Demographics of the United Kingdom

|minor_ethnic =

| official = English

| spoken = ScotsIrishScottish GaelicWelshCornishManx

The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at 69.5 million in 2025. It is the 21st most populated country in the world and has a population density of , with England having significantly greater density than Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. is attributable to universal state education, introduced at the primary level in 1870 (Scotland 1872, free 1890) and at the secondary level in 1900. Parents are obliged to have their children educated from the ages of 5 to 16 years. In England, 16–17-year olds should remain in education, employment or training in the form of A-Levels, vocational training, and apprenticeships, until the age of 18.

The United Kingdom's population is predominantly White British (75.98% at the 2021 Census), but due to migration mostly from Commonwealth nations, Britain has become ethnically diverse. The second and third largest non-white racial groups are Asian British at 8.6% of the population, followed by Black British people at 3.71%.

The main language of the United Kingdom is British English. Scots is widely spoken in many parts of Scotland, as is Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic language. Cornish and Irish have been revived to a limited degree in Cornwall and Northern Ireland, but the predominant language in all these areas is English. Welsh is widely spoken as a first language in parts of North and West Wales, and to lesser extent in South East Wales, where English is the dominant first language.

History

Before the census, 200–1800

Roman Britain had an estimated population between 2.8 million and 3 million at the end of the second century AD. At the end of the fourth century, it had an estimated population of 3.6 million, of whom 125,000 consisted of the Roman army and their families and dependents. The urban population of Roman Britain was about 240,000 people at the end of the fourth century.

Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain, Germanic tribes from continental Europe such as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes began a period of significant migration to the southeastern part of the island, notably bringing their language, Old English. Nevertheless, the overall population is believed to have fallen precipitously due to political upheavals and plagues. By the time of the compilation of the Domesday Book in the eleventh century, there may have between 1.25 and 2 million people living in England. Though the Domesday Book did not count the English population, it has been regarded as one of the first attempts to produce a census of the country.

Between the years of 1086 and 1750, the English population fluctuated in size due to civil war, famines and plagues.

In Scotland, population growth was not to the same extent as it was in England, which resulted in being significantly lower in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, which is often ascribed to similar factors halting it such as a high mortality rate, especially for infants, and later marriage and childbearing patterns. England's population was 8.3 million, Wales' population was 0.6 million, and Scotland had a population of 1.6 million. Since 1801, a census has been conducted almost every decade. In Ireland, it was conducted for the first time in 1821. having doubled in the space of 40 years. Ireland had 8.2 million and Scotland had 2.6 million. General mortality was thought to have declined as well, especially after 1850. This, as well as an increased birth rate, caused the English population to sustain itself in the second phase of the transition from 1750 to 1870.

Mass emigration became entrenched as a result of the famine, and Ireland's population decreased rapidly, from 8.2 million in 1841 to 3.2 million in 1901. This massive population collapse did not affect Northern Ireland to the same extent, as it was more industrialised and urbanised. While the Northern Ireland population declined, it recovered by the beginning of the 20th century.

Modern century, 2000–present

By the beginning of the 21st century, the population of the United Kingdom was 59,113,000 people. In each constituent nation, the population of England was 49,449,700, Scotland had a population of 5,064,200, Wales had a population of 2,910,200 and Northern Ireland a population of 1,689,300. At the last recorded population estimate, it was estimated that the UK population was at a total of 67,081,234 people.

There are 13 urban areas that exceed 500,000 inhabitants: they are centred on London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds and Bradford, Southampton and Portsmouth, Sheffield, Liverpool, Leicester, Manchester, Belfast, Bristol, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Nottingham.

thumb|294x294px|The total number of registered deaths, 1838 to 2018

Population by constituent country

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"

|+Population distribution across the UK

! class="unsortable" rowspan=2| Constituent country

! colspan=2|Population (mid-2024)

! colspan=2|Area

! data-sort-type="number" rowspan=2| Population density (per km2 (per mi2))

! Numbers

! class="unsortable" | % of UK

! data-sort-type="number" | (km2 (mi2))

! % of UK

| style="text-align:left;" | England

| 58,620,100 ||

| style="text-align:left;" | Scotland

| 5,546,900 ||

| style="text-align:left;" | Wales

| 3,186,600 ||

| style="text-align:left;" | Northern Ireland

| 1,927,900 ||

|- class="sortbottom"

| style="text-align:left;" | United Kingdom

| 69,281,400 ||

| ||

File:Population of England over time.svg|England

File:Population of Scotland over time.svg|Scotland

File:Population of Wales over time.svg|Wales

File:Population of NI over time.svg|Northern Ireland

</gallery>

Population change over time

thumb|upright=1.3|250x450px|Population change in England, Wales and Northern Ireland from 2011 to 2021 and 2011 to 2022 in Scotland

The following table shows the total UK population estimated at census dates. Pre 1901 figures include the whole of Ireland, whereas from 1901 onwards only the population of Northern Ireland is included.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"

|+ United Kingdom population at census dates

! rowspan="2" | Intercensal period

! rowspan="2" | Population at start of period

! colspan="5" | Average annual numbers of

! rowspan="2" | Population density at start of period (per km2)

! Overall change

! Births

! Deaths

! Net natural change

! Net migration etc.

| 18511861

| 27,368,800

| 154,910

| 87

| 18611871

| 28,917,900

| 256,680

| 92

| 18711881

| 31,484,700

| 344,980

| 100

| 18811891

| 34,934,500

| 286,790

| 111

| 18911901

| 37,802,400

| 373,580

| 120

| 19011911

| 38,237,000

| 385,000

| 1,091,000

| 624,000

| 467,000

| −82,000

| 156

| 19111921

| 42,082,000

| 195,000

| 975,000

| 689,000

| 286,000

| −92,000

| 172

| 19211931

| 44,027,000

| 201,000

| 824,000

| 555,000

| 268,000

| −67,000

| 180

| 19311951

| 46,038,000

| 213,000

| 793,000

| 603,000

| 190,000

| 22,000

| 188

| 19511961

| 50,225,000

| 258,000

| 839,000

| 593,000

| 246,000

| 12,000

| 205

| 19611971

| 52,807,000

| 312,000

| 962,000

| 638,000

| 324,000

| −12,000

| 216

| 19711981

| 55,928,000

| 42,000

| 736,000

| 666,000

| 69,000

| −27,000

| 229

| 19811991

| 56,357,000

| 108,000

| 757,000

| 655,000

| 103,000

| 5,000

| 231

| 19912001

| 57,439,000

| 161,000

| 731,000

| 631,000

| 100,000

| 61,000

| 235

| 20012011

| 59,113,000

| 324,000

| 722,000

| 588,000

| 134,000

| 191,000

| 242

| 20112021

| 63,285,100

| 370,000

| 755,000

| 605,000

| 150,000

| 220,000

| 259

| 20212031

| 67,026,300

| 274

Population density calculated on:

Pre–1901: 243,820 km2 total land area for the current United Kingdom plus 70,273 km2 land area of the current Republic of Ireland.
Post–1901: its current boundaries.

Future projections

thumb|upright=1.3|Population projections from the UN for the United Kingdom to 2100

The UK government first began publishing population projections for the country in the 1920s under the Government Actuary's Department (GAD) which were mainly produced to be used for long-term financial estimates for pensions and other schemes of social insurance. However, since the Second World War, population projections have taken an expanded role in all areas of influencing government policy. The GAD produced population projections every year from 1955 to 1979 and then switched it to every 2 years up to 1991. The Office for National Statistics took control of producing population projections for the country in 2006.

Fertility

thumb|upright=1.3|Total fertility rate of the United Kingdom from 1541 to 2019

thumb|upright=1.3|250px|Total fertility rate of the United Kingdom across local authorities in 2021

Since 1838 it has been compulsory to register a birth or death in the United Kingdom. However, it is possible to estimate the total fertility rate (TFR) from 1541 onwards. This transition represents the change in reproductive strategy from how many children a mother 'needs' to how many she 'wants', and a substitution of quality over quantity in the offspring produced. From the 1880s onwards, the birth rate began to decline rapidly from its previous levels. The Industrial Revolution led to large scale movements of people to high density urban population centres; income per capita rose significantly especially in the last half of the 19th century, while economic growth improved the livelihoods of the working and middle classes. This growth in the standard of living led also reduced mortality rates (which had been in decline since the early 18th century) and especially in infant mortality. due to World War One and sank to 2.03 children. However, by 1973, the fertility rate of the country again dropped below replacement levels, and has continued to decline until the present day.

