Demographics of Canada

{{Infobox place demographics

| place = Canada

| image = File:Canada population pyramid 2026.png

| image_size = 300

| caption = Population pyramid of Canada in 2026

| size_of_population = 41,472,081 (2026 Q1 est.)

| density = (2022)

| growth = −0.2% (2025 est.)

| birth = 9.94 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

| death = 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)

| life = 83.8 years

| life_male = 81.52 years

| life_female = 86.21 years (2022 est.)

| fertility = 1.25 children born/woman (2024 est.)

| infant_mortality = 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births

| net_migration = 5.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)

| under_18_years =

| age_18–44_years =

| age_45-64_years =

| age_0–14_years = 15.99%

| age_15–64_years =

| age_65_years = 18.98%

| total_mf_ratio =0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

| sr_at_birth =1.05 male(s)/female

| sr_under_15 =1.06 male(s)/female

| sr_15–64_years =

| sr_65_years_over =0.75 male(s)/female

| nation = Canadian

| major_ethnic = White ()

| minor_ethnic = South Asian ()Indigenous ()Chinese ()Black () Filipino ()Arab ()Latin American ()Southeast Asian ()West Asian ()Korean ()Japanese ()Multiracial/Others, excluding Métis ()

| official = English (55.97%) French (20.61%)

| spoken = Mandarin (1.7%) Cantonese (1.63%) Punjabi (1.44%) Spanish (1.32%) Tagalog (1.24%) Arabic (1.21%) German (1.1%) Italian (1.08%) Others (12.7%)

| footnote = Language figures are from the 2016 Canadian census and based on total number of first language speakers (mother tongue), and not total number of individuals who may speak the language as a second (L2), third (L3), or more language. See knowledge of languages for this information.

}}

Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024. The main driver of population growth is immigration, with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023, or about 2.5 million people. In 2025, Canada's population officially stood at 41.5 million, an estimated decrease of 76,068. 2024 saw the lowest recorded total fertility rate in the country's history, at around 1.25; this rate is among the lowest in the world.

Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world, driven mainly by economic policy and, to a lesser extent, family reunification. In 2024–2025, a total of 435,421 immigrants were admitted to Canada. New immigrants to Canada settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements.

History

Population

[[File:Population density per province by Canada gradient map (2021).svg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|Population density of Canadian provinces and territories

]]

The 2021 Canadian census had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population. A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.

Provinces and territories

The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia.

Cities

{{Largest cities

| country = Canada

| stat_ref = 2021 Census

| list_by_pop = List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population

| div_name = Province

| city_1 = Toronto | div_1 = Ontario | pop_1 = 2,794,356

| city_2 = Montreal | div_2 = Quebec | pop_2 = 1,762,949

| city_3 = Calgary | div_3 = Alberta | pop_3 = 1,306,784

| city_4 = Ottawa | div_4 = Ontario | pop_4 = 1,017,449

| city_5 = Edmonton | div_5 = Alberta | pop_5 = 1,010,899

| city_6 = Winnipeg | div_6 = Manitoba| pop_6 = 749,607

| city_7 = Mississauga | div_7 = Ontario | pop_7 = 717,961

| city_8 = Vancouver | div_8 = British Columbia | pop_8 = 662,248

| city_9 = Brampton | div_9 = Ontario | pop_9 = 656,480

| city_10 = Hamilton, OntarioHamilton | div_10 = Ontario | pop_10 = 569,353

| city_11 = Surrey, British ColumbiaSurrey | div_11 = British Columbia | pop_11 = 568,322

| city_12 = Quebec City | div_12 = Quebec | pop_12 = 549,459

| city_13 = Halifax, Nova ScotiaHalifax | div_13 = Nova Scotia | pop_13 = 439,819

| city_14 = Laval, QuebecLaval | div_14 = Quebec | pop_14 = 438,366

| city_15 = London, OntarioLondon | div_15 = Ontario | pop_15 = 422,324

| city_16 = Markham, OntarioMarkham | div_16 = Ontario | pop_16 = 338,503

| city_17 = Vaughan | div_17 = Ontario | pop_17 = 323,103

| city_18 = Gatineau | div_18 = Quebec | pop_18 = 291,041

| city_19 = Saskatoon | div_19 = Saskatchewan | pop_19 = 266,141

| city_20 = Kitchener, OntarioKitchener | div_20 = Ontario | pop_20 = 256,885

}}

Census metropolitan areas

Fertility rate

The total fertility rate is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement and since then has not rebounded.

Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.25 children born per woman in 2024, maintaining its second year in a row with 'ultra-low fertility' (<1.30). In 2022, Canada also experienced the country's lowest absolute number of births in 17 years. From 2021 to 2022, Canada's TFR decreased by −7.4%, its largest drop in 50 years. The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"

! rowspan="30" |Total fertility rate

! colspan="10" |Years

!1861

!1862

!1863

!1864

!1865

!1866

!1867

!1868

!1869

!1870

|5.72

|5.63

|5.54

|5.44

|5.35

|5.26

|5.17

|5.07

|4.98

|4.89

!1871

!1872

!1873

!1874

!1875

!1876

!1877

!1878

!1879

!1880

|4.83

|4.77

|4.75

|4.72

|4.7

|4.68

|4.65

|4.63

|4.6

|4.53

!1881

!1882

!1883

!1884

!1885

!1886

!1887

!1888

!1899

!1890

|4.56

|4.52

|4.49

|4.45

|4.42

|4.38

|4.35

|4.31

|4.27

|4.24

!1891

!1892

!1893

!1894

!1895

!1896

!1897

!1898

!1899

!1900

|4.2

|4.19

|4.17

|4.15

|4.13

|4.11

|4.1

|4.08

|4.06

|4.04

!1901

!1902

!1903

!1904

!1905

!1906

!1907

!1908

!1909

!1910

|4.02

|4.03

|4.04

|4.05

!1911

!1912

!1913

!1914

!1915

!1916

!1917

!1918

!1919

!1920

|4.05

|3.95

|3.89

|3.84

|3.79

|3.74

|3.68

|3.63

|3.58

!1921

!1922

!1923

!1924

!1925

!1926

!1927

!1928

!1929

!1930

|3.53

|3.4

|3.23

|3.22

|3.13

|3.35

|3.32

|3.29

|3.22

|3.28

!1931

!1932

!1933

!1934

!1935

!1936

!1937

!1938

!1939

!1940

|3.19

|3.08

|2.86

|2.8

|2.75

|2.69

|2.64

|2.7

|2.65

|2.76

!1941

!1942

!1943

!1944

!1945

!1946

!1947

!1948

!1949

!1950

|2.82

|2.96

|3.04

|3.01

|3.37

|3.59

|3.44

|3.45

!1961

!1971

!1981

!1991

!2001

!2006

!2011

!2016

!2021

|3.81

|2.11

|1.65

|1.67

|1.52

|1.6

|1.63

|1.58

|1.46

| –

Total fertility rates by provinces and territories

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"|-

|+ 2024Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard

!Province/Territory

!TFR

|||2.34

|||1.58

|||1.50

|||1.41

|||1.39

|||1.34

|||1.26

|||1.25

|||1.21

|||1.12

|||1.10

|||1.08

|||1.02

Mother's mean age at first birth

Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.

{| class="wikitable"

! rowspan="27" |Average age of childbirth at first birth

! colspan="11" |Year

!1945

!1946

!1947

!1948

!1949

!1950

!1951

!1952

!1953

!1954

!1955

|25.2

|25.1

|24.9

|24.7

|24.6

|24.5

|24.3

|24.2

|24.1

!1956

!1957

!1958

!1959

!1960

!1961

!1962

!1963

!1964

!1965

!1966

|24

|23.9

|23.8

|23.7

|23.6

|23.5

!1967

!1968

!1969

!1970

!1971

!1972

!1973

!1974

!1975

!1976

!1977

|23.6

|23.7

|23.9

|24

|24.1

|24.3

|24.4

|24.5

!1978

!1979

!1980

!1981

!1982

!1983

!1984

!1985

!1986

!1987

!1988

|24.7

|24.8

|24.9

|25

|25.1

|25.3

|25.4

|25.5

|25.6

|25.7

|25.8

!1989

!1990

!1991

!1992

!1993

!1994

!1995

!1996

!1997

!1998

!1999

|25.8

|25.9

|26.1

|26.3

|26.2

|26.3

|26.5

|26.7

|26.8

|27

!2000

!2001

!2002

!2003

!2004

!2005

!2006

!2007

!2008

!2009

!2010

|27.1

|27.3

|27.5

|27.8

|27.9

|28

|28.1

|28.2

|28.4

!2011

| colspan="10" rowspan="3" |

|28.5

Historical population

{{Historical populations

|title=Historical population (since Confederation)

|align=centre

|1871|3689257

|1881|4324810

|1891|4833239

|1901|5371315

|1911|7206643

|1921|8787949

|1931|10374196

|1941|11506655

|1951|14009429

|1956|16080791

|1961|18238247

|1971|21568311

|1976|22992604

|1981|24343181

|1986|25309331

|1991|27296859

|1996|28846761

|2001|30007094

|2006|31612897

|2011|33476688

|2016|35151728

|2021|36991981

}}

Population projection

left|thumb|Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population growth rate (2016–2021).

