350px|thumb|Population density in Belgium by [[Arrondissements of Belgium|arrondissement]]
Demographic features of the population of Belgium include ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. All figures are from the National Institute for Statistics unless otherwise indicated.
Population
As of January 1, 2024, Belgium had a population of 11,763,650 and is the 81st most populous country in the world. The population of Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels on January 1, 2024 was 6,821,770 (58.0% of Belgium), 3,692,283 (31.4% of Belgium) and 1,249,597 (10.6% of Belgium), respectively. The population density of Belgium is as of January 1, 2024, making it the 38th most densely populated country in the world, and the 7th most densely populated country in Europe. The most densely populated province is Antwerp, the least densely populated province is Luxembourg.
As of January 1, 2020, Belgium had a population of 11,492,641, as compared to 2010 (10,839,905 people) an increase of about 653,000. 2010 compared to 2000 (10,239,085 people), an increase of about 601,000 people. 2000 compared to 1990 (9,947,782 people), an increase of about 291,000 people.
The following demographic statistics are from the World Population Review in 2019.thumb|300px|Historic population development of Belgium
- One birth every 4 minutes
- One death every 5 minutes
- One net migrant every 12 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 9 minutes
Fertility
The total fertility rate (TFR) gradually increased during the last decade from 1.60 in 1997, 1.65 in 2002 and 1.82 in 2007. The rates in Brussels are higher than the national average (1.79 in 1997, 1.93 in 2002 and 2.09 in 2007), while they are below the average in Flanders (1.54 in 1997, 1.56 in 2002 and 1.77 in 2007), due to the higher percentage of non-European immigrants with higher birth rates in Brussels.
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! Years !!1830!!1831!!1832!!1833!!1834!!1835!!1836!!1837!!1838!!1839!!1840
Estimation of the United Nations for 2023: 82.11 years total (79.86 for male, 84.33 for female).
Estimation of Eurostat for 2023: 82.5 years total (80.4 for male, 84.5 for female).
According to estimation of the WHO for 2019, at that year life expectancy in Belgium was 81.4 years (79.3 years for male and 83.5 years for female). And healthy life expectancy was 70.6 years (69.8 years for male and 71.3 years for female).
In 2021-2023 period, the difference in life expectancy between the most prosperous and disadvantaged provinces was 4.09 years. In 2020–2022, this difference was 4.23 years.
thumb|300px|Administrative division of Belgium
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable static-row-numbers col1left col6right col11right" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;"|province<br>or region
! colspan=4|2020–2022
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;border-left-width:2px;"|
! colspan=4|2021–2023
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;border-left-width:2px;"|change 2
! colspan=4 style="border-left-width:2px;"|2022-2024
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|male
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|female
! style="vertical-align:middle;"|
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;border-left-width:2px;"|overall
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|male
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|female
! style="vertical-align:middle;"|F <small>Δ</small> M
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;border-left-width:2px;"|overall
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|male
! style="vertical-align:middle;min-width:3em;"|female
! style="vertical-align:middle;"|F <small>Δ</small> M
|-
|-class=static-row-header
| Belgium on average ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 81.38 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.10 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 83.62 || 4.52 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.50 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 81.87 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.66 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.04 || 4.38 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| — ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| — ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| — ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| — || —
|-
| Limburg ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.46 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.53 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.41 || 3.88 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.37 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.83 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.92 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.74 || 3.83 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.98 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.81 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 82.04 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.54 || 3.51
|-
| Flemish Brabant ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.93 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.81 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.99 || 4.18 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.44 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.37 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.29 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.37 || 4.08 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.28 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.65 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.72 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.50 || 3.78
|-
| East Flanders ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.19 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.99 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.36 || 4.37 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.31 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.50 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.34 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.62 || 4.28 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.61 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.11 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.09 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.06 || 3.97
|-
| Antwerp ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.34 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.44 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.23 || 3.79 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.46 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.80 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.95 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.60 || 3.65 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.29 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 83.09 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 81.33 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.81 || 3.48
|-
| West Flanders ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.29 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.04 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.57 || 4.53 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.40 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.69 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.48 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.91 || 4.44 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.29 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.98 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.88 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 85.07 || 4.19
|-
| Walloon Brabant ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.48 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.28 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.52 || 4.25 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.44 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.92 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.74 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.93 || 4.19 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.05 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.97 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.83 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.93 || 4.10
|-
| Brussels ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 80.82 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.19 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 83.27 || 5.08 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.86 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 81.68 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.13 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.01 || 4.88 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.29 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 81.97 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 79.51 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.21 || 4.70
|-
| Belgian Luxembourg ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 80.07 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.56 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.67 || 5.11 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.25 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.32 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.78 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.91 || 5.14 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.32 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.63 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.26 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 83.05 || 4.79
|-
| Namur ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 79.78 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.17 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.39 || 5.22 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.52 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.30 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.87 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.66 || 4.79 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.32 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.62 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.34 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.82 || 4.48
|-
| Liège ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 79.49 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.13 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 81.83 || 4.71 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.75 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.24 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.99 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.42 || 4.44 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.23 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.47 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 78.37 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.50 || 4.13
|-
| Hainaut ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 78.70 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 75.87 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 81.48 || 5.61 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.58 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 79.28 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 76.48 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.00 || 5.52 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.35 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 79.63 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 76.90 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.29 || 5.39
|-class=static-row-header
| Flanders on average ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 82.43 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.35 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.50 || 4.15 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.39 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 82.82 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 80.78 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 84.83 || 4.05 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| — ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| — ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| — ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| — || —
|-class=static-row-header
| Wallonia on average ||style="background:#e0ffd8;"| 79.61 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.04 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.14 || 5.11 ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| 0.57 ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| 80.18 ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| 77.68 ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| 82.61 || — ||style="color:darkgreen;padding-right:3.2ex;border-left-width:2px;"| — ||style="background:#e0ffd8;border-left-width:2px;"| — ||style="background:#eaf3ff;"| — ||style="background:#fee7f6;"| — || —
|}