Cradle Mountain is a locality and mountain in the Central Highlands region of the Australian state of Tasmania. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park.

At above sea level, it is the sixth-highest mountain in Tasmania.

Cradle Mountain was gazetted as a locality in 1966.

Cradle Mountain (the mountain) occupies a small area in the north-west of the locality, which occupies the northern half of Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park.

Route C132 (Cradle Mountain Road / Dove Lake Road) enters from the north and runs south to Dove Lake, where it ends.

History

Cradle Mountain sits between the Big River and Northern Tasmanian Aboriginal people. Aboriginal Tasmanians were persecuted by the European settlers upon their arrival, and the last free Aboriginals in the area were seen just south of Cradle Mountain in 1836.

Early European development

In 1827 and 1828, the first Europeans to explore and summit Cradle Mountain were Joseph Fossey and Henry Hellyer, who were surveying for the Van Diemen's Land Company.

Trappers worked in the area from the 1860s until the collapse of the fur trade in the 1950s, although hunting in the park was declared illegal after 1927. They established huts, including Du Cane and Pine Valley, and burned the land to encourage fresh growth and game.

Access

The area around the mountain has a large number of day walks, as well as being one terminus of the Overland Track. The Overland Track winds through a variety of landscapes to its opposite end— to the south—at Lake St Clair, Australia's deepest lake.

The mountain is climbed by walkers virtually year round. It is a strenuous return hike from the Dove Lake car park with a recommended allotted time of six-and-a-half hours. The climb up the rocky part of the mountain involves scrambling over large boulders for several hundred metres. The entire climb is exposed to any bad weather that may arrive quickly, while climbing the upper slopes in winter can be dangerous due to slick ice on the rocks and heavy snow covering holes and other hazards. From the summit, there are views of Dove Lake, Barn Bluff and Mount Ossa.

Climate

The area has a Subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) with cool summers and cold, very snowy winters; with heavy precipitation throughout the year which peaks distinctly in the winter months. Climate data are sourced from an altitude of on the exposed western slopes. It receives an average of 47.9 snowy days annually, which can occur in any month of the year.

Features

The mountain rises above the glacially formed Dove Lake (), Lake Wilks and Crater Lake.

The mountain has four named summits. In order of height they are Cradle Mountain (), Smithies Peak (), Weindorfers Tower () and Little Horn ().

The mountain itself is named after its resemblance to a gold-mining cradle.

The relative heights of nearby peaks were measured in 1916.

Flora, fauna and fungi

Flora

The area is covered in a variety of alpine and sub-alpine vegetation, including the colourful deciduous beech, itself an anomaly given that most Australian native flora is evergreen. Alpine coral fern and button grass dominate the alpine wet sedgelands near the mountain summit. Stands of Tasmanian snow gum can be found at slightly lower elevations alongside Tasmanian eyebright, scoparia heath, mountain rocket, waratah, Cheshunt pine and pencil pine. Within the valleys surrounding the mountain, species such as myrtle beech, pandani, sassafras, King Billy pine and celery top pine form thick temperate rainforest with dense, mossy undergrowth.

Fauna

Wombats are a common sight throughout the area, while pademelons, Tasmanian devils and echidnas can also be seen. Bird species in the area include green rosellas, black currawongs, pink robins and Tasmanian scrubwrens, while peregrine falcons and wedge-tailed eagles nest on the mountains cliffs. Tiger snakes are a highly venomous snake species known to be found in the area.

Fungi

thumb|[[Tyromyces pulcherrimus, strawberry bracket fungus]]

Fungi are also a part of the park's biodiversity. While the Management Plan from 1999 for Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park only mentions fungi in the context of their destructive effects (Phytophthora cinnamomi and Chalara australis), the park has a variety of fungi that perform beneficial ecological roles. Parasitic fungi—often regarded negatively—are a vital part of healthy ecosystems, regulating ecosystem functions.

As primary recyclers of organic matter, saprobic fungi break down fallen branches and leaf litter, making vital nutrients available to other organisms. Other fungi form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Although rarely acknowledged, the great majority of plants in Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park (and, indeed, in the world) form mutually beneficial mycorrhizal relationships with fungi.

Given the diversity of plants, specialist habitats and micro-climates in the park, a diversity of fungi, including lichens, is also expected to occur. Several hundred species have already been recorded by field naturalists and interested individuals and can be found in the Atlas of Living Australia.

Despite their essential roles in underpinning terrestrial ecosystems, fungi are barely recognised as a vital part of Australia's biodiversity. Although Australia has national and state level biodiversity conservation strategies and has ratified international conventions, most overlook fungi, including Tasmania's Natural Heritage Strategy, which only makes one generic reference to fungi.

One of the more a conspicuous species found in the wetter parts of the park is the strawberry bracket fungus (Tyromyces pulcherrimus). It grows on myrtle beech (Nothofagus cunninghammii) and snow gums. The Australian citizen-science organisation, Fungimap is documenting and mapping the distribution of fungi including those that occur in national parks.

<gallery mode="packed">

File:Cradle Mountain And Barn Bluff.jpg|Panorama from west, showing Cradle Mountain and, in the distance, Barn Bluff

File:Cradle Mountain - 5.jpg|The summit ridge of Cradle Mountain

File:Cradle Mountain - 6.jpg|The summit ridge of Cradle Mountain

File:Cradle Mountain Seen From Barn Bluff.jpg|Cradle Mountain seen from neighbouring Barn Bluff

File:Cradle Mountain Dove Lake HDR Stevage.jpg|View over Dove Lake; The boat shed was built in the 1940s

File:1 cradle mountain aerial panorama 2018.jpg|Aerial panorama of Cradle Mountain

</gallery>

See also

  • Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
  • List of highest mountains of Tasmania

References

  • Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Page
  • Photojournal covering Cradle Mountain as part of The Overland Track
  • Cradle Mountain Tourist Attraction
  • Webcam
  • Parks and Wildlife Service Webcams

Public transport access

  • Tassielink have buses to/from Devonport and Queenstown/Strahan.
  • McDermott's run buses between Cradle Mountain and Launceston (not every day)