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/World Bank, the population of Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 by 5.6 million, a 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States, 31.2% growth in Mexico, 8% in France and 27% or 1,423 million people globally.CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971–2008 (pdf pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 From 1991 to 2011, the population of the UK increased by 10%.

The population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%.

{{Historical populations

|title=High-growth scenario population projection (Statistics Canada, 2006)

|align=centre

|footnote=

|2021|39110000

|2031|44430000

|2041|49900000

|2051|56070000

|2061|63000000

}}

</div>

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation.

thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Canada since 1831

thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

! rowspan="19" |Life expectancy

! colspan="10" |Year

| colspan="2" |

|1831

|1841

|1851

|1861

|1871

|1881

|1891

|1901

| colspan="2" |1911

|39.0

|40.3

|41.0

|41.6

|42.6

|44.7

|45.2

|48.6

| colspan="2" |52.5

| colspan="2" |

|1921

|1922

|1923

|1924

|1925

|1926

|1927

|1928

| colspan="2" |1929

|57.0

|56.9

|58.8

|59.2

|57.2

|58.6

|58.4

| colspan="2" |57.9

| colspan="2" |

|1930

|1931

|1932

|1933

|1934

|1935

|1936

|1937

|1938

|1939

|58.9

|60.3

|61.4

|62.3

|62.7

|62.4

|62.7

|61.3

|63.3

|63.7

|1940

|1941

|1942

|1943

|1944

|1945

|1946

|1947

|1948

|1949

|64.0

|63.7

|64.6

|65.3

|66.3

|66.5

|66.7

|67.3

|67.6

|1950

|1950–55

|1955–60

|1960–65

|1965–70

|1970–75

|1975–80

|1980–85

| colspan="2" |1985–90

|68.2

|69.1

|70.3

|71.3

|72.2

|73.0

|74.3

|75.9

|76.8

| colspan="2" |

|1990–95

|1995–2000

|2000–2005

|2005–2010

|2010–2015

|2015–2020

| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |

|77.8

|78.6

|79.7

|80.8

|81.8

|83.7

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2016)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th

male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

thumb|upright=1.3|350px|Population pyramid of Canada over time from 1950 to 2020

Age characteristics

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.V.2016) (To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of '5' or '10.' As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.):

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

! width="80pt"|Age group

! width="80pt"|Male

! width="80pt"|Female

! width="80pt"|Total

! width="80pt"|%

| align="right" | Total

| align="right" | 17 264 200

| align="right" | 17 887 530

| align="right" | 35 151 730

| align="right" | 100

| align="right" | 0–4

| align="right" | 973 030

| align="right" | 925 760

| align="right" | 1 898 790

| align="right" | 5.40

| align="right" | 5–9

| align="right" | 1 034 685

| align="right" | 983 445

| align="right" | 2 018 130

| align="right" | 5.74

| align="right" | 10–14

| align="right" | 985 200

| align="right" | 937 445

| align="right" | 1 922 645

| align="right" | 5.47

| align="right" | 15–19

| align="right" | 1 039 215

| align="right" | 986 940

| align="right" | 2 026 160

| align="right" | 5.76

| align="right" | 20–24

| align="right" | 1 144 495

| align="right" | 1 098 200

| align="right" | 2 242 695

| align="right" | 6.38

| align="right" | 25–29

| align="right" | 1 144 475

| align="right" | 1 141 515

| align="right" | 2 285 990

| align="right" | 6.50

| align="right" | 30–34

| align="right" | 1 148 290

| align="right" | 1 181 105

| align="right" | 2 329 400

| align="right" | 6.63

| align="right" | 35–39

| align="right" | 1 118 635

| align="right" | 1 169 730

| align="right" | 2 288 365

| align="right" | 6.51

| align="right" | 40–44

| align="right" | 1 104 445

| align="right" | 1 150 690

| align="right" | 2 255 135

| align="right" | 6.42

| align="right" | 45–49

| align="right" | 1 157 755

| align="right" | 1 202 205

| align="right" | 2 359 965

| align="right" | 6.71

| align="right" | 50–54

| align="right" | 1 318 755

| align="right" | 1 359 320

| align="right" | 2 678 070

| align="right" | 7.62

| align="right" | 55–59

| align="right" | 1 285 190

| align="right" | 1 335 050

| align="right" | 2 620 240

| align="right" | 7.45

| align="right" | 60–64

| align="right" | 1 114 880

| align="right" | 1 175 630

| align="right" | 2 290 510

| align="right" | 6.52

| align="right" | 65–69

| align="right" | 953 070

| align="right" | 1 019 405

| align="right" | 1 972 475

| align="right" | 5.61

| align="right" | 70–74

| align="right" | 677 975

| align="right" | 742 900

| align="right" | 1 420 875

| align="right" | 4.04

| align="right" | 75–79

| align="right" | 469 550

| align="right" | 552 305

| align="right" | 1 021 850

| align="right" | 2.91

| align="right" | 80–84

| align="right" | 325 760

| align="right" | 423 885

| align="right" | 749 645

| align="right" | 2.13

| align="right" | 85–89

| align="right" | 185 535

| align="right" | 296 985

| align="right" | 482 525

| align="right" | 1.37

| align="right" | 90–94

| align="right" | 68 675

| align="right" | 154 835

| align="right" | 223 505

| align="right" | 0.64

| align="right" | 95–99

| align="right" | 13 245

| align="right" | 43 280

| align="right" | 56 525

| align="right" | 0.16

| align="right" | 100+

| align="right" | 1 340

| align="right" | 6 895

| align="right" | 8 230

| align="right" | 0.02

! width="50"|Age group

! width="80pt"|Male

! width="80"|Female

! width="80"|Total

! width="50"|Percent

| align="right" | 0–14

| align="right" | 2 992 915

| align="right" | 2 846 650

| align="right" | 5 839 565

| align="right" | 16.61

| align="right" | 15–64

| align="right" | 11 576 135

| align="right" | 11 800 390

| align="right" | 23 376 525

| align="right" | 66.50

| align="right" | 65+

| align="right" | 2 695 150

| align="right" | 3 240 490

| align="right" | 5 935 640

| align="right" | 16.89

Age structure

0–14 years: 15.99% (male 3,094,008/female 2,931,953)

15–24 years: 11.14% (male 2,167,013/female 2,032,064)

25–54 years: 39.81% (male 7,527,554/female 7,478,737)

55–64 years: 14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858)

65 years and over: 18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 40th

male: 40.6 years

female: 42.9 years (2020 est.)

Median age in 2011

total: 40.6 years

male: 39.6 years

female: 41.5 years (2011)

Median age by province and territory in 2011

Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0

Nova Scotia: 43.7

New Brunswick: 43.7

Prince Edward Island: 42.8

Quebec: 41.9

British Columbia: 41.9

Ontario: 40.4

Yukon: 39.1

Manitoba: 38.4

Saskatchewan: 38.2

Alberta: 36.5

Northwest Territories: 32.3

Nunavut: 24.1

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25–54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est).

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 47.3

youth dependency ratio: 23.5

elderly dependency ratio: 23.8

potential support ratio: 4.2 (2015 est.)

