The Crafoord Prize () is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord following a donation to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is awarded jointly by the academy and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund, with the former selecting the laureates. The Prize is awarded in four categories: mathematics and astronomy, geosciences, biosciences (with an emphasis on ecology) and polyarthritis,<br/>
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| 75px|alt=Louis Nirenberg
| Louis Nirenberg
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! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 1983
| rowspan=2 | Geosciences
| style="text-align:center;"| 75px
| Edward Norton Lorenz
| rowspan=2 | “for their fundamental contributions to the field of geophysical hydrodynamics, which in a unique way have contributed to a deeper understanding of the large-scale motions of the atmosphere and the sea”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
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! scope=row | 1985
| Astronomy
| 75px|alt=Lyman Spitzer
| Lyman Spitzer
| “for his fundamental pioneering studies of practically every aspect of the interstellar medium, culminating in the results obtained using the Copernicus satellite”
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| Howard T. Odum
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! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 1988
| rowspan=2|Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Pierre Deligne
| Pierre Deligne
| rowspan=2 | “for their fundamental research in algebraic geometry”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 1990
| rowspan=2 | Biosciences
| 75px|alt=Paul R. Ehrlich
| Paul R. Ehrlich
| “for his research on the dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations and the importance of the distribution pattern for their survival probabilities”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <br/>
|-
| 75px|alt=Edward Osborne Wilson
| |E. O. Wilson
| “for the theory of island biogeography and other research on species diversity and community dynamics on islands and in other habitats with differing degrees of isolation”
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! scope=row | 1991
| Astronomy
| style="text-align:center;"| 75px
| Allan Sandage
| “for his very important contributions to the study of galaxies, their populations of stars, clusters and nebulae, their evolution, the velocity-distance relation (or Hubble relation), and its evolution over time”
| style="text-align: center;" |
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! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 1993
| rowspan=2 | Biosciences
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| W. D. Hamilton
| “for his theories concerning kin selection and genetic relationship as a prerequisite for the evolution of altruistic behavior”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Shing-Tung Yau
| Shing-Tung Yau
| “for his development of non-linear techniques in differential geometry leading the solution of several outstanding problems”
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 1995
| rowspan=2 | Geosciences
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| Willi Dansgaard
| rowspan=2| “for their fundamental work on developing and applying isotope geological analysis methods for the study of climatic variations during the Quaternary period”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=John Maynard Smith
| John Maynard Smith
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| George Christopher Williams
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 2000
| rowspan=2 | Polyarthritis
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| Marc Feldmann
| rowspan=2 | “for their definition of TNF-alpha as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Ravinder N. Maini
| Ravinder N. Maini
|-
! scope=row | 2001
| Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Alain Connes
| Alain Connes
| “for his penetrating work on the theory of operator algebras and for having been a founder of non-commutative geometry”
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 2004
| rowspan=2 | Polyarthritis
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| Eugene C. Butcher
| rowspan=2 | “for their studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in migration of white blood cells in health and disease”
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| Timothy A. Springer
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=3 | 2005
| rowspan=3 | Astronomy
| 75px|alt=James E. Gunn
| James E. Gunn
| rowspan=3| “for contributions towards understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe”
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=James Peebles
| James Peebles
|-
| 75px|alt=Martin Rees
| Martin Rees
|-
! scope=row | 2006
| Geosciences
| 75px|alt=Wallace Smith Broecker
| Wallace Smith Broecker
| “for his innovative and pioneering research on the operation of the global carbon cycle within the ocean atmosphere-biosphere system, and its interaction with climate”
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=3 | 2008
| Astronomy
| 75px|alt=Rashid Sunyaev
| Rashid Alievich Sunyaev
| “for his decisive contributions to high energy astrophysics and cosmology, in particular processes and dynamics around black holes and neutron stars and demonstration of the diagnostic power of structures in the background radiation”
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| rowspan=2 | Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Maxim Kontsevich
| Maxim Kontsevich
| rowspan=2|“for their important contributions to mathematics inspired by modern theoretical physics”
