Donald Marshall Jr.

Donald Marshall Jr. (13 September 1953 – 6 August 2009) was a Miꞌkmaw man who was wrongly convicted of murder. The case inspired a number of questions about the fairness of the Canadian justice system, especially given that Marshall was Aboriginal; as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation put it, "The name Donald Marshall is almost synonymous with 'wrongful conviction' and the fight for native justice in Canada." The case inspired the Michael Harris book, Justice Denied: The Law Versus Donald Marshall and the subsequent film Justice Denied. His father, Donald Marshall Sr., was grand chief of the Mi'kmaq Nation at the time.

Early life

Marshall was born on 13 September 1953 on the Membertou First Nation in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He was the oldest of 13 children of Donald Marshall Sr., the Grand Chief of the Mi'kmaq, and his wife Caroline Googoo.

Wrongful conviction

Marshall was sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering his acquaintance Sandy Seale in 1971. Marshall, a Mi'kmaq, and Seale, a boy of African descent, both 17 years old, had been walking around Wentworth Park in Sydney, Nova Scotia during the late evening with the intent to "roll a drunk" as stated in his trial. They confronted and panhandled A witness came forward to say he had seen another man stab Seale, and several prior witness statements pinpointing Marshall were recanted. In this appeal, which acquitted him of the previous murder charge, Marshall was assumed to have lied in his first trial about his and Seale's activities on the night of Seale's death. The accusation was that he and Seale had actually approached Ebsary with the intention of robbing him when they were in the park that night. Ebsary was subsequently tried and convicted of manslaughter. When Marshall's conviction was overturned, the presiding judge placed some blame on Marshall for the miscarriage of justice, calling him "the author of his own misfortune." This was viewed as a "serious and fundamental error" by the Royal Commission report. Anne Derrick, Q.C., well-known social justice advocate lawyer, worked as Marshall's counsel, and Order of Canada recipient Clayton Ruby was co-counsel for Marshall, along with Anne Derrick, during the 1989 Royal Commission on Marshall's prosecution.

The Crown Counsel's failure to provide full disclosure (contradictory and coerced statements by witnesses, because they thought the evidence not provided had no bearing in the case) brought about changes in the Canadian rules of evidence regarding disclosure. The prosecution must provide full disclosure without determination on what may be useful to the defense (that is the defense's duty to decide).

Compensation and aftermath

A separate Royal Commission in 1990, headed by Justice Gregory T. Evans, concluded in June of that year to increase Marshall’s compensation from to a lifetime pension of . The treaty right was established, and Marshall was acquitted.

In 2008, Marshall faced charges of assault against his wife, uttering threats against his wife and her ex-husband and breach of an undertaking.

Death

Marshall died 6 August 2009, in Sydney, Nova Scotia, from complications of a 2003 lung transplant.

Legacy

The Membertou First Nation unveiled a statue to honour Marshall in 2010 outside the Membertou Trade and Convention Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia.

Daniel N. Paul has suggested renaming the Cornwallis Square in Halifax, Nova Scotia the Donald Marshall Jr. Memorial Park and replacing the statue of Edward Cornwallis with one of Donald Marshall Jr.