Vital statistics

Source: B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750–2000. United nations. Demographic YearbooksPopulation estimates on July 1, by age and gender, Statistics Canada, visited 18 august 2024

Notable events in Canadian demographics:

1947–1966 – Mid-20th century baby boom

{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under sticky-header-multi" style="text-align:right;"

! style="width:70pt;" | Average population (July 1)

! style="width:70pt;" | Live births

! style="width:70pt;" | Deaths

! style="width:70pt;" | Natural change

! style="width:70pt;" | Birth rate (per 1,000)

! style="width:70pt;" | Death rate (per 1,000)

! style="width:70pt;" | Natural change (per 1,000)

! style="width:70pt;" | Crude Migration change (per 1,000)

! style="width:70pt;" | Total fertility rate

| 1900

|5,500,000

| style="text-align:right; color:red;" |150,000

|89,000||61,000

|27.2|| style="color:red;" |16.2||11.0|| ||style="color:blue;" |

| 1901

|5,600,000

|175,000||79,000||96,000

|31.2||14.1||17.1||0.8||style="color:blue;" |

| 1902

|5,760,000

|180,000

| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |77,000

|103,000

|31.3||13.4||17.9||9.9||style="color:blue;" |4.8

| 1903

|5,930,000

|186,000||78,000||108,000

|31.3||13.2||18.1||10.6||style="color:blue;" |

| 1904

|6,100,000

|192,000||82,000||110,000

|31.4||13.5||17.9||10.0||style="color:blue;" |

| 1905

|6,280,000

|195,000||82,000||113,000

|31.0||13.0||18.0||10.7||style="color:blue;" |

| 1906

|6,460,000

|193,000||85,000||108,000

|29.9||13.2||16.7||11.2||style="color:blue;" |

| 1907

|6,650,000

|196,000||85,000||111,000

|29.5||12.8||16.7||11.9||style="color:blue;" |4.74

| 1908

|6,850,000

|208,000||86,000||122,000

|30.3||12.6||17.7||11.5||style="color:blue;" |

| 1909

|7,040,000

|213,000||90,000||123,000

|30.2||12.8||17.4||9.6||style="color:blue;" |

| 1910

|7,250,000

|220,000||95,000||125,000

|30.4||13.1||17.3||11.7||style="color:blue;" |

| 1911

|7,460,000

|225,000||100,000||125,000

|30.1||13.4||16.7||11.5||style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.7

