|-style="background:#ffc"

|Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||100px

|align=center|29 March 1507 Oleśnica Fourth son of Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Margaret of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

|align=center|2 August 1548 – 28 January 1617||Duchy of Oleśnica (in Bierutów until 1574 and from 1604; in Oleśnica proper since 1569)||Catherine Berka of Dubá 17 September 1570 Moravská Třebová two children 30 September 1585 eight children

|align=center|28 January 1617 Oleśnica aged 71

|-style="background:#def"

|align=center colspan=8|Between 1574 and 1604, Bierutów belonged to the von Schindel family.

|-style="background:#aed"

| Charles Christopher||

|align=center|22 May 1545 Oleśnica Son of John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Christina Catherine of Schidlowitz

|align=center|28 February 1565 – 17 March 1569||Duchy of Ziębice||Unmarried

|align=center|17 March 1569 Oleśnica aged 23||After his death, his domains were divided; while Ziębice merged in the Holy Roman Empire, Oleśnica was inherited by the Bierutów line.

|-style="background:#aed"

|align=center colspan=8|Ziębice was annexed to the Holy Roman Empire; Oleśnica was inherited by the Bierutów line

|-style="background:#def"

|Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt||100px

|align=center|7 October 1592 Oleśnica Third son of Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and

|align=center|28 January 1617 – 21 August 1639||Duchy of Oleśnica (in Bierutów until 1574 and from 1604; in Oleśnica proper since 1569)|| 7 November 1617 Oleśnica eight children Anna Ursula of Reibnitz (1616 – 1 January 1657) 26 August 1636 (morganatic) three children

|align=center|21 August 1639 Bierutów aged 46

|rowspan="2" style="background:#ffc"|Heirs of Charles II, divided their inheritance.

|-style="background:#ffc"

| Karl Friedrich I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels||100px

|align=center|18 October 1593 Oleśnica Fourth son of Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and

|align=center|28 January 1617 – 31 May 1647||Duchy of Oleśnica|| 24 November 1618 Oleśnica one child 2 December 1642 Wrocław no children

|align=center|31 May 1647 Oleśnica aged 53

|-style="background:#def"

|align=center colspan=8|Bierutów remerged in Oleśnica

|-style="background:#ffc"

| Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels||100px

|align=center|11 May 1625 Oleśnica Daughter of Karl Friedrich I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and

|align=center|31 May 1647 – 17 March 1686||Duchy of Oleśnica||Silvius I Nimrod, Duke of Württemberg-Oels 1 May 1647 Oleśnica seven children

|align=center|17 March 1686 Oleśnica aged 60||Last heiress of the Podiebrad family. After her death, her duchy was annexed to Württemberg.

|-style="background:#ffc"

|align=center colspan=8|Oleśnica annexed to Württemberg.

The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa

Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław

1302–1319 Henry of Wiebrzno
1326–1341 Nankier
1342–1376 Przecław of Pogarell
1382–1417 Wenceslaus II of Legnica
1417–1447 Konrad IV the Elder
1447–1456 Peter II Nowak
1456–1467 Jošt of Rožmberk
1468–1482 Rudolf of Rüdesheim
1482–1506 Jan IV Roth
1506–1520 Jan V Thurzo
1520–1539 Jacob of Salza
1539–1562 Balthazar of Promnitz
1562–1574 Caspar of Logau
1574–1585 Martin Gerstmann
1585–1596 Andreas Jerin
1596–1599 Bonaventura Hahn
1599–1600 Paul Albert of Radolfzell
1600–1608 Jan VI of Sitsch
1608–1624 Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw, son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria
1625–1655 Karol Ferdynand Vasa, Duke of Opole from 1648
1656–1662 Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg
1663–1664 Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, also Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1662
1665–1671 Sebastian von Rostock
1671–1682 Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt
1683–1732 Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg
1732–1747 Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf

A major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

1747–1795 Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch
1795–1817 Joseph Christian Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein

Prussian part secularised in 1810.

1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock

Theocracy was abolished in 1850.

References

Bibliography

Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, pp. 403–407
Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, pp. 845–847

External links

Regents of Silesia on Tacitus

Duchy of Silesia

Partitions of Silesia

Lower Silesia

Upper Silesia

Piast Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Polish Silesia under the Piast dynasty

Table of rulers

Podiebrad, Dukes of Silesia

Partitions of Silesia under the Podiebrad dynasty

Table of rulers

The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa

See also

References

Bibliography

External links