In 2012, the UK's total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.92 children per woman, below the replacement rate, which in the UK is 2.075. In 2001, the TFR was at a record low of 1.63, but it then increased every year until it reached a peak of 1.96 in 2008, before decreasing again. In Scotland however TFR was lower: it decreased from 1.75 in 2010 to 1.67 in 2012.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Development of family size distribution (percentages)

At the start of the 21st century, the life expectancy at birth was 77.8 years. Potential factors behind this may be austerity measures imposed in the beginning of the 2010s, which coincidentally since then mortality rates have slowed down in decline or older people dying off at faster rates than expected.

!1543

!1548

!1553

!1558

!1563

!1568

!1573

!1578

!1583

!1588

!1593

!1603

!1608

!1613

!1618

!1623

!1628

!1633

|33.9

|38.8

|39.6

|22.4

|36.7

|39.7

|41.1

|41.6

|42.7

|37.1

|38.1

|38.5

|39.6

|36.8

|40.3

|33.4

|39.7

| colspan="18" |

!1638

!1643

!1648

!1653

!1658

!1663

!1668

!1673

!1678

!1683

!1688

!1693

!1698

!1703

!1713

!1718

!1723

!1728

|34.0

|36.3

|39.7

|39.1

|33.0

|33.3

|33.5

|37.4

|32.4

|31.3

|35.9

|36.5

|38.1

|38.5

|36.9

|35.8

|35.5

|25.3

| colspan="18" |

!1733

!1738

!1743

!1748

!1753

!1758

!1763

!1768

!1773

!1778

!1783

!1788

!1793

!1798

!1803

!1808

!1813

!1818

|36.3

|35.3

|34.3

|36.5

|39.8

|38.1

|35.4

|36.2

|39.1

|37.7

|35.8

|39.0

|37.9

|38.9

|40.0

|40.6

|41.3

|40.8

| colspan="18" |

!1823

!1828

!1833

!1838

!1842

!1843

!1844

!1845

!1846

!1847

!1848

!1849

!1850

!1851

!1852

!1853

!1854

!1855

|40.5

|41.4

|40.9

|40.6

|41.0

|41.6

|41.2

|42.2

|40.2

|38.5

|39.9

|37.7

|42.8

|41.0

|40.4

|40.0

|39.5

|40.7

| colspan="18" |

!1856

!1857

!1858

!1859

!1860

!1861

!1862

!1863

!1864

!1865

!1866

!1867

!1868

!1869

!1870

!1871

!1872

!1873

|42.5

|40.9

|39.5

|40.4

|41.9

|41.6

|42.1

|40.4

|39.6

|39.8

|40.1

|42.0

|41.7

|41.3

|40.6

|41.1

|42.7

|43.3

| colspan="18" |

!1874

!1875

!1876

!1877

!1878

!1879

!1880

!1881

!1882

!1883

!1884

!1885

!1886

!1887

!1888

!1889

!1890

!1891

|42.1

|41.5

|42.7

|43.7

|42.0

|43.5

|43.0

|45.1

|44.0

|43.6

|44.6

|45.1

|46.3

|45.9

|44.1

|44.4

| colspan="18" |

!1892

!1893

!1894

!1895

!1896

!1897

!1898

!1899

!1900

!1901

!1902

!1903

!1904

!1905

!1906

!1907

!1908

!1909

|45.6

|44.7

|48.3

|45.4

|47.1

|46.4

|46.1

|45.2

|45.6

|46.9

|48.3

|49.5

|48.1

|49.9

|49.6

|50.6

|51.0

|51.7

| colspan="18" |

!1910

!1911

!1912

!1913

!1914

!1915

!1916

!1917

!1918

!1919

!1920

!1921

!1922

!1923

!1924

!1925

!1926

!1927

|53.3

|51.2

|54.3

|53.4

|53.2

|51.2

|54.2

|47.3

|54.3

|57.3

|58.1

|57.0

|59.3

|58.1

|58.4

|59.6

|59.0

| colspan="18" |

!1928

!1929

!1930

!1931

!1932

!1933

!1934

!1935

!1936

!1937

!1938

!1939

!1940

!1941

!1942

!1943

!1944

!1945

|59.9

|57.6

|60.8

|60.0

|60.5

|60.6

|61.3

|62.0

|61.8

|62.3

|63.2

|63.6

|60.9

|61.4

|64.0

|64.8

|65.8

| colspan="18" |

!1946

!1947

!1948

!1949

!1950

| colspan="13" rowspan="2" |

|66.3

|68.4

|68.1

|68.6

| colspan="18" |

! colspan="3" |1950–55

! colspan="3" |1955–60

! colspan="3" |1960–65

! colspan="3" |1965–70

! colspan="3" |1970–75

! colspan="3" |1975–80

| colspan="3" |69.4

| colspan="3" |70.6

| colspan="3" |71.0

| colspan="3" |71.7

| colspan="3" |72.3

| colspan="3" |73.0

! colspan="3" |1980–85

! colspan="3" |1985–90

! colspan="3" |1990–95

! colspan="3" |1995–2000

! colspan="3" |2000–05

! colspan="3" |2005–10

| colspan="3" |74.2

| colspan="3" |75.1

| colspan="3" |76.3

| colspan="3" |77.2

| colspan="3" |78.4

| colspan="3" |79.7

! colspan="3" |2010–15

| colspan="15" rowspan="2" |

| colspan="3" |81.0

Infant mortality

thumb|upright=1.3|Infant mortality trends since 1960

Infant mortality has been on the decline since the Second Industrial Revolution, although the majority of the decline came around from the start to the end of the 20th century. In raw terms for example, infant mortality in England sat around 151 deaths to 1000 live births in 1901 but by the end of the century it had plummeted down to only 6 deaths per 1000 births. The second line of thought comes from demographers themselves which more or less ascribe the decline of infant mortality itself more to the general decline of mortality altogether in the society than any particular reason why.

Peaks and bands within the population represent different periods in which people were born, for example, a large peak of people aged 70–74, born following the Second World War, and a wide band for those aged 50–59, born during the 1960s baby boom. Those aged 80 and upwards would have been born in the 1930s baby dearth when the birth rate was below replacement level. On the younger band of the population there is a noticeable gap between the ages of 14 and 20, this due to a lower number of children being born at the beginning of the 21st Century (and a subsequent lower TFR), however in the following years the birth rate rose during the 2010s and a 'broadening' of the pyramid began for those in the younger years. In relation to the sex ratio of the country, there are more women than men in the older bands of the population, reflecting the higher life expectancies of women in the population. There were estimated to be over half a million people (556,270) aged 90 and over living in the UK in 2015, up from 194,670 people in 1985, and there were estimated to be 14,570 centenarians and 850 people aged 105 or over.In the younger bands there are more men than women because there are slightly more boys born each year than girls. The Office for National Statistics has also wrote in their mid-2016 report on population projections that the median age of the British population was 40 years of age, and that this will continue to rise with an ageing population and a below-replacement level fertility level not refilling the population. This will make the number of people aged 85 and over double from 1.6 million in mid-2016 to 3.2 million in mid-2041.

Geographically, the demographic ageing of the population is not evenly spread, as people in rural areas are typically older than those living in metropolitan areas, such as Greater London.