| 1912

|7,610,000

|238,000||99,000||139,000

|31.3||13.0||19.3||0.4||style="color:blue;" |4.62

| 1913

|7,760,000

|246,000||102,000||144,000

|31.7||13.1||19.6||−0.3||style="color:blue;" |

| 1914

|7,910,000

|252,000||100,000||152,000

| style="color:blue;" |31.9||12.6||19.3||−0.3||style="color:blue;" |

| 1915

|8,060,000

|257,000||101,000||156,000

|31.9||12.5||19.4||−0.8||style="color:blue;" |

| 1916

|8,220,000

|252,000||107,000||145,000

|30.7||13.0||17.7||1.8||style="color:blue;" |

| 1917

|8,380,000

|244,000||106,000||138,000

|29.1||12.7||16.4||2.7||style="color:blue;" |4.26

| 1918

|8,450,000

|243,000||134,000||109,000

|28.8||15.9||12.9||−4.6|| style="color:blue;" |

| 1919

|8,710,000

|241,000||119,000||122,000

|27.7||13.7||14.0||15.9|| style="color:blue;" |

| 1920

|8,880,000

|259,000||118,000||141,000

|29.2||13.3||15.9|| 3.2||style="color:blue;" |

| 1921

|9,060,000

|265,000||105,000||160,000

|29.3||11.6||17.7|| 2.2|| style="color:blue;" |3.98

| 1922

|9,230,000

|261,000||107,000||154,000

|28.3||11.6||16.7|| 1.7||style="color:blue;" |3.86

| 1923

|9,400,000

|251,000||111,000||140,000

|26.7||11.8||14.9|| 3.2||style="color:blue;" |

| 1924

|9,560,000

|255,000||104,000||151,000

|26.7||10.9||15.8|| 0.9||style="color:blue;" |

| 1925

|9,730,000

|254,000||104,000||150,000

|26.1||10.7||15.4|| 2.1||style="color:blue;" |

| 1926

|9,890,000

|244,000||113,000||131,000

|24.7||11.4||13.3|| 2.9||style="color:blue;" |

| 1927

|10,040,000

|244,000||110,000||134,000

|24.3||11.0||13.3|| 1.6||style="color:blue;" |3.32

| 1928

|10,190,000

|246,000||114,000||132,000

|24.1||11.2||12.9|| 1.8||style="color:blue;" |

| 1929

|10,350,000

|243,000||118,000||125,000

|23.5||11.4||12.1|| 3.4||style="color:blue;" |3.22

| 1930

|10,498,000

|251,000||113,000||138,000

|23.9||10.8||13.1|| 1.0||style="color:blue;" |3.28

| 1931

|10,630,000

|247,000||108,000||139,000

|23.2||10.2||13.0||−0.6||style="color:blue;" |3.2

| 1932

|10,794,000

|243,000||108,000||135,000

|22.5||10.0||12.5|| 2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.08

| 1933

|10,919,000

|229,000||106,000||123,000

|21.0||9.7||11.3|| 0.1||style="color:blue;" |2.86

| 1934

|11,029,000

|228,296||105,277||123,019

|20.7||9.5||11.2||−1.2||style="color:blue;" |2.8

| 1935

|11,135,000

|228,396||109,724||118,672

|20.5||9.9||10.6||−1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.76

| 1936

|11,242,000

|227,980||111,111||116,869

|20.3||9.9||10.4||−0.9||style="color:blue;" |2.70

| 1937

|11,339,000

|227,878||118,019||109,859

|20.1||10.4||9.7||−1.1||style="color:blue;" |2.65

| 1938

|11,448,000

|237,091||110,647||126,444

|20.7||9.7||11.0||−1.5||style="color:blue;" |2.70

| 1939

|11,565,000

|237,991||112,729||125,262

|20.6||9.7||10.9||−0.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.65

| 1940

|11,682,000

|252,577||114,717||137,860

|21.6||9.8||11.8||−1.8||style="color:blue;" |2.77

| 1941

|11,810,000

|263,993||118,797||145,196

|22.4||10.1||12.3||−1.5|| style="color:blue;" |2.83

| 1942

|11,962,000

|281,569||117,110||164,459

|23.5||9.8||13.7||−1.0|| style="color:blue;" |2.96

| 1943

|12,125,000

|292,943||122,640||170,303

|24.2||10.1||14.1||−0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.04

| 1944

|12,291,000

|283,967||120,393||163,574

|24.0||9.8||14.2||−0.7||style="color:blue;" |3.01

| 1945

|12,441,000

|300,570||117,319||183,251

|24.3||9.5||14.8||−2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.02

| 1946

|12,316,000

|331,471||115,358||216,113

|26.9||9.4||17.5|| style="color:red;"|−27.6||style="color:blue;" |3.37

| 1947

|12,576,000

|359,943||118,157||241,786

|28.6||9.4||19.2|| 1.5||style="color:blue;" |3.60

| 1948

|12,852,000

|348,226||119,866||228,360

|27.1||9.3||17.8|| 3.7||style="color:blue;" |3.44

| 1949

|13,475,000

|367,092||124,567||242,525

|27.2||9.2||18.0||28.2||style="color:blue;" |3.46

| 1950

|13,737,000

|372,009||124,220||247,789

|27.1||9.0||18.0|| 1.1||style=" color:blue;" |3.46

| 1951

|14,050,000

|381,092||125,823||255,269

|27.1||9.0||18.2|| 4.1|| style="color:blue;" |3.50

| 1952

|14,496,000

|403,559||126,385||277,174

|27.8||8.7||19.1|| 11.7||style="color:blue;" |3.64

| 1953

|14,886,000

|417,884||127,791||290,093

|28.1||8.6||19.5|| 6.7||style="color:blue;" |3.72

| 1954

|15,330,000

|436,198||124,855||311,343

|28.5||8.1||style="color:blue;"|20.3||8.7|| style="color:blue;" |3.83

| 1955

|15,736,000

|442,937||128,476||314,461

|28.1||8.2||20.0|| 5.8||style="color:blue;" |3.83

| 1956

|16,123,000

|450,739||131,961||318,778

|28.0||8.2||19.8||4.2|| style="color:blue;" |3.86

| 1957

|16,677,000

|469,093||136,579||332,514

|28.1||8.2||19.9|| 13.3||style="color:blue;" |3.93

| 1958

|17,120,000

|470,118||135,201||334,917

|27.5||7.9||19.6|| 6.3||style="color:blue;" |3.88

| 1959

|17,522,000

| style="color:blue;" |479,275

|139,913||style="color:blue;" |339,362

|27.4||8.0||19.4|| 3.5||style="color:blue;" |3.94

| 1960

|17,909,000

|478,551||139,693||338,858

|26.7||7.8||18.9|| 2.7||style="color:blue;" |3.895

| 1961

|18,271,000

|475,700||140,985||334,715

|26.0||7.7||18.3|| 1.5||style="color:blue;" |3.840

| 1962

|18,614,000

|469,693||143,699||325,994

|25.2||7.7||17.5|| 0.9||style="color:blue;" |3.767

| 1963

|18,964,000

|465,767||147,367||318,400

|24.6||7.8||16.8|| 1.7||style="color:blue;" |3.694

| 1964

|19,325,000

|452,915||145,850||307,065

|23.4||7.5||15.9|| 2.8||style="color:blue;" |3.449

| 1965

|19,678,000

|418,595||148,939||269,656

|21.3||7.6||13.7|| 4.2||style="color:blue;" |3.192

| 1966

|20,048,000

|387,710||149,863||237,847

|19.3||7.5||11.9|| 6.6||style="color:blue;" |2.749

| 1967

|20,412,000

|370,894||150,283||220,611

|18.2||7.4||10.8|| 7.0||style="color:blue;" |2.528

| 1968

|20,729,000

|364,310||153,196||211,114

|17.6||7.4||10.2|| 5.1||style="color:blue;" |2.386

| 1969

|21,028,000

|369,647||154,477||215,170

|17.6||7.3||10.2||4.0|| style="color:blue;" |2.334

| 1970

|21,324,000

|371,988||155,961||216,027

|17.4||7.3||10.1||3.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.258

| 1971

|21,962,032

|362,187||157,272||204,915

|16.5||7.2||9.3||19.8|| style="color:blue;" |2.141

| 1972

|22,218,463

|347,319||162,413||184,906

|15.6||7.3||8.3||3.2||1.98

| 1973

|22,491,777

|343,373||164,039||179,334

|15.3||7.3||8.0||4.2||1.89

| 1974

|22,807,969

|350,650||166,794||183,856

|15.4||7.3||8.1||5.8||1.837

| 1975

|23,143,275

|359,323||167,176||192,147

|15.5||7.2||8.3||6.2||1.824

| 1976

|23,449,808

|359,987||167,009||192,978

|15.4||7.1||8.2||4.9||1.796

| 1977

|23,725,843

|361,400||167,498||193,902

|15.2||7.1||8.2||3.4||1.782

| 1978

|23,963,203

|358,852||168,179||190,673

|15.0

|7.0||8.0||1.9||1.768

| 1979

|24,201,544

|366,064||168,183||197,881

|15.1|| style="color:blue;" |6.9||8.2||1.6||1.754

| 1980

|24,515,667

|370,709||171,473||199,236

|15.1||7.0||8.1||4.7||1.74

| 1981

|24,819,915

|371,346||171,029||200,317

|15.0||6.9||8.1||4.2||1.7

| 1982

|25,116,942

|373,082||174,413||198,669

|14.9||6.9||7.9||3.9||1.69

| 1983

|25,366,451

|373,689||174,484||199,205

|14.7||6.9||7.9||1.9||1.68

| 1984

|25,607,053

|377,031||175,727||201,304

|14.7||6.9||7.9||1.5||1.65

| 1985

|25,842,116

|375,727||181,323||194,404

|14.5||7.0||7.5||1.6||1.67

| 1986

|26,100,278

|372,913||184,224||188,689

|14.3||7.1||7.2||2.7||1.675

| 1987

|26,446,601

|369,742||184,953||184,789

|14.0||7.0||7.0||6.1||1.68

| 1988

|26,791,747

|376,795||190,011||186,784

|14.1||7.1||7.0||5.9||1.68

| 1989

|27,276,781

|392,661||190,965||201,696

|14.4||7.0||7.4||10.4||1.77

| 1990

|27,691,138

|405,486||191,973||213,513

|14.6||6.9||7.7||7.3||1.83

| 1991

|28,037,420

|403,816||195,569||208,247

|14.4||7.0||7.4||5.0||1.72

| 1992

|28,371,264

|399,109||196,535||202,574

|14.1||6.9||7.1||4.7||1.71

| 1993

|28,684,764

|389,037||204,912||184,125

|13.5||7.1||6.4||4.5||1.68

| 1994

|29,000,663

|386,243||207,077||179,166

|13.3||7.1||6.1||4.8||1.69

| 1995

|29,302,311

|378,685||210,733||167,952

|12.9||7.2||5.7||4.6||1.67

| 1996

|29,610,218

|366,833||212,880||153,953

|12.4||7.2||5.2||5.2||1.63

| 1997

|29,905,948

|349,543||215,669||133,874

|11.7||7.2||4.4||5.5||1.57

| 1998

|30,155,173

|342,966||218,091||124,875

|11.4||7.2||4.1||4.2||1.56

| 1999

|30,401,286

|337,821||219,530||118,291

|11.1||7.2||3.9||4.2||1.54

| 2000

|30,685,730

|328,596||218,062||110,534

|10.7||7.1||3.6||5.7||1.51

| 2001

|31,020,902

|334,615||219,538||115,077

|10.8||7.1||3.7||7.1||1.54

| 2002

|31,360,079

|329,894||223,603||106,291

|10.5||7.1||3.4||7.4||1.51

| 2003

|31,644,028

|336,352||226,169||110,183

|10.6||7.1||3.4||5.6||1.54

| 2004

|31,940,655

|339,012||226,584||112,428

|10.6||7.1||3.5||5.8||1.55

| 2005

|32,243,753

|345,365||230,132||115,233

|10.6||7.1||3.5||5.9||1.57

| 2006

|32,571,174

|357,921||228,079||129,842

|10.9||7.0||3.9||6.2||1.61

| 2007

|32,888,886

|370,369||235,217||135,152

|11.2||7.2||4.0||5.7||1.66

| 2008

|33,247,298

|381,860||238,617||143,243

|11.4||7.2||4.2||6.6||1.69

| 2009

|33,630,069

|384,651||238,418||146,233

|11.3||7.1||4.2||7.2||1.68

| 2010

|34,005,905

|379,191||240,075||139,116

|11.1||7.1||4.0||7.1||1.64

| 2011

|34,339,221

|379,244||243,511||135,733

|11.0||7.1||3.9||5.9||1.62

| 2012

|34,713,395

|383,101||246,596||136,505

|11.0||7.1||3.9||7.0||1.62

| 2013

|35,080,992

|381,054||252,338||128,716

|10.8||7.2||3.6||7.0|| 1.60

|2014

|35,434,066

|384,577||258,821||125,756

|10.8||7.3||3.5||6.5||1.61

|2015

|35,704,498

|382,979||264,333||118,646

|10.7||7.4||3.3||4.1||1.60

|2016

|36,110,803

|384,023||267,213||116,810

|10.6||7.4||3.2||8.1||1.59

|2017

|36,545,075

|377,627||278,298||99,329

|10.3||7.6||2.7||9.2||1.54

|2018

|37,072,620

|374,617||285,675||88,942

|10.1||7.7||2.4||12.0||1.50

|2019

|37,618,495

|372,978||285,270||87,708

|9.9||7.6||2.3|| 12.4||1.47

|2020

|38,028,638

|361,582||307,205||54,377

|9.5||8.1||1.4||9.4|| 1.41

|2021

|38,239,864

|372,564||311,942||60,622

|9.7||8.2||1.6||4.2||1.44

|2022

|38,950,132

|355,134||326,483||28,651

| 9.1||8.4|| 0.7||17.6|| 1.33

|2023

|40,049,088

|352,644||337,708||style="color:red;" |14,936

| style="color:red;" | 8.8||8.4|| style="color:red;" |0.4|| style="color:blue"|29.0 || style="color:red;" | 1.27

|2024

|41,262,329

|365,737||style="color:red;" |345,829||18,757

| 8.9||8.4|| 0.5|| 28.4 || style="color:red;" | 1.27

|2025

|style="color:blue;"|41,651,653

|371,373||340,167|| 31,206

| 8.9||8.2||0.7||−3.2 || 1.28(e)

|2026

|41,472,081

|||||

| | |||| ||| |||

In 2024, more than two in five newborns (42.3%) in Canada had a foreign-born mother (i.e., a mother who was born outside Canada).

Current vital statistics

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! Period

! Live births

! Deaths

! Natural increase

! January–December 2024

| 365,737

| 345,829

| +18,757

! January–December 2025

| 371,373

| 340,167

| +31,206

! Difference

| +5,636

| -5,562

| +12,449

! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | Source:

Note: all numbers in this table are provisional. While data for at least two years ago may be final, newer data for recent days are subject to change in the future. For example, as of September 25, 2024, the numbers are final up to December 2021, updated from January 2022 to March 2024 and preliminary from April 2024.

