Desulfobacterales are an order of sulfate-reducing bacteria within the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria. The bacteria in this order are strict anaerobic respirators, using sulfate or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. Desulfobacterales can degrade ethanol, molecular hydrogen, organic acids, and small hydrocarbons. They have a wide ecological range and play important environmental roles in symbiotic relationships and nutrient cycling.
Habitat
Desulfobacterales are found globally and often in extreme environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs, marine sediment, and solfataric fields, an area of volcanic venting that gives off sulfurous gases.
Symbiotic relationships
Sulfate-reduction by Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae in coastal marine sediments plays an important role in molecular hydrogen cycling through a close relationship with fermenting microorganisms. Fermenting microbes break down organic materials on the seafloor and produce molecular oxygen and organic acids. Molecular hydrogen is an essential electron donor used by Desulfobacterales; they use the molecular hydrogen produced by fermentation to drive sulfate reduction. This feedback loop maintains molecular hydrogen at an energetically favorable level for fermenting respiration and provides ample molecular hydrogen for sulfate reduction. Desulfobacterales are important in nitrogen pollution mitigation in coastal mangrove ecosystems through nitrate reduction. Nitrate is reduced by Desulfobacterales species via dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction accounts for roughly 75.7–85.9% of nitrate reduction in mangrove ecosystems. and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
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See also
- List of bacterial orders
- List of bacteria genera