! scope="col" | Ages

! scope="col" | 1976

! scope="col" | 1986

! scope="col" | 1999

! scope="col" | 2016

! scope="col" | 2019

| 0–15 years (%)

| 24.5

| 20.5

| 20.4

| 18.9

| 19.0

| 16–64 years (%)

| 61.2

| 64.1

| 63.8

| 63.1

| 62.5

| 65 years and over (%)

| 14.2

| 15.4

| 15.8

| 18.0

| 18.5

{| class="wikitable"

|+Median age of the population (projected)

!Median age

!1950

!1960

!1971

!1981

!1991

!2000

!2010

!2020

!2030

!2040

!2050

!2060

!2070

!2080

!2090

!2100

|Total

|34.9

|35.6

|34.1

|34.5

|35.8

|37.6

|39.6

|40.6

|42.4

|43.8

|43.9

|44.7

|45.5

|46.0

|46.7

|47.7

|Male

| –

|39.6

| –

|–

|Female

| –

|41.7

| –

|–

Urbanisation and population density

Population density

The United Kingdom is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe; in 2020 it was the 8th most densely populated country.

The current largest urban areas are listed below:

Urbanisation

thumb|Population expansion over time of major cities (excluding London)

Rapid urbanisation began with the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the mid to late 18th century, shifting jobs and more importantly people away from rural Britain's dominance at the time which was primarily agricultural, to manufacturing jobs within urban areas which started to spring up. which was around 1/6th of the estimated total population but a century later this had risen to 8 million people in 1850, and being the first city in Europe and one of the first in the world to reach the figure of one million inhabitants, and then 5 million inhabitants. Importance in population size however of the capital declined during the latter half of the 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, London's ranking on the most populated cities of the world had fallen down to not even being in the top 20. in the 2011 census, is a settlement which takes variables from both numerical population numbers and population density; in population numbers this is roughly more than or 10,000 people living in an area. Anything below that is classified as 'rural', having several levels of distinction to define a rural town and fringe, village or hamlet which is usually taken from population density figures.

Notable events in British demographics:

1849, 1854, 1866 – Major cholera outbreaks
1890-1895 – Russian Flu
1914-1918 – First World War
1918-1919 – Spanish Flu epidemic
1939-1945 – Second World War
1946-64 – Post-World War II baby boom
1967 – Abortion Act came into force
2020-2023 – COVID-19 pandemic

{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under sticky-header-multi" style="text-align:right;"

! style="width:70pt;"| Average population (Mid-year)

! style="width:70pt;"| Live births

! style="width:70pt;"| Deaths

! style="width:70pt;"| Natural change

! style="width:70pt;"| Crude birth rate (per 1000)

! style="width:70pt;"| Crude death rate (per 1000)