Employment

{{Bar box|bars=

|title=Canadian Unemployment Rates, June 2025|float=right|right2=Unemployment Rate|left1=Age}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+Unemployment Rates, June 2025

!Age Group

!Percent Unemployed

|Youth (15–24)

|14.2%

|Core-age (25–54)

|5.8%

|55+

|5.4%

|Total (15+)

|6.9%

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 (2020 est.)

total: 20.2%

male: 20.9%

female: 19.4%

Ethnicity and visible minorities

Canadians as ethnic group by province

All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify directly with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage, intermarriage with a variety of ethnic groups, and loss of ancestral language.

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

! Province / Territory !! Percent Canadians

!Total Canadians

| Alberta ||22.7%

|902,310

| British Columbia ||19.0%

|866,530

| Manitoba ||18.2%

|232,660

| New Brunswick ||57.8%

|415,810

| Newfoundland and Labrador ||43.4%

|271,345

| Nova Scotia ||42.6%

|387,360

| Ontario ||23.5%

|3,109,770

| Prince Edward Island ||45.0%

|60,000

| Quebec ||60.1%

|4,474,115

| Saskatchewan ||25.0%

|274,580

! Canada total || 32.3% || 11,136,134

Ethnic origin

thumb|upright=1.1|Ethnic composition from 1981 to 2021

upright=1.1|thumb|Visible minorities over time including projections

thumb|upright=1.1|Ethnic composition by age group, 2021

thumb|Visible minorities as population pyramid, 2016

thumb|Largest pan-ethnicity in Canada by census division, 2021

According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians. The major panethnic groups chosen were: European (), North American (), Asian (), North American Indigenous (), African (), Latin, Central and South American (), Caribbean (), Oceanian (), and Other (). Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Indian (5.1 percent),

Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being "White", representing 69.8 percent of the population. The Indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021. One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority, the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).

As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

thumb|Largest self reported ethnic and cultural origins by census division, 2021

Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021.

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

! scope="col" | Ethnic origin

! %

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="row" | Canadian

| 15.6%

| style="text-align:right;"| 5,677,205

! scope="row" | English

| 14.7%

| style="text-align:right;"| 5,322,830

! scope="row" | Irish

| 12.1%

| style="text-align:right;"| 4,413,120

! scope="row" | Scottish

| 12.1%

| style="text-align:right;"| 4,392,200

! scope="row" | French

| 11.0%

| style="text-align:right;"| 3,985,945

! scope="row" | German

| 8.1%

| style="text-align:right;"| 2,955,695

! scope="row" | Indian

| 5.1%

| style="text-align:right;"| 1,855,415

! scope="row" | Chinese

| 4.7%

| style="text-align:right;"| 1,713,870

! scope="row" | Italian

| 4.3%

| style="text-align:right;"| 1,546,390

! scope="row" | Ukrainian

| 3.5%

| style="text-align:right;"| 1,258,635

! scope="row" | Dutch

| 2.7%

| style="text-align:right;"| 988,585

! scope="row" | Polish

| 2.7%

| style="text-align:right;"| 982,820

! scope="row" | Québécois

| 2.7%

| style="text-align:right;"| 981,635

! scope="row" | British Isles, n.o.s.

| 2.6%

| style="text-align:right;"| 981,635

! scope="row" | Filipino

| 2.5%

| style="text-align:right;"| 925,490

! scope="row" | French Canadian

| 2.5%

| style="text-align:right;"| 906,315

! scope="row" | Caucasian (White), n.o.s.

| 1.9%

| style="text-align:right;"| 691,260

! scope="row" | First Nations, n.o.s.

| 1.7%

| style="text-align:right;"| 632,340

! scope="row" | Métis

| 1.5%

| style="text-align:right;"| 560,335

! scope="row" | European, n.o.s.

| 1.5%

| style="text-align:right;"| 551,910

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006 (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), French (29.1%)
New Brunswick (735,835): Canadian (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): Canadian (49.0%), English (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
Nova Scotia (906,170): Canadian (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
Prince Edward Island (137,375): Scottish (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%)
Ontario (12,651,795): Canadian (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%)
Alberta (3,567,980): English (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
Manitoba (1,174,345): English (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), Ukrainian (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
Saskatchewan (1,008,760): German (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), North American Indian (12.1%)
British Columbia (4,324,455): English (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), Chinese (10.7%)
Yukon (33,320): English (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
Northwest Territories (40,800): North American Indian (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
Nunavut (31,700): Inuit (85.4%)

Italics indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

Visible minority population

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

|+ Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 1981–1996

! rowspan="2"| Group

! colspan="2" | 1981 census

! colspan="2" | 1986 census

! colspan="2" | 1991 census

! colspan="2" | 1996 censusStatistics Canada, Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)

|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

|- class="sortbottom"

! Visible minority ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| South Asian ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Chinese (East Asian) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Black ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Filipino ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Latin American ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Arab/West Asian ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Southeast Asian(except Filipino) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Korean (East Asian) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Japanese (East Asian) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Multiple visible minorities ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Visible minority, ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Other ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

! Not a visible minority ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Indigenous(see breakdown below) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Non-Indigenous &Non-Visible Minority(European/White) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

! Total population inprivate households ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

Note: Indigenous population decline between 1991 and 1996 censuses attributed to change in criteria in census count; "the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples used a more restrictive definition of Aboriginal".

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

|+ Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 2001–2021

! rowspan="2"| Group

! colspan="2" | 2001 census

! colspan="2" | 2006 census

! colspan="2" | 2011 survey

! colspan="2" | 2016 census

! colspan="2" | 2021 census

|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

! Total

! %

|- class="sortbottom"

! Visible minority ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| South Asian ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Chinese (East Asian) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| || style="text-align:center;"| ||align=center| || style="text-align:center;"|

|| Black ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Filipino ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Arab ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Latin American ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Southeast Asian(except Filipino) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| West Asian ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Korean (East Asian) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|| Japanese (East Asian) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Multiple visible minorities ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Visible minority, ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

! Not a visible minority ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Indigenous(see breakdown below) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

|| Non-Indigenous &Non-Visible Minority(European/White) ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

|- class="sortbottom"

! Total population inprivate households ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center| ||align=center|

Indigenous population

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

|+ Indigenous population in Canada, 1996–2021 censuses

! rowspan="2"| Group

! colspan="2" | 1996Statistics Canada, Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)

! colspan="2" | 2001Statistics Canada , Community Highlights for Canada

! colspan="2" | 2006Statistics Canada , 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)

! colspan="2" | 2011Statistics Canada, NHS Profile, Canada, 2011

! colspan="2" | 2016

! colspan="2" | 2021

|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"

! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total !! % !! Total

|align="left"|Total Indigenous

|2.8%

|799,005

|3.3%

|976,305

|3.8%

|1,172,785

|4.3%

|1,400,685

|4.9%

|1,673,780

|1,807,250

|align="left"|First Nations

|1.8%

|529,040

|2.1%

|608,850

|2.2%

|698,025

|2.6%

|851,560

|2.8%

|977,230

|1,048,405

|align="left"|Métis

|0.7%

|204,115

|1.0%

|292,305

|1.2%

|389,780

|1.4%

|451,795

|1.7%

|587,545

|624,220

|align="left"|Inuit

|0.14%

|40,220

|0.16%

|50,485

|0.2%

|59,445

|0.2%

|65,025

|70,540

Note: Other Indigenous and mixed Indigenous groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Indigenous

Future projections

Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of the total Canadian population by 2041, compared with 26.5% in 2021. Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population, compared to 28.5% in 2021.

