Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)) is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated from the Late Miocene of central Myanmar. Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere. originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis Early Pleistocene, South China.
- †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis <small>Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008</small> Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar. Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.
Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:
Transferred to Stephanorhinus (synonym of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis)
Transferred to Dihoplus
- Dicerorhinus megarhinus
- Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
- Dicerorhinus ringstroemi
Transferred to Caementodon
- Dicerorhinus caucasicus
Transferred to Lartetotherium
- Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
- Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976
Transferred to Rusingaceros
- Dicerorhinus leakeyi
Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021)
Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species.
References
- Groves, Colin P., and Fred Kurt (1972). "Dicerorhinus sumatrensis". Mammalian Species (21): 1–6.
- "A new species of Dicerorhinus (Rhinocerotidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Myanmar"