The Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea (DFRK), also known as the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland (DFRF) or the Fatherland Front, was a North Korean united front formed on 25 June 1949 and led by the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK).
It was initially formed as the Fatherland United Democratic Front and was formed on 25 June 1949. The front initially consisted of 72 parties and social organizations from both the North and the South; at the time of its dissolution, it had 24 members. The three legal political parties of North Korea—the WPK, the Korean Social Democratic Party, and the Chondoist Chongu Party—all participated in the front. The country's four most important mass organizations—the Socialist Patriotic Youth League, Socialist Women's Union of Korea, General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea, and Union of Agricultural Workers of Korea—were member organizations. The Korean Children's Union was also a member organization.
All candidates for an elected office in North Korea had to be a member of the front, and were nominated and approved at mass meetings held by the front. The WPK led the front and all other member organizations were subservient to it. The WPK was thus able to predetermine the composition of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). Though initially a popular front, by the 1950s, the DFRK's functions had mainly turned into becoming a body handling relations with South Korea. The Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front is ostensibly the South Korean counterpart to the DFRK, but it operates from North Korea. The DFRK was dissolved on 23 March 2024, following North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's announcement that North Korea would abandon Korean reunification.
History
thumb|Members of the North Korean National Democratic Front in front of the organization's complex, June 1947. Future North Korean supreme leader [[Kim Il Sung is standing in the center of the front row.]]
The National Democratic Front (), a South Korean leftist organization, was founded with the Communist Party of Korea as its leading organization on 15 February 1946. It was formed from 40 leftist parties and consisted of 398 communists led by Lyuh Woon-hyung, Pak Hon-yong, and Ho Hon. The North Korean National Democratic Front () was founded on 22 July 1946. It was formed from 13 parties and organizations and led by Kim Il Sung, Kim Tu-bong, and Choe Yong-gon. It included the North Korean Branch of the Communist Party and the New People's Party of Korea, which were soon merged to form the Workers' Party of North Korea, as well as the Korean Democratic Party and the Chondoist Chongu Party. The North Korean National Democratic Front absorbed the South Korean National Democratic Front on 25 June 1949, after South Korea outlawed the latter, leading to the establishment of the Fatherland United Democratic Front. Presidium members during that time included Ri Kil Song and Kim Wan Su. On 23 March 2024, the Korean Central News Agency reported that the DFRK had officially dissolved its central committee, effectively dissolving the whole front. The move followed a speech by Kim Jong Un in which he stated that the North would give up its goal of peaceful reunification with the South and dissolve all organizations related to the goal. At the time of its dissolution, the Director of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the DFRK was Maeng Kyong Il. Members of the Presidium of the Central Committee included Pak Myong Chol and Kim Wan Su.
Member organizations
In the SPA
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!align="left" colspan="2"|Name<br />(abbreviation)
! style="width:100px;"|Emblem
! style="width:100px;"|Ideology
! style="width:100px;"|Leader
! style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|Foundation
! style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|Seats in the SPA <small>(2014)</small>
! style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|bgcolor=|
|Workers' Party of Korea<br /><br />
|70px
|Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
|Kim Jong Un
|29 July 1946
|
|
|-
|bgcolor=|
|Korean Social Democratic Party<br /><br />
|70px
|Social democracy<br />(de jure)
|Kim Ho-chol
|3 November 1945
|
|
|}
With SPA observer status
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! style="width:100px;"|Organization
! style="width:100px;"|Emblem
! style="width:100px;"|Korean name
! style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|Foundation
! style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|Socialist Patriotic Youth League
|70px
|
|17 January 1946
|
|-
|Socialist Women's Union of Korea
|
|
|18 November 1945
|
|-
|General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea
|frameless|70x70px
|
|30 November 1945
|
|-
|Union of Agricultural Workers of Korea
|
|
|31 January 1946
|
|-
|Korean Children's Union
|70px
|
|6 June 1946
|
|-
|Korean Journalists' Union
|70px
|
|10 February 1946
|
|-
|Korean Federation of Literature and Arts
|
|
|25 March 1946
|
|-
|Korean Catholic Association
|
|
|30 June 1988
|
|-
|Korea Buddhist Federation
|
|
|26 December 1945
|
|-
|Chosun Cheondogyo Central Guidance Committee
|
|
|1 February 1946
|
|}
Electoral history
Supreme People's Assembly elections
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Election
! % of votes
! Seats
! +/−
! Position
! Government
|-
|1948
|98.49%
|
| 572
| 1st
|rowspan="14"
|-
|1957
|99.92%
|
| 357
| 1st
|-
|1962
|100%
|
| 168
| 1st
|-
|1967
|100%
|
| 74
| 1st
|-
|1972
|100%
|
| 84
| 1st
|-
|1977
|100%
|
| 38
| 1st
|-
|1982
|100%
|
| 36
| 1st
|-
|1986
|100%
|
| 40
| 1st
|-
|1990
|100%
|
| 32
| 1st
|-
|1998
|100%
|
|
| 1st
|-
|2003
|100%
|
|
| 1st
|-
|2009
|100%
|
|
| 1st
|-
|2014
|100%
|
|
| 1st
|-
|2019
|100%
|
|
| 1st
|}
See also
- Elections in North Korea
- List of political parties in North Korea