| 1838

| 15,287,699

| style="color:red;" | 463,787

| 342,760

| 121,027

| 30.34

| 22.42

| 7.92

| style="color:blue;" |4.78

| 1839

| 15,514,255

| 492,574

| style="color:blue;" |338,984

| 153,590

| 31.74

| 21.85

| 9.89

| 4.7

| style="color:blue;" |4.93

| 1840

| 15,730,813

| 502,303

| 359,687

| 142,616

| 31.93

| 22.86

| 9.07

| 4.7

| style="color:blue;" |4.85

| 1841

| 15,929,492

| 512,158

| 343,847

| 168,311

| 32.15

| 21.59

| 10.56

| 1.9

| style="color:blue;" |4.89

| 1842

| 16,130,326

| 517,739

| 349,519

| 168,220

| 32.11

| 21.67

| 10.44

| 2

| style="color:blue;" |4.83

| 1843

| 16,332,228

| 527,325

| 346,445

| 180,880

| 32.26

| 21.21

| 11.05

| 1.3

| style="color:blue;" |4.82

| 1844

| 16,535,174

| 540,763

| 356,933

| 183,830

| 32.70

| 21.59

| 11.11

| 1.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.83

| 1845

| 16,739,136

| 543,521

| 349,366

| 194,155

| 32.47

| 20.87

| 11.60

| 0.6

| style="color:blue;" |4.82

| 1846

| 16,944,092

| 572,625

| 390,315

| 182,310

| 33.79

| 23.03

| 10.76

| 1.3

| style="color:blue;" |4.90

| 1847

| 17,150,018

| 539,965

| 423,304

| 116,661

| 31.48

| 24.68

| 6.80

| 5.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.58

| 1848

| 17,356,882

| 563,059

| 399,833

| 163,226

| 32.44

| 23.04

| 9.40

| 2.5

| style="color:blue;" |4.71

| 1849

| 17,564,656

| 578,159

| 440,839

| 137,320

| 32.92

| 25.10

| 7.82

| 4

| style="color:blue;" |4.78

| 1850

| 17,773,324

| 593,422

| 368,995

| 224,427

| 33.40

| 20.76

| 12.64

| −0.9

| style="color:blue;" |4.76

| 1851

| 17,982,849

| 615,865

| 395,396

| 220,469

| 34.26

| 21.99

| 12.27

| −0.6

| style="color:blue;" |4.94

| 1852

| 18,193,206

| 624,012

| 407,135

| 216,877

| 34.30

| 22.38

| 11.92

| −0.4

| style="color:blue;" |4.94

| 1853

| 18,404,368

| 612,391

| 421,097

| 191,294

| 33.27

| 22.88

| 10.39

| 1.1

| style="color:blue;" |4.78

| 1854

| 18,616,310

| 634,405

| 437,905

| 196,500

| 34.08

| 23.52

| 10.56

| 0.8

| style="color:blue;" |4.89

| 1855

| 18,829,000

| 635,043

| 425,703

| 209,340

| 33.73

| 22.61

| 11.12

| 0.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.88

| 1856

| 19,043,412

| 657,453

| 390,506

| 266,947

| 34.54

| 20.51

| 14.03

| −2.8

| style="color:blue;" |4.94

| 1857

| 19,256,516

| 663,071

| 419,815

| 243,256

| 34.44

| 21.80

| 12.64

| −1.6

| style="color:blue;" |4.90

| 1858

| 19,471,291

| 655,481

| 449,656

| 205,825

| 33.66

| 23.09

| 10.57

| 0.5

| style="color:blue;" |4.79

| 1859

| 19,686,701

| 689,881

| 440,781

| 249,100

| 35.04

| 22.39

| 12.65

| −1.7

| style="color:blue;" |4.97

| 1860

| 19,902,713

| 684,048

| 422,721

| 261,327

| 34.38

| 21.24

| 13.14

| −2.3

| style="color:blue;" |4.89

| 1861

| 20,119,314

| 696,406

| 435,114

| 261,292

| 34.61

| 21.63

| 12.98

| −2.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.88

| 1862

| 20,371,013

| 712,684

| 436,566

| 276,118

| 34.99

| 21.43

| 13.56

| −1.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.92

| 1863

| 20,625,855

| 727,417

| 473,837

| 253,580

| 35.28

| 22.97

| 12.31

| 0.1

| style="color:blue;" |4.94

| 1864

| 20,883,889

| 740,275

| 495,531

| 244,744

| 35.44

| 23.73

| 11.71

| 0.6

| style="color:blue;" |4.96

| 1865

| 21,145,151

| 748,069

| 490,909

| 257,160

| 35.39

| 23.22

| 12.17

| 0.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.93

| 1866

| 21,409,684

| 753,870

| 500,689

| 253,181

| 35.22

| 23.39

| 11.83

| 0.5

| style="color:blue;" |4.92

| 1867

| 21,677,525

| 768,349

| 471,073

| 297,276

| 35.45

| 21.73

| 13.72

| −1.4

| style="color:blue;" |4.94

| 1868

| 21,948,713

| 786,858

| 480,622

| 306,236

| 35.85

| 21.90

| 13.95

| −1.6

| style="color:blue;" |4.97

| 1869

| 22,223,299

| 773,381

| 494,828

| 278,553

| 34.82

| 22.27

| 12.55

| −0.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.82

| 1870

| 22,501,316

| 792,787

| 514,902

| 277,885

| 35.24

| 22.88

| 12.36

| −0.0

| style="color:blue;" |4.91

| 1871

| 22,788,466

| 797,428

| 514,879

| 282,549

| 35.00

| 22.59

| 12.41

| 0.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.85

| 1872

| 23,096,500

| 825,907

| 492,265

| 333,642

| 35.76

| 21.32

| 14.44

| −1.1

| style="color:blue;" |4.89

| 1873

| 23,408,600

| 829,778

| 492,520

| 337,258

| 35.44

| 21.04

| 14.40

| −1.1

| style="color:blue;" |4.94

| 1874

| 23,724,800

| 854,956

| 526,632

| 328,324

| 36.04

| 22.20

| 13.84

| −0.5

| style="color:blue;" |4.93

| 1875

| 24,045,400

| 850,607

| 546,453

| 304,154

| 35.38

| 22.73

| 12.65

| 0.7

| style="color:blue;" |4.91

| 1876

| 24,370,300

| 887,968

| 510,315

| 377,653

| 36.45

| 20.94

| 15.51

| −2.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.90

| 1877

| 24,699,500

| 888,200

| 500,496

| 387,704

| 35.96

| 20.26

| 15.70

| −2.4

| style="color:blue;" |4.89

| 1878

| 25,033,300

| 891,906

| 539,872

| 352,034

| 35.62

| 21.56

| 14.06

| −0.7

| style="color:blue;" |4.88

| 1879

| 25,371,500

| 880,389

| 526,255

| 354,134

| 34.71

| 20.74

| 13.97

| −0.6

| style="color:blue;" |4.81

| 1880

| 25,714,300

| 881,643

| 528,624

| 353,019

| 34.29

| 20.56

| 13.73

| −0.4

| style="color:blue;" |4.85

| 1881

| 26,046,100

| 883,642

| 491,935

| 391,707

| 33.92

| 18.89

| 15.03

| −2.3

| style="color:blue;" |4.68

| 1882

| 26,334,900

| 889,014

| 516,654

| 372,360

| 33.75

| 19.62

| 14.13

| −3.2

| style="color:blue;" |4.62

| 1883

| 26,626,900

| 890,722

| 522,997

| 367,725

| 33.45

| 19.64

| 13.81

| −2.8

| style="color:blue;" |4.55

| 1884

| 26,922,200

| 906,750

| 530,828

| 375,922

| 33.68

| 19.72

| 13.96

| −3.0

| style="color:blue;" |4.47

| 1885

| 27,220,700

| 894,270

| 522,750

| 371,520

| 32.86

| 19.20

| 13.66

| −2.7

| style="color:blue;" |4.54

| 1886

| 27,522,500

| 903,760

| 537,276

| 366,484

| 32.83

| 19.52

| 13.31

| −2.4

| style="color:blue;" |4.42

|1887

|36,599,100

|1,041,937

|629,287

|412,650

|31.9

|19.1

|11.3

| style="color:blue;" |4.24

|1888

|36,881,300

|1,034,144

|605,899

|428,245

|31.2

|18.1

|11.6

| −4

| style="color:blue;" |4.16

|1889

|37,178,900

|1,039,166

|615,033

|424,133

|31.1

|18.2

|11.4

| −3.4

| style="color:blue;" |4.11

|1890

|37,484,800

|1,021,361

|665,758

|355,603

|30.2

|19.5

|9.5

| −1.3

| style="color:blue;" | 4.06

|1891

|37,802,400

|1,071,382

|696,490

|374,892

|31.4

|20.2

|9.9

| −1.5

| style="color:blue;" |4.00

|1892

|38,134,100

|1,053,205

|661,273

|391,932

|30.4

|19.0

|10.3

| −1.6

| style="color:blue;" |3.95

|1893

|38,490,300

|1,073,011

|673,722

|399,289

|30.7

|19.2

|10.4

| −1.1

| style="color:blue;" |3.90

|1894

|38,859,100

|1,045,631

|593,808

|451,823

|29.6

|16.6

|11.6

| −2.1

| style="color:blue;" |3.84

|1895

|39,221,100

|1,080,527

|676,110

|404,417

|30.3

|18.7

|10.3

| −1.1

| style="color:blue;" | 3.79