{| class="cx-linter-tag"

| valign="top" |

{{Pie chart

| thumb = left

| caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031)

| label1 = European

| value1 = 59.79

| label2 = South Asian

| value2 = 9.82

| label3 = East Asian

| value3 = 7.15

| label4 = Indigenous

| value4 = 5.69

| label5 = African

| value5 = 5.46

| label6 = Southeast Asian

| value6 = 4.60

| label7 = Middle Eastern

| value7 = 4.13

| label8 = Latin American

| value8 = 1.88

| label9 = Other

| value9 = 1.48

}}

| valign="top" |

{{Pie chart

| thumb = left

| caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2036)

| label1 = European

| value1 = 56.25

| label2 = South Asian

| value2 = 10.94

| label3 = East Asian

| value3 = 7.53

| label4 = Indigenous

| value4 = 5.84

| label5 = African

| value5 = 6.03

| label6 = Southeast Asian

| value6 = 5.08

| label7 = Middle Eastern

| value7 = 4.68

| label8 = Latin American

| value8 = 2.03

| label9 = Other

| value9 = 1.62

}}

| valign="top" |

{{Pie chart

| thumb = left

| caption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2041)

| label1 = European

| value1 = 53.07

| label2 = South Asian

| value2 = 11.87

| label3 = East Asian

| value3 = 7.85

| label4 = Indigenous

| value4 = 5.97

| label5 = African

| value5 = 6.57

| label6 = Southeast Asian

| value6 = 5.54

| label7 = Middle Eastern

| value7 = 5.19

| label8 = Latin American

| value8 = 2.17

| label9 = Other

| value9 = 1.76

}}

{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"

|+ Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031−2041)

! rowspan=2 |

! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|2031

! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|2036

! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|2041

!Population

European

| 26,085,000

| 25,749,000

| 25,296,000

South Asian

| 4,283,000

| 5,010,000

| 5,658,000

East Asian

| 3,120,000

| 3,445,000

| 3,740,000

African

| 2,381,000

| 2,762,000

| 3,134,000

Indigenous

| 2,484,000

| 2,673,000

| 2,848,000

Southeast Asian

| 2,009,000

| 2,324,000

| 2,640,000

Middle Eastern

| 1,801,000

| 2,141,000

| 2,475,000

Latin American

| 821,000

| 931,000

| 1,036,000

Other

| 644,000

| 742,000

| 841,000

20px ProjectedCanadianPopulation

| 43,629,000

| 45,776,000

| 47,668,000

Languages

Knowledge of language

{{bar box

|title=Top ten spoken languages in Canada 2021 census

|titlebar=#ddd

|left1=Language

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

}}

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses, and first appeared on the 1991 Canadian census. The following figures are from the 1991 Canadian census, 2001 Canadian census, 2011 Canadian census, and the 2021 Canadian census.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

|+Knowledge of Languages in Canada

! rowspan="2" |Language

! colspan="2" |2021

! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="language2011">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17

|title=NHS Profile, Canada, 2011 Non-official language |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="language2001">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2001

|title=Languages in Canada: 2001 Census |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/96-326-x/96-326-x2001001-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/96-326-x/96-326-x2001001-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

! colspan="2" |1991

| English

| 31,628,570

| 28,360,235<ref name="language2011B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17

|title=Census Profile Language |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

| 25,246,220

| 22,505,415

| French

| 10,563,235

| 9,960,585

| 9,178,100

| 8,508,960

| Chinese

| 1,528,860

| 1,297,505

| 1,028,445

| 557,305

| Hindustani

| 1,176,295

| 576,165

| 366,740

| 163,930

| Spanish

| 1,171,450

| 873,395

| 610,580

| 402,430

| Punjabi

| 942,170

| 545,730

| 338,720

| 167,925

| Arabic

| 838,045

| 470,965

| 290,280

| 164,380

| Tagalog

| 737,565

| 491,075

| 244,690

| 136,975

| Italian

| 547,655

| 595,600

| 680,970

| 701,910

| German

| 419,195

| 525,480

| 635,520

| 684,955

| Portuguese

| 336,865

| 266,950

| 264,990

| 254,465

| Persian

| 330,725

| 196,110

| 111,700

| 49,380

| Russian

| 309,235

| 230,755

| 157,455

| 84,050

| Tamil

| 237,890

| 179,465

| 111,580

| 37,330

| Vietnamese

| 232,800

| 192,070

| 165,645

| 113,115

| Gujarati

| 209,410

| 118,950

| 80,835

| 54,210

| Polish

| 204,460

| 217,735

| 249,695

| 239,575

| Korean

| 203,885

| 149,035

| 91,610

| 40,230

| Serbo-Croatian

| 155,775

| 154,700

| 153,085

| 100,541

| Greek

| 145,060

| 150,620

| 158,800

| 161,320

| Haitian Creole

| 134,895

| 128,555

| 76,140

| 49,970

| Ukrainian

| 131,655

| 144,260

| 200,520

| 249,535

| Bengali

| 120,605

| 69,490

| 34,650

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Romanian

| 116,520

| 97,180

| 60,520

| 30,520

| Dutch

| 107,985

| 135,085

| 157,875

| 173,290

| Cree

| 105,850

| 96,690

| 97,200

| 93,825

| Japanese

| 98,070

| 74,690

| 65,030

| 45,370

| Hebrew

| 83,205

| 70,695

| 63,675

| 52,450

| Turkish

| 78,500

| 44,080

| 32,520

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Malayalam

| 77,910

| 22,125

| 9,185

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Hungarian

| 64,625

| 73,695

| 89,230

| 97,410

| Ilocano

| 61,680

| 21,880

| N/A

| <0.03%

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Somali

| 59,005

| 37,115

| N/A

| <0.03%

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Swahili

| 57,295

| 31,690

| 25,300

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Telugu

| 54,685

| 12,645

| N/A

| <0.03%

| N/A

| <0.1%

| Armenian

| 44,500

| 36,235

| 32,900

| 20,515

Mother tongue

{{bar box

|title=Languages in Canada (Mother Tongue) 2016 Census

|titlebar=#ddd

|left1=Language

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+Languages of Canada

! rowspan="2" |First language

! colspan="2" |2016

! colspan="2" |2011

! colspan="2" |2006

!Notes

|Single language responses||33,947,610||||32,481,635||||30,848,270||||

|Official languages||26,627,545||||25,913,955||||24,700,425||||

|English||19,460,855||||18,858,980||||17,882,775||||

|French||7,166,700||||7,054,975||||6,817,650||||

|Non-official languages||7,321,070||||6,567,680||||6,147,840||||

|Combined Chinese Responses ||1,227,680||||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||Combined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan

|Mandarin (Standard Chinese)||592,035||||248,705||||170,950||||

|Cantonese||565,275||||372,460||||361,450||||

|Punjabi||501,680||||430,705||||367,505||||

|Spanish||458,850||||410,670||||345,345||||

|Tagalog (Filipino)||431,385||||327,445||||235,615||||

|Arabic||419,895||||327,870||||261,640||||

|German||384,040||||409,200||||450,570||||

|Italian||375,645||||407,485||||455,040||||

|Hindustani||321,465||||263,345||||224,045|||| Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu

|Portuguese||221,535||||211,335||||219,275||||

|Persian (Farsi)||214,200||||170,045||||134,080||||

|Urdu||210,820||||172,800||||145,805||||

|Dravidian languages||189,405||||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||Combined responses of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.

|Russian||188,255||||164,330||||133,580||||

|Polish||181,705||||191,645||||211,175||||

|Vietnamese||156,430||||144,880||||141,625||||

|Korean||153,425||||137,925||||125,570||||

|Tamil||140,720||||131,265||||115,880||||Most of the Canadian Tamils live in Toronto.

|Hindi||110,645||||90,545||||78,240||||

|Gujarati||108,775||||91,450||||81,465||||

|Greek||106,520||||108,925||||117,285||||

|Ukrainian||102,485||||111,540||||134,500||||

|Dutch||99,015||||110,490||||128,900||||

|Romanian||96,660||||90,300||||78,495||||

|Bengali||73,125||||59,370||||45,685||||

|Creoles||72,130||||61,725||||53,515||||

|Cree, n.o.s.||64,045||||77,900||||78,855||||In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.

|Hungarian||61,235||||67,920||||73,335||||The majority of Hungarian speakers in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of Windsor, Ontario.

|Berber languages (Kabyle)||n/a||n/a||57,855||||25,578||||

|Serbian||57,345||||56,420||||51,665||||

|Croatian||48,200||||49,730||||55,330||||

|Japanese||43,640||||39,985||||40,200||||

|Chinese, n.o.s.||38,575||||425,210||||456,705||||

|Somali||36,760||||31,380||||27,320||||

|Inuktitut||35,215||||33,500||||32,015||||In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.

|Armenian||33,455||||29,795||||30,130||||

|Turkish||32,815||||29,640||||24,745||||

|Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)||31,795||||n/a||n/a|||n/a||n/a||

|Malayalam||28,570||||16,080||||11,925||||

|Albanian||26,895||||23,820||||n/a||n/a||

|Ilocano||26,345||||17,915||||13,450||||

|Amharic||22,465||||18,020||||14,555||||

|Czech||22,295||||23,585||||24,450||||

|Khmer (Cambodian)||20,130||||19,440||||19,105||||

|Bulgarian||20,020||||19,050||||16,790||||

|Hebrew||19,530||||18,450||||17,635||||

|Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.||19,140||||14,075||||n/a||n/a||

|Nepali||18,275||||8,480||||n/a||n/a||

|Ojibway||17,885||||17,625||||24,190||||

|Slovak||17,585||||17,580||||18,820||||

|Pashto||16,910||||12,465||||9,025||||

|Macedonian||16,770||||17,245||||18,435||||

|Tigrigna||16,650||||10,220||||7,105||||

|Sinhala||16,335||||14,185||||10,180||||

|Bisayan languages||n/a||n/a||16,240||||11,240||||

|Telugu||15,655||||9,315||||6,625||||

|Finnish||15,295||||17,415||||21,030||||

|Yiddish||13,555||||15,205||||16,295||||

|Akan (Twi)||13,460||||12,680||||12,780||||

|Swahili||13,375||||10,090||||7,935||||

|Wu (Shanghainese)||12,920||||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Oji-Cree||12,855||||9,835||||11,690||||

|Lao||12,670||||12,970||||13,940||||

|Danish||12,630||||14,145||||18,735||||

|Malay||12,275||||10,910||||9,490||||

|Bosnian||12,210||||11,685||||12,790||||

|Sindhi||11,860||||11,330||||10,355||||

|Kurdish||11,705||||9,805||||7,660||||

|Hakka||10,910||||5,115||||n/a||n/a||

|Dene||10,700||||11,215||||9,745||||

|Afrikaans||10,260||||8,770||||n/a||n/a||

|Montagnais (Innu)||10,230||||10,785||||10,975||||In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.

|Slovenian||9,785||||10,775||||13,135||||

|Taiwanese||n/a||n/a||9,635||||9,620||||

|Serbo-Croatian||9,555||||10,155||||12,510||||

|African languages, n.i.e.||n/a||n/a||9,125||||n/a||n/a||

|Thai||9,255||||7,935||||n/a||n/a||

|Marathi||8,295||||5,830||||n/a||n/a||

|Bantu languages, n.i.e.||n/a||n/a||7,150||||n/a||n/a||

|Lithuanian||7,075||||7,245||||8,335||||

|Swedish||6,840||||7,350||||8,220||||

|Mi'kmaq||6,690||||7,635||||7,365||||

|Tibetan||6,165||||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Atikamekw||6,150||||5,820||||5,250||||

|Canadian Gaelic||n/a||n/a||6,015||||6,015||||

|Fukien (Fuzhou dialect)||n/a||n/a||5,925||||n/a||n/a||

|Rundi (Kirundi)||5,845||||3,975||||n/a||n/a||

|Maltese||5,565||||6,220||||6,405||||

|Estonian||5,445||||6,385||||8,240||||

|Latvian||5,455||||6,200||||7,000||||

|Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)||5,250||||3,895||||n/a||n/a||

|Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.||5,180||||5,255||||n/a||n/a||

|Oromo||4,960||||11,140||||n/a||n/a||

|Norwegian||4,615||||5,800||||7,225||||

|Tibetan languages||n/a||n/a||4,640||||n/a||n/a||

|Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.||n/a||n/a||4,360||||n/a||n/a||

|Sign languages, n.i.e.||4,125||||3,815||||n/a||n/a||

|Vlaams (Flemish)||3,895||||4,690||||5,660||||

|Lingala||3,810||||3,085||||n/a||n/a||

|Burmese||3,585||||2,985||||n/a||n/a||

|Stoney||3,025||||3,050||||n/a||n/a||

|Shanghainese||n/a||n/a||2,920||||n/a||n/a||

|Blackfoot||2,815||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||3,085||||

|Slavic languages, n.i.e.||2,420||||3,630||||n/a||n/a||

|Semitic languages, n.i.e.||2,155||||16,970||||n/a||n/a||

|Frisian||2,095||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||2,890||||

|Dogrib (Tlicho)||1,645||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||2,020||||

|Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.||1,405||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)||1,265||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||5,585||||

|Algonquin||1,260||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,920||||

|Scottish Gaelic||1,095||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Welsh||1,075||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Carrier||1,030||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,560||<0.01%||

|Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)||1,020||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||365||<0.01%||

|Mohawk||985||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||290||<0.01%||

|South Slavey||950||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,605||||

|Gitxsan (Gitksan)||880||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,180||<0.01%||

|North Slave (Hare)||765||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,065||<0.01%||

|Chilcotin||655||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||1,070||<0.01%||

|Celtic languages, n.i.e.||530||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Chipewyan||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||525||<0.01%||

|Michif||465||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||n/a||n/a||

|Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)||445||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||935||<0.01%||

|Nisga'a||400||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||680||<0.01%||

|Malecite||300||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||535||<0.01%||

|Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)||260||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||360||<0.01%||

|Tlingit||95||<0.01%||n/a||n/a||80||<0.01%||

|Other languages||n/a||n/a||77,890||||172,650||||

|Multiple language responses||818,640||||639,540||||392,760||||

|English and French||165,335||||144,685||||98,630||||

|English and a non-official language||533,260||||396,330||||240,005||||

|French and a non-official language||86,145||||74,430||||43,335||||

|English, French, and a non-official language||33,900||||24,095||||10,790||||

|TotalTopic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada ||34,767,250||||33,121,175||||31,241,030||||

Work

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Language used most often at work

!Language

!% of total population (2016)

!% of total population (2006)Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts

|English

| align="right" |

|French

| align="right" |

|Non-official

| align="right" |

|English and French

| align="right" |

|English and non-official

| align="right" |

|Other

| align="right" |

Home

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Language used most often at home

!Language

!% of total population (2016)

!% of total population (2006)<ref>The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: {{cite web

| url = http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=0&LANG=E&A=R&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=01&GID=837928&GK=1&GRP=1&O=D&PID=94817&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=702&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0

| title = Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home

| date = April 8, 2008

| work = 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations

| publisher = Statistics Canada

| access-date = January 15, 2010

}}</ref>

|English

| align="right" |

|French

| align="right" |

|Non-official

| align="right" |

|English and non-official

| align="right" |

|English and French

| align="right" |

|Other

| align="right" |

Immigration

According to the 2021 Canadian census, immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23 percent of Canada's total population. This represents the eighth-largest immigrant population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for industrialized Western countries.Pison, Gilles. 2019 February. "The number and proportion of immigrants in the population: International comparisons." Population & Societies 563. France: Institut National D'études Démographiques.

Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and Muhajirs from Pakistan, both Turks and Kurds from Turkey and both Sinhalese and Tamil from Sri Lanka. Immigrants from Iran are divided into Mazandaranians, Armenians, Azeris, Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and Lurs.

Since confederation in 1867 through to the contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population, while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1 percent of the total population.

Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021, while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent (first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+Canada Immigration Statistics

!Year

! width=100|Immigrant percentage

! width=100|Immigrant population

! width=100|Total responses

! width=100|Total population

! class="unsortable" width=100|Source(s)

|1851

|535,153

|2,036,065

|2,312,919

|1861

|677,967

|3,090,561

|1871

|593,403

|3,485,761

|1881

|602,984

|4,324,810

|1891

|643,871

|4,833,239

|1901

|699,500

|5,371,315

|1911

|1,586,961

|7,206,643

|1921

|1,955,736

|8,787,949

|1931

|2,307,525

|10,374,196

|1941

|2,018,847

|11,506,655

|1951

|2,059,911

|14,009,429

|1961

|2,844,263

|18,238,247

|1971

|3,295,535

|21,568,310

|21,568,311

|1981

|3,843,335

|24,083,495

|24,343,181

|1986

|3,908,150

|25,022,005

|25,309,331

|1991

|4,342,890

|26,994,045

|27,296,859

|1996

|4,971,070

|28,528,125

|28,846,761

|2001

|5,448,480

|29,639,030

|30,007,094

|2006

|6,186,950

|31,241,030

|31,612,897

|2011

|6,775,765

|32,852,325

|33,476,688

|2016

|7,540,830

|34,460,060

|35,151,728

|2021

|8,361,505

|36,328,475

|36,991,981

Migration data

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+Canada Net migration, 1952–1971

! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net Migration

| 1952 || 164,498 || 60,559 || 106,939

| 1953 || 168,868 || 57,975 || 110,893

| 1954 || 154,227 || 57,150 || 97,077

| 1955 || 109,946 || 61,893 || 48,053

| 1956 || 164,857 || 68,753 || 96,104

| 1957 || 282,164 || 74,383 || 207,781

| 1958 || 124,851 || 61,681 || 63,170

| 1959 || 106,928 || 69,189 || 37,739

| 1960 || 104,111 || 75,596 || 28,515

| 1961 || 71,689 || 72,305 || −616

| 1962 || 74,586 || 76,740 || −2,154

| 1963 || 93,151 || 83,563 || 9,588

| 1964 || 112,606 || 92,430 || 20,176

| 1965 || 146,758 || 105,307 || 41,451

| 1966 || 194,743 || 91,489 || 103,254

| 1967 || 222,876 || 108,462 || 114,414

| 1968 || 183,974 || 100,036 || 83,938

| 1969 || 161,531 || 90,089 || 71,495

| 1970 || 147,713 || 80,961 || 66,752

| 1971 || 121,162 || 70,097 || 51,065

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+Canada Net migration, 1972–2019

! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net migration !! Net non-permanent migration !! Total net migration

| 1972 || 122,006 || 26,175 || 95,831 || 2,975 || 98,806

| 1973 || 184,200 || 40,714 || 143,486 || 7,928 || 151,414

| 1974 || 218,465 || 42,020 || 176,445 || 1,977 || 178,422

| 1975 || 187,881 || 34,280 || 153,601 || 7,931 || 161,532

| 1976 || 146,429 || 28,292 || 118,137 || −2,969 || 115,168

| 1977 || 117,914 || 29,106 || 88,808 || −1,982 || 86,826

| 1978 || 86,313 || 31,692 || 54,621 || −2,970 || 51,651

| 1979 || 112,036 || 24,492 || 87,544 || 7,930 || 95,474

| 1980 || 143,498 || 17,623 || 125,875 || 14,869 || 140,744

| 1981 || 128,794 || 24,604 || 104,190 || 30,281 || 134,471

| 1982 || 121,331 || 31,054 || 90,277 || −3,727 || 86,550

| 1983 || 89,377 || 31,803 || 57,574 || 4,369 || 61,943

| 1984 || 88,599 || 29,064 || 59,535 || −349 || 59,186

| 1985 || 84,339 || 26,864 || 57,474 || 10,981 || 68,455

| 1986 || 97,343 || 30,232 || 67,111 || 46,537 || 113,648

| 1987 || 152,031 || 28,865 || 123,166 || 40,899 || 164,065

| 1988 || 161,534 || 24,534 || 137,000 || 108,917 || 245,917

| 1989 || 191,516 || 26,706 || 164,810 || 67,356 || 232,166

| 1990 || 216,424 || 25,011 || 191,413 || −10,951 || 180,462

| 1991 || 232,776 || 43,396 || 189,380 || −54,661 || 134,719

| 1992 || 254,856 || 48,721 || 206,135 || −31,933 || 174,202

| 1993 || 256,754 || 50,657 || 206,097 || −63,292 || 142,805

| 1994 || 224,395 || 55,682 || 168,713 || −16,500 || 152,213

| 1995 || 212,875 || 51,252 || 151,623 || 169 || 151,792

| 1996 || 226,061 || 49,841 || 176,220 || −9,667 || 166,553

| 1997 || 216,034 || 62,803 || 153,231 || 791 || 154,022

| 1998 || 174,184 || 57,842 || 116,342 || 921 || 117,263

| 1999 || 189,971 || 54,387 || 135,584 || 22,431 || 158,015

| 2000 || 227,429 || 57,109 || 170,330 || 28,433 || 198,763

| 2001 || 250,638 || 59,391 || 191,247 || 47,286 || 238,533

| 2002 || 229,049 || 45,682 || 183,367 || 29,133 || 212,500

| 2003 || 221,349 || 49,876 || 171,473 || 22,943 || 194,416

| 2004 || 235,859 || 55,085 || 180,774 || 14,225 || 194,999

| 2005 || 262,246 || 52,436 || 209,810 || 3,159 || 212,969

| 2006 || 251,649 || 47,890 || 203,759 || 12,741 || 216,500

| 2007 || 236,763 || 51,455 || 185,308 || 43,958 || 229,266

| 2008 || 247,262 || 52,678 || 194,584 || 71,669 || 266,253

| 2009 || 252,218 || 41,131 || 211,087 || 55,977 || 267,064

| 2010 || 280,739 || 42,187 || 238,552 || 31,927 || 270,479

| 2011 || 248,735 || 50,932 || 197,803 || 42,802 || 240,605

| 2012 || 257,825 || 50,426 || 207,399 || 46,207 || 253,606

| 2013 || 259,046 || 26,608 || 232,438 || 52,984 || 285,422

| 2014 || 260,308 || 54,956 || 205,352 || 16,970 || 222,322

| 2015 || 271,867 || 56,566 || 215,301 || −9,330 || 205,971

| 2016 || 296,385 || 56,772 || 239,613 || 88,722 || 328,335

| 2017 || 286,537 || 43,832 || 242,705 || 138,034 || 380,739

| 2018 || 321,054 || 37,915 || 283,139 || 154,917 || 438,056

| 2019 || 341,174 || 35,791 || 305,383 || 189,781 || 495,164

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|+Canada Net migration 2020–present

! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net Migration !! Non-permanent Resident Inflow !! Non-permanent Resident Outflow !! Net Non-permanent Resident !! Total Net Migration

| 2020 || 184,594 || 19,235 || 165,359 || – || – || −96,066 || 69,293

| 2021 || 406,046 || 39,161 || 366,885 || – || – || 77,052 || 443,937

| 2022 || 437,612 || 47,991 || 389,621 || 960,266 || 408,722 || 551,544 || 941,165

| 2023 || 471,871 || 48,709 || 423,162 || 1,289,173 || 468,407 || 820,766 || 1,243,928

| 2024 || 483,591 || 50,170 || 433,421 || 1,036,471 || 745,306 || 291,165 || 724,586

| 2025 || 393,752 || 65,706 || 328,046 || 496,278 || 957,966 || -461,688 || -133,642

Religion

{{Pie chart

| thumb = right

| caption = Religion in Canada (2021 Census)

| label1 = Christianity

| value1 = 53.3

| color1 = Blue

| label2 = No Religion

| value2 = 34.6

| color2 = beige

| label3 = Islam

| value3 = 4.9

| color3 = Green

| label4 = Hinduism

| value4 = 2.3

| color4 = #FF671F

| label5 = Sikhism

| value5 = 2.1

| color5 = Orange

| label6 = Buddhism

| value6 = 1.0

| color6 = gold

| label7 = Judaism

| value7 = 0.9

| color7 = #0038b8

| label8 = Others

| value8 = 0.8

| color8 = Pink

}}

In 2021, 53.3% of Canadians were Christians, down from 67.3% in 2011. 29.9% were Catholic while 11.4% were Protestant (all other listed denominations excluding Christian Orthodox, Latter Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses). 7.6% were Christian not otherwise specified, 2.1% were "other Christian and Christian-related traditions", 1.7% were Christian Orthodox, 0.4% were Jehovah's Witnesses and 0.2% were Latter Day Saints adherents.

34.6% of Canadians were non-religious or secular, up from 23.9% in 2011. Of the non-Christian religions listed, 4.9% of Canadians were Muslim (3.2% in 2011), 2.3% were Hindu (1.5% in 2011), 2.1% were Sikh (1.4% in 2011), 1.0% were Buddhist (1.1% in 2011), 0.9% were Jewish (1.0% in 2011), 0.2% were believers of traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality (same as 2011), and 0.6% were believers of other religions and spiritual traditions (0.4% in 2011).

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"

!colspan=3 |Religion status of the Canadian Population in 2021

!scope="col"| Religion

!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Total

!scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Percent

| scope="row" | Christian || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Roman Catholic || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Christian n.o.s. || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | United Church || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Anglican || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Christian Orthodox || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Baptist || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Pentecostal and other Charismatic || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Lutheran || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Presbyterian || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Anabaptist || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Jehovah's Witness || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Latter Day Saints|| align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Reformed || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Other Christian and Christian-related traditions|| align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Muslim|| align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Hindu || align="center" | || align="center" |

| scope="row" | Sikh|| align="center" | || align="center" |

|scope="row"| Buddhist ||align=center| ||align=center|

| scope="row" | Jewish || align="center" | || align="center" |

|scope="row"| Traditional (North American Indigenous) Spirituality ||align=center| ||align=center|

|scope="row"| Other religions and spiritual traditions||align=center| ||align=center|

|scope="row"| No religion and secular perspectives || align="center" | ||align=center|

center|thumb|upright=2.0|A map of Canada by province and territory showing the distribution of the population by religious affiliation in 2021

Notes

References

External links

Canada Year Book (2010) – Statistics Canada
Population estimates and projections, 2010 – 2036 – Statistics Canada
Canada's population clock

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Demographics of Canada

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Population

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Fertility rate

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See also

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External links