Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman Emperors and kings of Spain, who claimed Burgundy proper and ruled the Burgundian Netherlands.

The Duchy of Burgundy was a small portion of the traditional lands of the Burgundians west of the river Saône which, in 843, was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of the West Franks. Under the Ancien Régime, the duke of Burgundy was the premier lay peer of the Kingdom of France. Beginning with Robert II of France (), the title was held by the Capetians, the French royal family. In 1032 King Henry I of France granted the duchy to his younger brother, Robert, who founded the House of Burgundy. When the senior line of the House of Burgundy became extinct in 1361, the title was inherited by King John II of France through proximity of blood. John granted the duchy to his younger son, Philip the Bold, in 1363. The Valois dukes gradually came to rule over a vast complex of territories known as the Burgundian State, and became dangerous rivals to the senior French royal line of the House of Valois.

When the male line of the Valois dukes of Burgundy became extinct in 1477, the Duchy of Burgundy was confiscated by Louis XI of France. The title "duke of Burgundy" passed to Habsburg monarchs after Mary of Burgundy married Maximilian I of Austria in 1477. The Habsburgs used this connection to claim Burgundy proper and to rule their Burgundian inheritance until the Napoleonic era. The title was subsequently revived for several younger sons of the House of Bourbon and since 1975, branches of it have used "duke of Burgundy" as a revived courtesy title.

List of dukes of Burgundy

Bosonid dynasty (880–956)

The first margrave (marchio), later duke (dux), of Burgundy was Richard of the House of Ardennes, whose duchy was created from the merging of several regional counties of the kingdom of Provence which had belonged to his brother Boso. Richard was the son of Eccard of Macon and Richildis of Arles, Boso the son of Bivin of Gorze and Richildis of Arles.

His descendants and their relatives by marriage ruled the duchy until its annexation over a century later by the French crown, their suzerain.

Richard the Justiciar (880–921)
Rudolph (921–923), then King of the Franks
Hugh the Black (923–952)
Gilbert (952–956)

Robertian dynasty (956–1002)

Otto (956–965)
Eudes Henry the Great (965–1002)

House of Ivrea (1002–1004)

Otto William (1002–1004)

House of Capet (1004–1032)

In 1004, Burgundy was annexed by the king, of the House of Capet. Otto William continued to rule what would come to be called the Free County of Burgundy. His descendants formed another House of Ivrea.

Robert (1004–1016) (also king of the Franks as Robert II)
Henry (1016–1032) (also king of the Franks as Henry I)

House of Burgundy (1032–1361)

Robert, son of Robert II of France, received the Duchy as a peace settlement, having disputed the succession to the throne of France with his brother Henry.

{| width=95% class="wikitable"

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|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Robert I the Old (Robert Ier le Vieux) ||align="center"| 1011 ||align="center"| 1032 ||align="center" colspan=2| 21 March 1076 ||align="center" colspan=2| Younger son of Robert II of France.

|align=center| ||align=center| Hugh I (Hugues Ier) ||align="center"| 1057 ||align="center"| 21 March 1076 ||align="center" | 1079||align="center" | 29 August 1093 ||align="center" colspan=2| Eldest son of Henry of Burgundy, grandson of Robert I. Abdicated in favour of his younger brother, Odo.

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Odo I Borel the Red (Eudes Ier Borel le Roux) ||align="center"| 1058 ||align="center"| 1079 ||align="center" colspan=2| 23 March 1103 ||align="center" colspan=2| Younger brother of Hugh I.

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Hugh II (Hugues II) ||align="center"| 1084 ||align="center"| 23 March 1103 ||align="center" colspan=2| 1143 ||align="center" colspan=2| Son of Odo I

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Odo II (Eudes II) ||align="center"| 1118 ||align="center"| 1143 ||align="center" colspan=2| 27 June/27 September 1162 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Hugh II|| rowspan="8" align="center" | 70px

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Hugh III (Hugues III) ||align="center"| 1142 ||align="center"| 27 June/27 September 1162 ||align="center" colspan=2| 25 August 1192 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Odo II

|align=center| 80px||align=center| Odo III (Eudes III) ||align="center"| 1166 ||align="center"| 25 August 1192 ||align="center" colspan=2| 6 July 1218 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Hugh III

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Hugh IV (Hugues IV) ||align="center"| 9 March 1213 ||align="center"| 6 July 1218 ||align="center" colspan=2| 27 October 1272 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Odo III

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Robert II (Robert II) ||align="center"| 1248 ||align="center"| 27 October 1271 ||align="center" colspan=2| 21 March 1306 ||align="center"| Eldest surviving son of Hugh IV.