|-
| 75px|alt=Edward Witten
| Edward Witten
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=3 | 2009
| rowspan=3 | Polyarthritis
| 75px|alt=Charles Dinarello
| Charles Dinarello
| rowspan=3 | “for their pioneering work to isolate interleukins, determine their properties and explore their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases”
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Tadamitsu Kishimoto
| Tadamitsu Kishimoto
|-
| 75px|alt=Toshio Hirano
| Toshio Hirano
|-
! scope=row | 2010
| Geosciences
| 75px|alt=Walter Munk
| Walter Munk
| “for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth’s dynamics”
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=4 | 2012
| rowspan=2| Astronomy
| 75px|alt=Reinhard Genzel
| Reinhard Genzel
| rowspan=2| "for their observations of the stars orbiting the galactic centre, indicating the presence of a supermassive black hole"
| rowspan=4 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Andrea Ghez
| Andrea M. Ghez
|-
| rowspan=2 | Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Jean Bourgain
| Jean Bourgain
| rowspan=2| "for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science"
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| 75px|alt=Terence Tao
| Terence Tao
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=3 | 2013
| rowspan=3 | Polyarthritis
| 75px|alt=Peter K. Gregersen
| Peter K. Gregersen
| rowspan=3| "for their discoveries concerning the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis"
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | <br/>
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 2015
| rowspan=2|Biosciences
| style="text-align:center;"|—
| Richard Lewontin
| rowspan=2| "for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism"
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Tomoko Ohta
| Tomoko Ohta
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=3 | 2016
| rowspan=2| Astronomy
| 75px|alt=Roy Kerr
| Roy Kerr
| rowspan=2| "for fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences"
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Roger Blandford
| Roger Blandford
|-
||Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Yakov Eliashberg
| Yakov Eliashberg
| "for the development of contact and symplectic topology and groundbreaking discoveries of rigidity and flexibility phenomena"
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=3 | 2017
| rowspan=3|Polyarthritis
| 75px|alt=Shimon Sakaguchi
| Shimon Sakaguchi
| rowspan=3| "for their discoveries relating to regulatory T cells, which counteract harmful immune reactions in arthritis and other autoimmune diseases"
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 75px|alt=Susan Solomon
| Susan Solomon
|-
! scope=row | 2019
| Biosciences
| 75px|alt=Sallie W. Chisholm
| Sallie W. Chisholm
| "for the discovery and pioneering studies of the most abundant photosynthesising organism on Earth, Prochlorococcus"
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 2020
| Astronomy
| 75px|alt=Eugene N. Parker
| Eugene N. Parker
| "for pioneering and fundamental studies of the solar wind and magnetic fields from stellar to galactic scales"
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Enrico Bombieri
| Enrico Bombieri
| "for outstanding and influential contributions in all the major areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, analysis and algebraic geometry"
|-
! scope=row | 2021
| Polyarthritis
| 75px|alt=Daniel Kastner
| Daniel L. Kastner
| "for establishing the concept of autoinflammatory diseases"
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope=row | 2022
| Geosciences
| 75px|alt=Andrew K. Knoll
| Andrew H. Knoll
| "for fundamental contributions to our understanding of the first three billion years of life on Earth and life’s interactions with the physical environment through time"
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope=row | 2023
| Biosciences
|style="text-align:center;"|—
| Dolph Schluter
| "for fundamental contributions to the understanding of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation"
| style="text-align: center;"|
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=4 | 2024
| rowspan=3 | Astronomy
|style="text-align:center;"|—
| Douglas Gough
| rowspan=3 | "for developing the methods of asteroseismology and their application to the study of the interior of the Sun and of other stars"
| rowspan=4 style="text-align: center;"|
|-
| 75px|alt=Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard
| Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard
|-
| 75px|alt=Conny Aerts
| Conny Aerts
|-
||Mathematics
| 75px|alt=Claire Voisin
| Claire Voisin
|"for outstanding contributions to complex and algebraic geometry, including Hodge theory, algebraic cycles, and hyperkähler geometry"
|-
! scope=rowgroup rowspan=2 | 2025
| rowspan=2|Polyarthritis
|style="text-align:center;"|—
| Christopher Goodnow
| rowspan=2 | "for the discovery of fundamental mechanisms for B cell tolerance."
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|—
| David Nemazee
|-
! scope=row | 2026
| Geosciences
|style="text-align:center;"|—
| Veerabhadran Ramanathan
| "for fundamental contributions to our understanding of how aerosol particles and other climate pollutants influence the atmospheric energy balance and the Earth system."
| style="text-align: center;"|
|}
Notes
See also
- List of general science and technology awards
- List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field#Geosciences, agricultural sciences and environmental sciences
- Prizes named after people
References
Sources
External links
- Full list of laureates on the Crafoord Prize website
- Crafoord Prize at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences website