This is a demography of the population of Bhutan including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
thumb|300px|Bhutanese people in national dress at the Wangdi Phodrang festival
The Royal Government of Bhutan listed the country's population as 752,700 in 2003. which lists the exact number of households in each gewog. If the Bhutanese refugee advocate groups are correct, a spot check of a southern gewog should show a massive under-reporting of population.
The CIA World Fact book number has since been adjusted with a note of former inconsistencies, and attributes the difference to the government not including the "first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005".
Population by Sex and Age Group
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80pt;"|Age group
! style="width:80pt;"|Male
! style="width:80pt;"|Female
! style="width:80pt;"|Total
! style="width:80pt;"|%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| Total
|| 381 582
|| 351 421
|| 733 004
|| 100
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 0-4
|| 42 725
|| 41 999
|| 84 724
|| 11,56
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 5-9
|| 38 396
|| 37 725
|| 76 121
|| 10,38
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 10-14
|| 32 169
|| 31 593
|| 63 762
|| 8,70
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 15-19
|| 35 432
|| 34 403
|| 69 835
|| 9,53
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 20-24
|| 36 526
|| 34 745
|| 71 271
|| 9,72
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 25-29
|| 35 433
|| 32 065
|| 67 498
|| 9,21
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 30-34
|| 33 279
|| 28 491
|| 61 770
|| 8,43
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 35-39
|| 28 766
|| 24 060
|| 52 827
|| 7,21
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 40-44
|| 23 774
|| 19 545
|| 43 319
|| 5,91
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 45-49
|| 19 391
|| 16 213
|| 35 604
|| 4,86
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 50-54
|| 15 245
|| 13 209
|| 28 455
|| 3,88
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 55-59
|| 12 257
|| 10 806
|| 23 063
|| 3,15
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 60-64
|| 9 602
|| 8 645
|| 18 247
|| 2,49
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 65-69
|| 7 268
|| 6 741
|| 14 009
|| 1,91
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 70-74
|| 5 169
|| 4 956
|| 10 124
|| 1,38
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 75-79
|| 3 338
|| 3 313
|| 6 651
|| 0,91
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 80+
|| 2 812
|| 2 912
|| 5 724
|| 0,78
|-
! style="width:50px;"|Age group
! style="width:80pt;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:50px;"|Percent
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 0-14
|| 113 290
|| 111 317
|| 224 607
|| 30,64
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 15-64
|| 249 705
|| 222 182
|| 471 887
|| 64,38
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 65+
|| 18 587
|| 17 922
|| 36 509
|| 4,98
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80pt;"|Age group
! style="width:80pt;"|Male
! style="width:80pt;"|Female
! style="width:80pt;"|Total
! style="width:80pt;"|%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| Total
|| 380 453
|| 346 692
|| 727 145
|| 100
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 0–4
|| 29 176
|| 28 298
|| 57 474
|| 7.90
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 5–9
|| 32 035
|| 30 956
|| 62 991
|| 8.66
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 10–14
|| 34 656
|| 34 296
|| 68 952
|| 9.48
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 15–19
|| 34 679
|| 33 607
|| 68 286
|| 9.39
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 20–24
|| 41 075
|| 34 340
|| 75 415
|| 10.37
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 25–29
|| 42 802
|| 36 478
|| 79 280
|| 10.90
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 30–34
|| 35 059
|| 30 121
|| 65 180
|| 8.96
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 35–39
|| 29 689
|| 25 860
|| 55 549
|| 7.64
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 40–44
|| 22 274
|| 19 221
|| 41 495
|| 5.71
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 45–49
|| 18 865
|| 16 668
|| 35 533
|| 4.89
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 50–54
|| 15 456
|| 13 861
|| 29 317
|| 4.03
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 55–59
|| 12 379
|| 11 519
|| 23 898
|| 3.29
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 60–64
|| 10 498
|| 10 213
|| 20 711
|| 2.85
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 65-69
|| 7 585
|| 7 069
|| 14 654
|| 2.02
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 70-74
|| 5 876
|| 5 592
|| 11 468
|| 1.58
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 75-79
|| 3 965
|| 3 906
|| 7 871
|| 1.08
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 80-84
|| 2 651
|| 2 746
|| 5 397
|| 0.74
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 85-89
|| 1 262
|| 1 338
|| 2 600
|| 0.36
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 90-94
|| 338
|| 439
|| 777
|| 0.11
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 95-99
|| 120
|| 143
|| 263
|| 0.04
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 100+
|| 13
|| 21
|| 34
|| <0.01
|-
! style="width:50px;"|Age group
! style="width:80pt;"|Male
! style="width:80px;"|Female
! style="width:80px;"|Total
! style="width:50px;"|Percent
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 0–14
|| 95 867
|| 93 550
|| 189 417
|| 26.05
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 15–64
|| 262 776
|| 231 888
|| 494 664
|| 68.03
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 65+
|| 21 810
|| 21 254
|| 43 064
|| 5.92
|}