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Hugh V (Hugues V) ||align="center"| 1282 ||align="center"| 21 March 1306 ||align="center" colspan=2| 9 May 1315 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Robert II.

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Odo IV (Eudes IV) ||align="center"| 1295 ||align="center"| 9 May 1315 ||align="center" colspan=2| 3 April 1350 ||align="center"| Younger brother of Hugh V.

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Philip I of Rouvres (Philippe Ier de Rouvres) ||align="center"| 1346 ||align="center"| 3 April 1350 ||align="center" colspan=2| 21 November 1361 ||align="center"| Grandson of Odo IV.

House of Valois-Burgundy (1361–1482)

On 28 December 1361 John II of France, the second Valois king, successfully claimed the duchy after the death of Philip, the last Capet duke.

In January 1362 he had appointed Henri of Bar, Lord of Pierrefort, as the initial governor, but as early as January 25, 1362, John appointed John of Melun, Count of Tancarville as governor of Burgundy.

John then passed the duchy to his youngest son Philip as an apanage in 1363.

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|align=center| 80px ||align=center| John II the Good (Jean II le Bon) ||align="center"| 26 April 1319 ||align="center"| 28 December 1361 (Charles I le Téméraire) || align="center" | 21 November 1433 ||align="center"| 15 June 1467 ||align="center" colspan=2| 5 January 1477 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Philip the Good

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Mary the Rich ||align="center"| 13 February 1457 ||align="center"| 5 January 1477 ||align="center" colspan=2| 27 March 1482 ||align="center"| Only daughter of Charles the Bold

Family tree

<imagemap>Image:BurgundyDukes.png

rect 174 129 324 169 Richard of Autun

rect 407 138 521 166 Adelaide of Auxerre

rect 90 189 184 214 Rainier II of Hainaut

rect 219 189 271 213 Adelaide of Burgundy

rect 322 191 422 216 Hugh the Black

rect 500 189 534 206 Willa of Burgundy

rect 571 189 705 206 Hugh of Vienne

rect 198 244 242 274 Emma of Paris

rect 4 235 151 282 Rudolph of France

rect 411 218 484 245 Ermengarde of Burgundy

rect 543 215 730 240 Gilbert of Chalon

rect 254 265 339 312 Hugh the Great

rect 366 255 505 283 Lietaud of Macon

rect 355 288 517 316 Robert of Vermandois

rect 60 335 152 379 Hugh Capet

rect 460 329 545 362 Otto, Duke of Burgundy

rect 589 328 708 362 Liutgard of Chalon

rect 296 374 385 403 Otto-Henry of Burgundy

rect 527 377 605 403 Adelbert II of Italy

rect 27 388 176 421 Robert II of France

rect 450 415 545 458 Otto-William of Burgundy

rect 6 461 151 521 Henry I Capet

rect 156 478 241 494 Hélie of Semur

rect 313 473 419 507 Robert I, Duke of Burgundy

rect 494 475 600 506 Ermengarde of Anjou

rect 420 528 491 557 Hildegard of Burgundy

rect 528 516 641 563 William VIII of Aquitaine

rect 16 542 101 570 Hugh of Burgundy (1034–1059)

rect 337 553 404 581 Constance of Burgundy

rect 457 557 570 584 Alfonso VI of Castile

rect 13 643 101 688 Robert of Burgundy, Bishop of Langres

rect 111 645 201 688 Renauld of Burgundy, abbot of St. Pierre

rect 244 644 295 671 Beatrice of Burgundy (born 1063)

rect 330 644 379 673 Guy I of Vignory

rect 408 644 470 673 Hélie of Burgundy (born 1061)

rect 511 644 621 692 Henry, Count of Portugal

rect 639 644 736 692 Theresa, Countess of Portugal

rect 583 699 688 746 Alfonso I of Portugal

rect 35 712 94 745 Sybille of Nevers

rect 147 703 293 748 Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy

rect 291 710 408 743 Sybille of Burgundy (1065–1103)

rect 445 710 547 741 Eudes I of Burgundy

rect 155 761 252 793 Bertrand of Toulouse

rect 281 760 350 792 Hélie of Burgundy

rect 419 761 501 792 Henry of Burgundy (1083–1131)

rect 533 761 601 792 Florine of Burgundy

rect 639 761 724 792 Sweyn the Crusader

rect 119 801 236 834 Matilda of Mayenne

rect 329 800 434 830 Hugh II of Burgundy

rect 36 848 111 880 Aremburge of Burgundy

rect 120 848 170 880 Ducissa of Burgundy

rect 199 848 299 894 Raymond of Grignon

rect 357 845 415 877 Clemence of Burgundy

rect 433 848 492 880 Henry III of Donzy

rect 512 848 598 893 Henry of Burgundy, Bishop of Autun

rect 602 855 692 887 Hugh the Red

rect 49 884 127 916 Roger II of Sicily

rect 147 886 216 917 Sybille of Burgundy

rect 307 891 432 938 Gauthier of Burgundy

rect 474 898 542 931 Aigeline of Burgundy

rect 562 900 652 931 Hugh I of Vaudemont

rect 653 888 737 932 Robert of Burgundy, Bishop of Autun

rect 4 921 72 951 Matilda of Burgundy

rect 105 921 211 951 William VII of Montpellier

rect 251 956 357 986 Eudes II of Burgundy

rect 414 956 496 984 Marie of Champagne (1128–1190)

rect 215 1004 282 1032 Alice of Burgundy (1146–1192)

rect 357 1004 492 1032 Mahaut of Limais

rect 528 1004 623 1032 Robert IV of Auvergne

rect 107 1043 203 1068 Beatrice d'Albon

rect 271 1043 374 1068 Hugh III of Burgundy

rect 446 1043 543 1068 Alice of Lorraine

rect 5 1085 125 1118 Amadeo IV of Savoy

rect 160 1085 227 1118 Marguerite of Burgundy

rect 274 1093 399 1126 Beatrice of Montferrat

rect 439 1088 562 1131 Guigues VI of Viennois

rect 563 1088 631 1117 Mahaut of Burgundy

rect 645 1074 736 1121 John, Count of Chalon

rect 70 1141 132 1173 Simon I of Semur

rect 167 1143 260 1175 Marie-Ducissa of Burgundy

rect 291 1146 340 1175 Alice of Burgundy (born 1177)

rect 379 1144 467 1175 Bernard VII of Mercœur

rect 478 1145 576 1190 Alexander of Montagu

rect 610 1156 706 1176 Beatrice of Rion

rect 11 1186 172 1217 Infanta Teresa, Countess of Flanders

rect 222 1186 326 1217 Eudes III of Burgundy

rect 371 1186 453 1217 Alice of Vergy

rect 76 1227 151 1261 Humbert III de Thoire

rect 189 1227 246 1261 Beatrice of Burgundy (born 1216)

rect 287 1230 358 1262 Joanna of Burgundy

rect 402 1229 520 1261 Raoul II of Lusignan

rect 521 1229 586 1261 Alice of Burgundy (1204–1266)

rect 618 1229 713 1259 Robert I of Clermont

rect 25 1264 163 1312 Beatrice of Navarre, Duchess of Burgundy

rect 214 1273 319 1305 Hugh IV of Burgundy

rect 373 1277 483 1309 Yolande de Dreux (1212–1248)

rect 58 1323 163 1367 Isabelle of Burgundy

rect 204 1331 336 1367 Rudolf I of Habsburg

rect 346 1324 436 1369 Hugh, Viscount of Avallon

rect 469 1328 534 1359 Maguerite of Chalon

rect 535 1325 620 1367 Beatrice, Lady of Grignon

rect 662 1326 729 1370 Hugh VIII of La Marche

rect 89 1382 162 1413 Alice of Burgundy (1233–1273)