|1896

|39,599,100

|1,076,812

|620,108

|456,704

|29.6

|17.1

|11.5

| −2

| style="color:blue;" |3.73

|1897

|39,987,300

|1,082,889

|645,630

|437,259

|31.9

|19.1

|10.9

| −1.2

| style="color:blue;" |3.68

|1898

|40,380,800

|1,086,212

|654,812

|431,400

|29.3

|17.5

|10.6

| –0.9

| style="color:blue;" |3.62

|1899

|40,774,300

|1,091,106

|685,510

|405,596

|29.1

|18.2

|9.9

| −0.3

| style="color:blue;" |3.58

| 1900

| 41,154,600

| 1,089,487

| 695,867

| 393,620

| style="color:blue;" |26.5

| 16.9

| 9.6

| −0.3

| style="color:blue;" | 3.53

| 1901

| 41,538,200

| 1,092,781

| 655,646

| 437,135

| 26.3

| 15.8

| 10.5

| −1.3

| style="color:blue;" | 3.49

| 1902

| 41,892,700

| 1,103,483

| 636,650

| 466,833

| 26.3

| 15.2

| 11.1

| −2.7

| style="color:blue;" | 3.44

| 1903

| 42,246,600

| 1,113,086

| 613,726

| 499,360

| 26.3

| 14.5

| 11.8

| −3.4

| style="color:blue;" | 3.40

| 1904

| 42,611,400

| 1,109,542

| 651,301

| 458,241

| 26

| 15.3

| 10.8

| −2.2

| style="color:blue;" | 3.35

| 1905

| 42,980,800

| 1,092,108

| 617,516

| 474,592

| 25.4

| 14.4

| 11

| −2.4

| style="color:blue;" | 3.30

| 1906

| 43,361,100

| 1,098,475

| 629,955

| 468,520

| 25.3

| 14.5

| 10.8

| −2.0

| style="color:blue;" | 3.24

| 1907

| 43,737,800

| 1,077,851

| 625,271

| 452,580

| 24.6

| 14.3

| 10.3

| −1.7

| style="color:blue;" | 3.19

| 1908

| 44,123,800

| 1,102,345

| 621,427

| 480,918

| 25

| 14.1

| 10.9

| −2.2

| style="color:blue;" | 3.14

| 1909

| 44,519,500

| 1,073,781

| 614,910

| 458,871

| 24.1

| 13.8

| 10.3

| −1.4

| style="color:blue;" | 3.07

| 1910

| 44,915,900

| 1,051,240

| 578,091

| 473,149

| 23.4

| 12.9

| 10.5

| −1.7

| style="color:blue;" | 2.99

| 1911

| 42,189,800

| 1,033,395

| 620,828

| 412,567

| 24.5

| 14.7

| 9.8

| −74.4

| style="color:blue;" | 2.92

| 1912

| 42,373,600

| 1,025,828

| 580,977

| 444,851

| 24.2

| 13.7

| 10.5

| −6.2

| style="color:blue;" | 2.90

| 1913

| 42,582,300

| 1,032,286

| 600,554

| 431,732

| 24.2

| 14.1

| 10.1

| −5.2

| style="color:blue;" | 2.93

| 1914

| 42,956,900

| 1,032,734

| 611,970

| 420,764

| 24

| 14.2

| 9.8

| −1.1

| style="color:blue;" | 2.88

| 1915

| 41,361,500

| 956,877

| 666,322

| 290,555

| 23.1

| 16.1

| 7

| −45.6

| style="color:blue;" | 2.59

| 1916

| 40,536,300

| 922,085

| 599,621

| 322,464

| 22.7

| 14.8

| 8

| −28.3

| style="color:blue;" | 2.60

| 1917

| 39,780,700

| 790,736

| 589,416

| 201,320

| 19.9

| 14.8

| 5.1

| −24.1

| style="color:blue;" | 2.10

| 1918

| 39,582,000

| 787,427

| style="color:red;" |715,246

| 72,181

| 19.9

| style="color:red;" |18.1

| 1.8

| −6.8

| 2.03

| 1919

| 42,944,100

| 826,202

| 602,188

| 224,014

| 19.2

| 18.1

| 5.2

| 73.1

| style="color:blue;" | 2.31

| 1920

| 43,646,400

| style="color:blue;" |1,126,849

| 555,326

| style="color:blue;" |571,523

| 25.8

| 12.7

| style="color:blue;" |13.1

| 3

| style="color:blue;" | 3.08

| 1921

| 43,904,100

| 1,001,725

| 544,140

| 457,585

| 22.8

| 12.4

| 10.4

| −4.6

| style="color:blue;" | 2.69

| 1922

| 44,331,500

| 924,740

| 579,480

| 345,260

| 20.9

| 13.1

| 7.8

| 1.9

|style="color:blue;" | 2.44

| 1923

| 44,563,100

| 900,130

| 526,858

| 373,272

| 20.2

| 11.8

| 8.4

| −3.2

| style="color:blue;" | 2.38

| 1924

| 44,885,600

| 865,329

| 563,891

| 301,438

| 19.3

| 12.6

| 6.7

| 0.5

| style="color:blue;" | 2.28

| 1925

| 45,040,000

| 842,405

| 558,132

| 284,273

| 18.7

| 12.4

| 6.3

| −2.9

| style="color:blue;" | 2.20

| 1926

| 45,217,600

| 825,174

| 536,411

| 288,763

| 18.2

| 11.9

| 6.4

| −2.5

| style="color:blue;" | 2.15

| 1927

| 45,432,000

| 777,520

| 568,655

| 208,865

| 17.1

| 12.5

| 4.6

| 0.1

| 2.01

| 1928

| 45,622,200

| 783,052

| 543,664

| 239,388

| 17.2

| 11.9

| 5.2

| −1.1

| 2.01

| 1929

| 45,731,000

| 761,963

| 623,231

| 138,732

| 16.7

| 13.6

| 3

| −0.7

| 1.95

| 1930

| 45,888,900

| 769,239

| 536,860

| 232,379

| 16.8

| 11.7

| 5.1

| −1.6

| 1.95

| 1931

| 46,073,600

| 749,974

| 573,908

| 176,066

| 16.3

| 12.5

| 3.8

| 0.2

| 1.89

| 1932

| 46,335,000

| 730,079

| 567,986

| 162,093

| 15.8

| 12.3

| 3.5

| 2.1

| 1.83

| 1933

| 46,520,000

| 691,560

| 579,467

| 112,093

| 14.9

| 12.5

| 2.4

| 1.6

| 1.72

| 1934

| 46,666,000

| 711,483

| 558,072

| 153,411

| 15.2

| 12

| 3.3

| −0.2

| 1.76

| 1935

| 46,869,500

| 711,426

| 561,324

| 150,102

| 15.2

| 12

| 3.2

| 1.1

| 1.75

| 1936

| 47,081,300

| 720,129

| 580,942

| 139,187

| 15.3

| 12.3

| 3

| 1.5

| 1.77

| 1937

| 47,288,600

| 723,779

| 597,798

| 125,981

| 15.3

| 12.6

| 2.7

| 1.7

| 1.79

| 1938

| 47,494,100

| 735,573

| 559,598

| 175,975

| 15.5

| 11.8

| 3.7

| 0.6

| 1.84

| 1939

| 47,547,700

| 726,632

| 581,857

| 144,775

| 15.3

| 12.2

| 3.0

| −1.9

| 1.84

| 1940

| 46,026,200

| 701,875

| 673,253

| 28,622

| 15.2

| 14.6

| 0.6

| −33.7

| 1.74

| 1941

| 44,870,400

| 695,726

| 627,378

| 68,348

| 15.5

| 14.0

| 1.5

| −27.3

| 1.72

| 1942

| 44,323,000

| 771,851

| 562,356

| 209,495

| 17.4

| 12.7

| 4.7

| −17.1

| 1.93

| 1943

| 48,261,000

| 810,524

| 585,582

| 224,942

| 16.8

| 12.1

| 3.7

|style="color: blue"| 76.9

| 2.03

| 1944

| 48,261,600

| 878,298

| 573,570

| 303,728

| 18.2

| 11.9

| 6.3

| −17

| style="color:blue;" | 2.25

| 1945

| 48,668,900

| 795,868

| 567,027

| 228,841

| 16.4

| 11.7

| 4.7

| 3.7

| 2.05

| 1946

| 48,987,800

| 955,266

| 573,361

| 381,905

| 19.5

| 11.7

| 7.8

| −1.3

| style="color:blue;" | 2.47

| 1947

| 49,538,700

| 1,025,427

| 600,728

| 424,699

| 20.7

| 12.1

| 8.6

| 2.5

| style="color:blue;" | 2.69

| 1948

| 50,033,200

| 905,182

| 546,002

| 359,180

| 18.1

| 10.9

| 7.2

| 2.7

| style="color:blue;" | 2.39

| 1949

| 50,331,000

| 855,298

| 589,876

| 265,422

| 17

| 11.7

| 5.3

| 0.6

| style="color:blue;" | 2.26

| 1950

| 50,381,500

| 818,421

| 590,136

| 228,285

| 16.2

| 11.7

| 4.5

| −3.5

| 2.08

| 1951

| 50,286,900

| 796,645

| 632,786

| 163,859

| 15.8

| 12.6

| 3.3

| −5.1

| style="color:blue;" | 2.10

| 1952

| 50,429,200

| 792,917

| 573,806

| 219,111

| 15.7

| 11.4

| 4.3

| −1.5

| style="color:blue;" | 2.15

| 1953

| 50,592,900

| 804,269

| 577,220

| 227,049

| 15.9

| 11.4

| 4.5

| −1.3

| style="color:blue;" | 2.20

| 1954

| 50,764,900

| 794,769

| 578,400

| 216,369

| 15.7

| 11.4

| 4.3

| −0.9

| style="color:blue;" | 2.26

| 1955

| 50,946,100

| 789,315

| 595,916

| 193,399

| 15.5

| 11.7

| 3.8

| −0.2

| style="color:blue;" | 2.33

| 1956

| 51,183,500

| 825,137

| 597,981

| 227,156

| 16.1

| 11.7

| 4.4

| 0.2

| style="color:blue;" | 2.40

| 1957

| 51,430,200

| 851,466

| 591,200

| 260,266

| 16.6

| 11.5

| 5.1

| −0.3

| style="color:blue;" | 2.48

| 1958

| 51,652,500

| 870,497

| 604,040

| 266,457

| 16.9

| 11.7

| 5.2

| −0.9

| style="color:blue;" | 2.55

| 1959

| 51,956,300

