thumb|The [[Novocherkassk Cathedral|Don Metropolitan Cathedral, Novocherkassk in 1905.]]
thumb|Map of 1816
Don Host Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Russian Empire which consisted of the territory of the Don Cossacks, coinciding approximately with present-day Rostov Oblast in Russia. Its administrative center was Cherkassk, and later Novocherkassk.
It comprised the areas where the Don Cossack Host settled in the Russian Empire. From 1786, the territory was officially named Don Host Land (), renamed Don Host Oblast in 1870.
During 1914, the oblast, with an area of 164,000 km², had about 3.9 million inhabitants.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Russian
|1,712,898
|66.8
|858,601
|854,297
|-----
|Ukrainian
|719,655
|28.0
|366,482
|353,173
|-----
|German
|34,855
|1.36
|17,775
|17,080
|-----
|Kalmyk
|32,283
|1.25
|16,689
|15,594
|-----
|Armenian
|27,234
|1.06
|13,971
|13,263
|-----
|Jewish
|15,121
|0.59
|7,448
|7,673
|-----
|Belarusian
|9,158
|0.35
|5,033
|4,125
|-----
|Polish
|3,316
|0.13
|1,971
|1,345
|-----
|Tatar
|2,978
|0.11
|2,122
|856
|-----
|Greek
|2,255
|0.08
|1,486
|769
|-----
|Gypsy
|1,267
|0.05
|650
|617
|-----
|Other
|3218
|0.12
|2092
|1126
|-----
|Total
|2,564,238
|100.0
|1,294,320
|1,269,918
|+
|}