rect 193 1382 287 1413 Henry III of Brabant

rect 324 1382 487 1413 Marguerite, Lady of Molinot

rect 528 1380 608 1406 William III of Mont-St. Jean

rect 425 1414 545 1443 Maud of Dampierre

rect 605 1407 721 1444 Eudes of Nevers and Auxerre

rect 445 1451 519 1487 Joanna of Burgundy (1253–1271)

rect 548 1454 617 1485 Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Sicily

rect 652 1452 737 1485 Charles I of Naples

rect 466 1489 600 1535 Yolande of Burgundy

rect 320 1495 416 1528 Jean Tristan of France

rect 637 1499 737 1530 Robert III of Flanders

rect 30 1437 101 1467 John of Burgundy (1231–1268)

rect 146 1431 262 1474 Agnes of Dampierre

rect 21 1480 117 1522 Beatrice of Burgundy, Dame de Bourbon

rect 160 1480 270 1525 Robert, Count of Clermont

rect 88 1526 195 1544 Duke of Bourbon

rect 263 1535 368 1566 Robert II of Burgundy

rect 430 1536 581 1566 Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy

rect 18 1632 84 1664 Joanna of Burgundy (1290–1317)

rect 132 1628 211 1672 Philip VI of France

rect 55 1283 139 1626 Robert of Tonnerre

rect 178 1589 246 1622 Joanna of Tonnerre

rect 217 1629 320 1659 Hugh V of Burgundy

rect 355 1579 423 1609 Blanche of Burgundy (1288–1348)

rect 456 1579 513 1609 Edward of Savoy

rect 469 1622 552 1652 Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France

rect 357 1616 435 1663 Louis X of France

rect 536 1579 617 1621 Louis of Burgundy

rect 657 1577 727 1623 Matilda of Hainault

rect 296 1672 398 1702 Eudes IV of Burgundy

rect 571 1667 675 1699 Jeanne III, Countess of Burgundy

rect 583 1626 668 1656 Philip V of France

rect 9 1705 110 1765 Joan I, Countess of Auvergne

rect 182 1714 295 1759 Philip of Burgundy, Count of Auvergne

rect 74 1770 144 1801 Joan I, Countess of Auvergne#Issue

rect 153 1771 220 1801 Joan I, Countess of Auvergne#Issue

rect 228 1770 351 1817 Philip I of Burgundy

rect 391 1770 557 1814 Marguerite III of Dampierre

rect 617 1714 705 1744 John II of France

rect 604 1769 720 1817 Philip II of Burgundy

rect 3 1854 90 1886 Amadeo VIII of Savoy

rect 126 1855 194 1886 Mary of Burgundy (1386–1422)

rect 222 1857 293 1888 Catherine of Burgundy

rect 330 1857 424 1888 Leopold IV, Duke of Austria

rect 442 1857 552 1903 Philip II, Count of Nevers

rect 586 1857 658 1904 Bonne of Artois

rect 7 1906 107 1939 Jeanne of Saint-Pol

rect 141 1893 269 1940 Anthony, Duke of Brabant

rect 307 1893 391 1939 Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg

rect 463 1906 577 1939 William II, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing

rect 632 1908 705 1939 Marguerite of Burgundy (1374–1441)

rect 376 1941 488 1988 John the Fearless

rect 139 1949 314 1982 Margaret of Bavaria-Straubing

rect 3 1993 85 2024 Adolph I, Duke of Cleves

rect 127 1994 192 2027 Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves

rect 232 1994 299 2027 Anne of Burgundy

rect 340 1994 412 2027 John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford

rect 515 1996 585 2027 Agnes of Burgundy

rect 629 1996 721 2027 Charles the Bold

rect 32 2029 123 2075 Louis, Duke of Guyenne

rect 153 2032 274 2074 Margaret of Nevers

rect 306 2040 402 2072 Arthur III of Brittany

rect 189 2077 308 2122 Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy

rect 366 2074 494 2121 Philip the Good

rect 554 2041 648 2074 Bonne of Artois

rect 559 2076 670 2124 Michelle of Valois

rect 203 2134 272 2164 Antoine of Burgundy

rect 276 2134 324 2164 Joseph of Burgundy

rect 317 2167 439 2217 Charles I of Burgundy

rect 505 2137 601 2166 Margaret of York

rect 497 2168 612 2215 Catherine of Valois

rect 139 2185 256 2217 Isabelle of Bourbon

rect 224 2222 450 2266 Mary of Burgundy

rect 411 2222 559 2266 Maximilian I of Habsburg

</imagemap>

House of Habsburg (1482–1700)