| 878,561

| 606,115

| 272,446

| 16.9

| 11.7

| 5.2

| 0.6

| style="color:blue;" | 2.63

| 1960

| 52,372,500

| 918,286

| 603,328

| 314,958

| 17.5

| 11.5

| 6.0

| 1.9

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.71

| 1961

| 52,807,400

| 944,365

| 631,788

| 312,577

| 17.9

| 12.0

| 5.9

| 2.3

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.78

| 1962

| 53,291,800

| 975,635

| 636,051

| 339,584

| 18.3

| 11.9

| 6.4

| 2.7

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.87

| 1963

| 53,624,900

| 990,160

| 654,288

| 335,872

| 18.5

| 12.2

| 6.3

| −0.1

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.90

| 1964

| 53,990,800

| 1,014,672

| 611,130

| 403,542

| 18.8

| 11.3

| 7.5

| −0.7

| style="color:blue;" | 2.95

| 1965

| 54,349,500

| 997,275

| 627,798

| 369,477

| 18.3

| 11.6

| 6.8

| −0.2

| style="color: blue"| 2.88

| 1966

| 54,642,700

| 979,587

| 643,754

| 335,833

| 17.9

| 11.8

| 6.1

| −0.8

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.80

| 1967

| 54,959,000

| 961,800

| 616,710

| 345,090

| 17.5

| 11.2

| 6.3

| −0.5

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.69

| 1968

| 55,213,500

| 947,231

| 655,998

| 291,233

| 17.2

| 11.9

| 5.3

| −0.7

| style="color: blue"| 2.61

| 1969

| 55,460,600

| 920,256

| 659,537

| 260,719

| 16.6

| 11.9

| 4.7

| −0.2

| style="color: blue"| 2.51

| 1970

| 55,632,200

| 903,907

| 655,385

| 248,522

| 16.2

| 11.8

| 4.5

| −1.4

| style="color: blue"| 2.44

| 1971

| 55,928,000

| 901,648

| 645,078

| 256,570

| 16.1

| 11.5

| 4.6

| 0.7

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.40

| 1972

| 56,096,000

| 833,984

| 673,938

| 160,046

| 14.9

| 12.0

| 2.9

| 0.1

| style="color: blue"| 2.20

| 1973

| 56,223,000

| 779,545

| 669,692

| 109,853

| 13.9

| 11.9

| 2.0

| 0.3

| 2.03

| 1974

| 56,235,000

| 737,138

| 667,359

| 69,779

| 13.1

| 11.9

| 1.2

| −1.0

| 1.92

| 1975

| 56,225,000

| 697,518

| 662,477

| 35,041

| 12.4

| 11.8

| 0.6

| −0.8

| 1.81

| 1976

| 56,216,000

| 675,526

| 680,799

| style="color: red"| −5,273

| 12.0

| 12.1

| style="color: red"| −0.1

| −0.1

| 1.74

| 1977

| 56,189,000

| 657,038

| 655,143

| 1,895

| 11.7

| 0.0

| −0.5

| 1.69

| 1978

| 56,178,000

| 686,952

| 667,177

| 19,775

| 12.2

| 11.9

| 0.4

| −0.5

| 1.75

| 1979

| 56,240,000

| 734,572

| 675,576

| 58,996

| 13.1

| 12.0

| 1.0

| 0.1

| 1.86

| 1980

| 56,329,000

| 753,708

| 661,519

| 92,189

| 13.4

| 11.7

| 1.6

| −0.1

| 1.90

| 1981

| 56,357,000

| 730,712

| 657,974

| 72,738

| 13.0

| 11.7

| 1.3

| −0.8

| 1.82

| 1982

| 56,290,000

| 718,999

| 662,081

| 56,918

| 12.8

| 11.8

| 1.0

| −2.2

| 1.78

| 1983

| 56,315,000

| 721,238

| 659,101

| 62,137

| 12.8

| 11.7

| 1.1

| −0.7

| 1.77

| 1984

| 56,409,000

| 729,401

| 644,918

| 84,483

| 12.9

| 11.4

| 1.5

| 0.2

| 1.77

| 1985

| 56,554,000

| 750,520

| 670,656

| 79,864

| 13.3

| 11.9

| 1.4

| 1.2

| 1.79

| 1986

| 56,683,000

| 754,805

| 660,735

| 94,070

| 13.3

| 11.7

| 1.7

| 0.6

| 1.78

| 1987

| 56,804,000

| 775,405

| 644,342

| 131,063

| 13.7

| 11.3

| 2.3

| −0.2

| 1.81

| 1988

| 56,916,000

| 787,303

| 649,178

| 138,125

| 13.8

| 11.4

| 2.4

| −0.5

| 1.82

| 1989

| 57,076,000

| 777,036

| 657,733

| 119,303

| 13.6

| 11.5

| 2.1

| 0.7

| 1.79

| 1990

| 57,237,500

| 798,364

| 641,799

| 156,565

| 13.9

| 11.2

| 2.7

| 0.1

| 1.83

| 1991

| 57,438,700

| 792,269

| 646,181

| 146,088

| 13.8

| 11.3

| 2.5

| 1.0

| 1.82

| 1992

| 57,584,500

| 780,779

| 634,238

| 146,541

| 13.6

| 11.0

| 2.5

| 0

| 1.79

| 1993

| 57,713,900

| 761,526

| 658,194

| 103,332

| 13.2

| 11.4

| 1.8

| 0.5

| 1.76

| 1994

| 57,862,100

| 750,480

| 626,222

| 124,258

| 13.0

| 10.8

| 2.1

| 0.4

| 1.74

| 1995

| 58,024,800

| 731,882

| 641,712

| 90,170

| 12.6

| 11.1

| 1.6

| 1.2

| 1.71

| 1996

| 58,164,400

| 733,163

| 638,879

| 94,284

| 12.6

| 11.0

| 1.6

| 0.8

| 1.73

| 1997

| 58,314,200

| 726,622

| 632,517

| 94,105

| 12.5

| 10.8

| 1.6

| 1.0

| 1.72

| 1998

| 58,474,900

| 716,888

| 627,592

| 89,296

| 12.3

| 10.7

| 1.5

| 1.2

| 1.71

| 1999

| 58,684,400

| 699,976

| 629,476

| 70,500

| 11.9

| 10.7

| 1.2

| 2.4

| 1.68

| 2000

| 58,886,100

| 679,029

| 610,579

| 68,450

| 11.5

| 10.4

| 1.2

| 2.3

| 1.64

| 2001

| 59,113,000

| 669,123

| 604,393

| 64,730

| 11.3

| 10.2

| 1.1

| 2.6

| 1.63

| 2002

| 59,365,700

| 668,777

| 608,045

| 60,732

| 11.3

| 10.2

| 1.0

| 3.2

| 1.63

| 2003

| 59,636,700

| 695,549

| 612,085

| 83,464

| 11.7

| 10.3

| 1.4

| 3.1

| 1.70

| 2004

| 59,950,400

| 715,996

| 584,791

| 131,205

| 11.9

| 9.8

| 2.2

| 3

| 1.77

| 2005

| 60,413,300

| 722,549

| 582,964

| 139,585

| 12.0

| 9.6

| 2.3

| 5.4

| 1.76

| 2006

| 60,827,100

| 748,563

| 572,224

| 176,339

| 12.3

| 9.4

| 2.9

| 3.9

| 1.82

| 2007

| 61,319,100

| 772,245

| 574,687

| 197,558

| 12.6

| 9.4

| 3.2

| 4.9

| 1.87

| 2008

| 61,823,800

| 794,383

| 579,697

| 214,686

| 12.8

| 9.4

| 3.5

| 4.7

| 1.96

| 2009

| 62,260,500

| 790,204

| 559,617

| 230,587

| 12.7

| 9.0

| 3.7

| 3.4

| 1.89

| 2010

| 62,759,500

| 807,721

| 561,666

| 246,055

| 12.9

| 8.9

| 3.9

| 4.1

| 1.92

| 2011

| 63,285,100

| 807,776

| 552,232

| 255,544

| 12.8

|style="color:blue;" | 8.7

| 4.0

| 4.4

| 1.91

| 2012

| 63,705,000

| 812,970

| 569,024

| 243,946

| 12.8

| 8.9

| 3.8

| 2.8

| 1.92

| 2013

| 64,105,700

| 778,803

| 575,458

| 203,345

| 12.1

| 9.0

| 3.2

| 3.1

| 1.83

| 2014

| 64,596,800

| 776,352

| 570,341

| 206,011

| 12.0

| 8.8

| 3.2

| 4.5

| 1.82

| 2015

| 65,110,000

| 777,165

| 602,782

| 174,383

| 11.9

| 9.3

| 2.7

| 5.2

| 1.80

| 2016

| 65,648,100

| 774,835

| 595,659

| 179,176

| 11.8

| 9.1

| 2.7

| 5.5

| 1.79

| 2017

| 66,040,200

| 755,066

| 607,172

| 147,894

| 11.4

| 9.2

| 2.2

| 3.5

| 1.74

| 2018

| 66,435,600

| 731,213

| 616,014

| 115,199

| 11.0

| 9.3

| 1.7

| 3.6

| 1.68

| 2019

| 66,796,800

| 712,699

| 604,707

| 107,992

| 10.7

| 9.1

| 1.6

| 3.1

| 1.63

| 2020

| 67,081,234

| 681,560

| 689,629

| style="color:red;" | −8,069

| 10.2

| 10.3

| style="color:red;" | −0.1

| 1.7

| 1.56

| 2021

| 67,026,292

| 694,685

| 666,659

| 28,026

| 10.3

| 9.9

| 0.4

| 3.7

| 1.54

| 2022

| 67,596,300

| 673,141

| 657,278

| 15,863

| 10.0

| 9.7

| 0.3

| 10.1

| 1.49

| 2023

| 68,265,200

| 656,847

| 660,772

| style="color:red;" | −3,925

| 9.7

| style="color:red;" | −0.0

|13.5

| 1.42

|2024

| 69,281,437

| 659,876

| 648,954

| 10,922

| style="color:red;" | 9.5

| 9.4

| 0.1

|9.4

| 1.41

|2025

| style="color:blue;" | 69,487,000

| 649,410

| 648,776

| 634

| 9.3

| 0.0

|2.9

| style="color:red;" |1.39(e)

In 2023, 208,877 (31.8%) of all live births were to non-UK-born mothers in England and Wales. 37.3% of live births were to parents where either one or both were born outside the UK.

Current vital statistics

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! Period

! Live births

! Deaths

! Natural increase

! January to September 2024

| 475,628

| 483,839

| –8,211

! January to September 2025

| 466,798

| 485,455

| –18,657

! Difference

| –8,830 (-1.9%)

| +1,616 (+0.3%)

| –10,446

! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | Source:

Total fertility rates by region

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+ 2023

!Regions

!TFR

|1.68

|West Midlands

|1.58

|East of England

|1.53

|South East

|1.48

|Yorkshire and the Humber

|1.47

|North West

|1.46

|East Midlands

|1.45

|North East

|1.44

|1.42

|South West

|1.36

|1.34

|1.26

Total fertility rate by local authority district

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

|+ 2024

!Local authority district

!TFR

| County Durham

|1.31

|22px Darlington

|1.55

|Hartlepool

|1.44

|20px Middlesbrough

|1.68

|Northumberland

|1.40

|22px Redcar and Cleveland

|1.50

|22px Stockton-on-Tees

|1.60

|22px Gateshead

|1.43

|22px Newcastle upon Tyne

|1.21

|22px North Tyneside

|1.36

|22px South Tyneside

|1.37

|22px Sunderland

|1.43

|Blackburn with Darwen

|1.78

|22px Blackpool

|1.56

|22px Cheshire East

|1.43

|Cheshire West and Chester

|1.30

|22px Halton

|1.45

|Warrington

|1.35

|Cumberland

|1.43

|Westmorland and Furness

|1.31

|22px Bolton

|1.80

|22px Bury

|1.62

|22px Manchester

|1.32

|22px Oldham

|1.90

|22px Rochdale

|1.70

|22px Salford

|1.33

|22px Stockport

|1.44

|22px Tameside

|1.55

|23px Trafford

|1.41

|23px Wigan

|1.47

|23px Burnley

|1.71

|Chorley

|1.41

|Fylde

|1.46

|Hyndburn

|1.73

|23px Lancaster

|1.32

|Pendle

|1.82

|20px Preston

|1.53

|Ribble Valley

|1.45

|Rossendale

|1.55

|South Ribble

|1.42

|West Lancashire

|1.43

|Wyre

|1.39

|23px Knowsley

|1.49

|23px Liverpool

|1.24

|Sefton

|1.42

|23px St. Helens

|1.44

|23px Wirral

|1.41

|East Riding of Yorkshire

|1.38

|19px City of Kingston upon Hull

|1.56

|North East Lincolnshire

|1.61

|North Lincolnshire

|1.62

| York

|1.04

|North Yorkshire

|1.47

|Barnsley

|1.52

|Doncaster

|1.60

|23px Rotherham

|1.57

|23px Sheffield

|1.29

|23px Bradford

|1.86

|23px Calderdale

|1.53

|23px Kirklees

|1.62

|23px Leeds

|1.28

|23px Wakefield

|1.53

|23px Derby

|1.54

|23px Leicester

|1.45

|23px Nottingham

|1.29

|Rutland

|1.45

|North Northamptonshire

|1.52

|23px West Northamptonshire

|1.49

|23px Amber Valley

|1.47

|Bolsover

|1.44

|Chesterfield

|1.40

|Derbyshire Dales

|1.25

|Erewash

|1.29

|23px High Peak

|1.40

|North East Derbyshire

|1.47

|South Derbyshire

|1.52

|Blaby

|1.45

|Charnwood

|1.36

|Harborough

|1.46

|Hinckley and Bosworth

|1.36

|Melton

|1.45

|North West Leicestershire

|1.30

|Oadby and Wigston

|1.49

|Boston

|1.73

|East Lindsey

|1.44

| Lincoln

|1.22

|North Kesteven

|1.32

|South Holland

|1.43

|South Kesteven

|1.36

|West Lindsey

|1.38

|Ashfield

|1.52

|Bassetlaw

|1.56

|Broxtowe

|1.19

|23px Gedling

|1.32

|23px Mansfield

|1.54

|Newark and Sherwood

|1.49

|Rushcliffe

|1.25

|County of Herefordshire

|1.53

|19px Shropshire

|1.40

|Stoke-on-Trent

|1.72

| Telford and Wrekin

|1.53

|Cannock Chase

|1.39

|East Staffordshire

|1.60

|Lichfield

|1.47

|Newcastle-under-Lyme

|1.31

|South Staffordshire

|1.44

|Stafford

|1.43

|Staffordshire Moorlands

|1.41

|Tamworth

|1.42

|North Warwickshire

|1.52

|Nuneaton and Bedworth

|1.57

|Rugby

|1.48

|Stratford-on-Avon

|1.47

|Warwick

|1.29

| Birmingham

|1.75

| Coventry

|1.45

|Dudley

|1.60

|21px Sandwell

|1.91

|23px Solihull

|1.51

|Walsall

|1.80

|Wolverhampton

|1.80

|Bromsgrove

|1.44

|Malvern Hills

|1.46

|Redditch

|1.44

|20px Worcester

|1.28

|Wychavon

|1.50

|Wyre Forest

|1.50

|Bedford

|1.57

|Central Bedfordshire

|1.59

|Luton

|2.00

|Peterborough

|1.69

|22px Southend-on-Sea

|1.50

|23px Thurrock

|1.62

| Cambridge

|0.95

|East Cambridgeshire

|1.52

|Fenland

|1.67

|Huntingdonshire

|1.43

|South Cambridgeshire

|1.58

|Basildon

|1.54

|Braintree

|1.52

|Brentwood

|1.65

|Castle Point

|1.53

|Chelmsford

|1.42

|23px Colchester

|1.44

|Epping Forest

|1.59

|Harlow

|1.73

|Maldon

|1.37

|Rochford

|1.53

|Tendring

|1.57

|Uttlesford

|1.53

|Broxbourne

|1.60

|23px Dacorum

|1.56

|Hertsmere

|1.49

|North Hertfordshire

|1.42

|Three Rivers

|1.46

|Watford

|1.58

| St Albans

|1.45

|Welwyn Hatfield

|1.34

|East Hertfordshire

|1.53

|Stevenage

|1.41

|Breckland

|1.55

|Broadland

|1.28

|Great Yarmouth

|1.44

|King's Lynn and West Norfolk

|1.56

|North Norfolk

|1.36

|Norwich

|1.05

| South Norfolk

|1.44

|Babergh

|1.49

|23px Ipswich

|1.56

|Mid Suffolk

|1.45

|East Suffolk

|1.44

|West Suffolk

|1.46

|23px Camden

|1.05

| City of London

|0.32

| Hackney

|1.33

|23px Hammersmith and Fulham

|1.16

| Haringey

|1.32

| Islington

|0.99

|23px Kensington and Chelsea

|1.09

|20px Lambeth

|1.11

|23px Lewisham

|1.29

|20px Newham

|1.54

|23px Southwark

|1.05

|23px Tower Hamlets

|1.18

|23px Wandsworth

|1.10

|23px Westminster

|1.00

|23px Barking and Dagenham

|1.99

|23px Barnet

|1.53

|23px Bexley

|1.45

|23px Brent

|1.50

|23px Bromley

|1.45

|23px Croydon

|1.58

|20px Ealing

|1.49

|23px Enfield

|1.58

|23px Greenwich

|1.31

|23px Harrow

|1.64

| Havering

|1.64

|23px Hillingdon

|1.69

|23px Hounslow

|1.61

| Kingston upon Thames

|1.25

|23px Merton

|1.35

|Redbridge

|1.81

|23px Richmond upon Thames

|1.34

|23px Sutton

|1.40

|23px Waltham Forest

|1.55

|Bracknell Forest

|1.47

|20px Brighton and Hove

|0.97

|Isle of Wight

|1.35

|23px Medway

|1.56

|23px Milton Keynes

|1.51

| Portsmouth

|1.23

|Reading

|1.28

|20px Slough

|1.96

| Southampton

|1.18

|West Berkshire

|1.43

|Windsor and Maidenhead

|1.42