In 1477, the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by France. In the same year, Mary married Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, giving the Habsburgs control of the remainder of the Burgundian Inheritance.

Although the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy itself remained in the hands of France, the Habsburgs remained in control of the title of Duke of Burgundy and the other parts of the Burgundian inheritance, notably the Low Countries and the Free County of Burgundy in the Holy Roman Empire as well as the County of Charolais in France. They often used the term Burgundy to refer to it (e.g. in the name of the Imperial Circle it was grouped into), until the late 18th century, when the Austrian Netherlands were lost to the French Republic. The Habsburgs also continued to claim Burgundy proper until the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529, when they surrendered their claim in exchange for French recognition of Imperial sovereignty over Flanders and Artois.

Maximilian I (1477–1482 with his wife; regent 1482–1494)
Philip IV the Handsome (; ), titular Duke of Burgundy as Philip IV (1482–1506)
Charles II (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and King Charles I of Spain) 1506–1555

{| width=95% class="wikitable"

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|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Philip IV the Handsome (Philippe IV le Beau) ||align="center"| 22 July 1478 ||align="center"| 22 February 1482 ||align="center" colspan=2| 25 September 1506 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Duchess Mary by Maximilian of Habsburg ||align=center| 70px

|align=center| 80px ||align=center| Charles II ||align="center"| 24 February 1500 ||align="center"| 25 September 1506 ||align="center" | 16 January 1556||align="center" | 21 September 1558 ||align="center"| Eldest son of Philip the Handsome. Also Charles I of Aragon and Castile, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V||align=center| 70px

Philip V (King Philip II of Spain) 1556–1598
Isabella I (infanta Isabella Clara of Spain) and Albert I (Albert VII of Austria) (jure uxoris) 1598–1621
Philip VI (King Philip IV of Spain) 1621–1665
Charles III (King Charles II of Spain) 1665–1700

House of Bourbon, claimants of the title (1682–1761)

Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1682–1712)
Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)

House of Habsburg (1713–1918)

Charles IV (Emperor Charles VI) 1713–1740
Maria Theresa 1740–1780
Joseph (Emperor Joseph II) 1780–1790
Leopold (Emperor Leopold II) 1790–1792
Francis (Emperor Francis II) 1792–1795/1835
Ferdinand (Emperor Ferdinand I) (1835–1848 titular only)
Franz Joseph (Emperor Franz Joseph I) (1848–1916 titular only)
Charles V (Emperor Charles I) (1916–1918 titular only later renounced)

House of Bourbon, revived title (1975–present)

King Juan Carlos I of Spain (1975–2014)
King Felipe VI of Spain (2014–present) – the title is one of the titles of the Spanish Crown
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma (Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain as "Enrique V", 1977–present) – the title is one of the titles of the Spanish Crown. He is considered the legitimate successor to the Catholic Monarchy of the Spains as heir to Infante Carlos María Isidro ("Carlos V").
Louis, Dauphin of France (2010–present) – the title is used by eldest son of the Legitimist claimant to the French throne, Prince Louis, Duke of Anjou ("Louis XX").

Duke of Burgundy

List of dukes of Burgundy

Bosonid dynasty (880–956)

Robertian dynasty (956–1002)

House of Ivrea (1002–1004)

House of Capet (1004–1032)

House of Burgundy (1032–1361)

House of Valois-Burgundy (1361–1482)

Family tree

House of Habsburg (1482–1700)

House of Bourbon, claimants of the title (1682–1761)

House of Habsburg (1713–1918)

House of Bourbon, revived title (1975–present)

See also

References

Further reading