|Wokingham

|1.46

|Buckinghamshire

|1.58

|Eastbourne

|1.34

|20px Hastings

|1.44

|Lewes

|1.42

|Rother

|1.40

|Wealden

|1.56

|Basingstoke and Deane

|1.50

|East Hampshire

|1.42

|Eastleigh

|1.40

|Fareham

|1.29

|Gosport

|1.52

|Hart

|1.42

|Havant

|1.51

|New Forest

|1.39

|Rushmoor

|1.52

|Test Valley

|1.54

|20px Winchester

|1.46

|20px Ashford

|1.58

|Canterbury

|1.25

|Dartford

|1.63

|23px Dover

|1.59

|Gravesham

|1.79

|23px Maidstone

|1.59

|Sevenoaks

|1.61

|Folkestone and Hythe

|1.55

|Swale

|1.67

|Thanet

|1.52

|Tonbridge and Malling

|1.54

|Tunbridge Wells

|1.60

|Cherwell

|1.54

|23px Oxford

|1.08

|South Oxfordshire

|1.50

|Vale of White Horse

|1.56

|West Oxfordshire

|1.39

|Elmbridge

|1.59

|Epsom and Ewell

|1.34

|Guildford

|1.29

|Mole Valley

|1.41

|Reigate and Banstead

|1.48

|22px Runnymede

|1.51

|Spelthorne

|1.54

|Surrey Heath

|1.38

|Tandridge

|1.55

|Waverley

|1.48

|Woking

|1.51

|Adur

|1.40

|Arun

|1.37

|Chichester

|1.44

|Crawley

|1.55

|Horsham

|1.45

|Mid Sussex

|1.51

|Worthing

|1.29

|Bath and North East Somerset

|1.19

|Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole

|1.23

|22px City of Bristol

|1.15

|Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

|1.31

|Dorset

|1.41

|North Somerset

|1.45

| Plymouth

|1.23

|South Gloucestershire

|1.33

|Swindon

|1.46

|Torbay

|1.29

|20px Wiltshire

|1.45

|23px Somerset

|1.47

|East Devon

|1.38

|23px Exeter

|1.05

|20px Mid Devon

|1.56

|North Devon

|1.45

|South Hams

|1.29

|Teignbridge

|1.29

|Torridge

|1.44

|West Devon

|1.40

|20px Cheltenham

|1.29

|Cotswold

|1.43

|Forest of Dean

|1.68

|20px Gloucester

|1.45

|Stroud

|1.36

|Tewkesbury

|1.55

| Isle of Anglesey

|1.48

|Gwynedd

|1.29

|Conwy

|1.42

|23px Denbighshire

|1.48

|20px Flintshire

|1.48

|Wrexham

|1.51

|20px Powys

|1.43

| Ceredigion

|1.36

| Pembrokeshire

|1.47

|23px Carmarthenshire

|1.46

|23px Swansea

|1.21

|Neath Port Talbot

|1.40

|Bridgend

|1.40

|Vale of Glamorgan

|1.42

| Cardiff

|1.19

|Rhondda Cynon Taf

|1.32

|Merthyr Tydfil

|1.51

|Caerphilly

|1.35

|23px Blaenau Gwent

|1.50

|20px Torfaen

|1.50

|23px Monmouthshire

|1.41

|23px Newport

|1.64

Structure of the population

{| class="wikitable"

! width="80pt"|Age Group

! width="80pt"|Male

! width="80pt"|Female

! width="80pt"|Total

! width="80pt"|%

| align="right" | Total

| align="right" | 31,028,143

| align="right" | 32,154,035

| align="right" | 63,182,178

| align="right" | 100

| align="right" | 0–4

| align="right" | 2,002,494

| align="right" | 1,911,459

| align="right" | 3,913,953

| align="right" | 6.19

| align="right" | 5–9

| align="right" | 1,799,999

| align="right" | 1,716,616

| align="right" | 3,516,615

| align="right" | 5.57

| align="right" | 10–14

| align="right" | 1,878,838

| align="right" | 1,790,488

| align="right" | 3,669,326

| align="right" | 5.81

| align="right" | 15–19

| align="right" | 2,040,725

| align="right" | 1,955,727

| align="right" | 3,996,452

| align="right" | 6.33

| align="right" | 20–24

| align="right" | 2,164,141

| align="right" | 2,133,057

| align="right" | 4,297,198

| align="right" | 6.80

| align="right" | 25–29

| align="right" | 2,145,054

| align="right" | 2,161,286

| align="right" | 4,306,340

| align="right" | 6.82

| align="right" | 30–34

| align="right" | 2,059,312

| align="right" | 2,066,137

| align="right" | 4,125,449

| align="right" | 6.53

| align="right" | 35–39

| align="right" | 2,082,310

| align="right" | 2,112,167

| align="right" | 4,194,477

| align="right" | 6.64

| align="right" | 40–44

| align="right" | 2,283,902

| align="right" | 2,341,733

| align="right" | 4,625,635

| align="right" | 7.32

| align="right" | 45–49

| align="right" | 2,293,572

| align="right" | 2,349,528

| align="right" | 4,643,100

| align="right" | 7.35

| align="right" | 50–54

| align="right" | 2,028,748

| align="right" | 2,065,706

| align="right" | 4,094,454

| align="right" | 6.48

| align="right" | 55–59

| align="right" | 1,785,598

| align="right" | 1,828,480

| align="right" | 3,614,078

| align="right" | 5.72

| align="right" | 60–64

| align="right" | 1,868,912

| align="right" | 1,939,062

| align="right" | 3,807,974

| align="right" | 6.03

| align="right" | 65–69

| align="right" | 1,463,355

| align="right" | 1,554,125

| align="right" | 3,017,480

| align="right" | 4.78

| align="right" | 70–74

| align="right" | 1,162,621

| align="right" | 1,300,124

| align="right" | 2,462,745

| align="right" | 3.90

| align="right" | 75–79

| align="right" | 903 433

| align="right" | 1,102,586

| align="right" | 2,006,019

| align="right" | 3.17

| align="right" | 80–84

| align="right" | 615 163

| align="right" | 883 733

| align="right" | 1,498,896

| align="right" | 2.37

| align="right" | 85–89

| align="right" | 324 063

| align="right" | 594 280

| align="right" | 918 343

| align="right" | 1.45

| align="right" | 90–94

| align="right" | 104 072

| align="right" | 264 353

| align="right" | 368 425

| align="right" | 0.58

| align="right" | 95–99

| align="right" | 19 756

| align="right" | 73 195

| align="right" | 92 951

| align="right" | 0.15

| align="right" | 100+

| align="right" | 2 075

| align="right" | 10 193

| align="right" | 12 268

| align="right" | 0.02

! width="50"|Age group

! width="80pt"|Male

! width="80"|Female

! width="80"|Total

! width="50"|Per cent

| align="right" | 0–14

| align="right" | 5,681,331

| align="right" | 5,418,563

| align="right" | 11,099,894

| align="right" | 17.57

| align="right" | 15–64

| align="right" | 20,752,274

| align="right" | 20,952,883

| align="right" | 41,705,157

| align="right" | 66.01

| align="right" | 65+

| align="right" | 4,594,538

| align="right" | 5,782,589

| align="right" | 10,377,127

| align="right" | 16.42