Cox's Orange Pippin, in Britain often referred to simply as Cox or Cox's Pippins, is an apple cultivar first grown in 1825 or 1830 at Colnbrook in Buckinghamshire, England, by the retired brewer and horticulturist Richard Cox.
Though the parentage of the cultivar is unknown, Ribston Pippin seems a likely candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested Margil as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling. The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown commercially from the 1860s, particularly in the Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire, and later in Kent.
Description and uses
thumb|Fruit seen from stem end
thumb|Cox Orange Pippin
'Cox's Orange Pippin' is highly regarded for its excellent flavour and attractive appearance. The apples are of medium size, orange-red in colour, deepening to bright red and mottled with carmine over a deep yellow background. The flesh is very aromatic, yellow-white, fine-grained, crisp, and very juicy. Cox's flavour is sprightly subacid, with hints of cherry and anise, becoming softer and milder with age. When ripe apples are shaken, the seeds make a rattling sound as they are only loosely held in the apple's flesh.
Cox's Orange Pippin is often blended with other varieties in the production of cider and is also used to produce high-quality apple juice, particularly in artisanal or premium cold-pressed forms.
- S genotype S5 S9.
- Vitamin C 10 mg/100 gram
- Density 0.85
Cultivation
thumb|Illustration of the fruit
According to the Institute of Food Research, Cox's Orange Pippin accounts for over 50% of the UK acreage of dessert apples. The tree is a moderate grower and is annually productive. However, it can be difficult to grow in many environments, and tends to be susceptible to diseases such as scab, mildew, and canker, so it is rarely grown commercially in North America. Cox's Orange Pippin is also grown in Belgium and in the Netherlands, countries with a climate similar to that of Great Britain. In addition to the cultivation of Cox sports, apple breeders have hybridised Cox with other varieties to improve vigour, disease resistance, and yield, while attempting to retain the unique qualities of Cox's flavour.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Typical crop yield in kg
|-
! -55mm !! 55-60mm !! 60-65mm !! 65-70mm !! 70-75mm !! 75-80mm
|-
| 6% || 19% || 38% || 28% || 6% || 3%
|}
Sports
thumb|Cox La Vera
thumb|Crimson Cox
A number of sports of Cox's Orange Pippin have been discovered over subsequent years and propagated. These retain "Cox" in their names, e.g., Cherry Cox, Crimson Cox, King Cox, and Queen Cox.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Sports
|-
! Name !! Origin !! Discovered / Introduced
|-
|Bledisloe||New Zealand||1932/1934
|-
| Cherry Cox || Denmark || 1942/
|-
|Cox La Vera ||Netherlands ||1986/
|-
|Cox Orange Kortegaard || Denmark ||1914/
|-
| Crimson Cox || Herefordshire, England || c. 1913 / c. 1928
|-
| King Cox ||Worcestershire, England ||
|-
| Queen Cox ||Berkshire, England ||
|-
| Mendocino Cox ||Northern California, USA ||
|}
thumb|King Cox
Descendant cultivars
Cultivar name (female parent × male parent)
- Acme (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
- Alkmene (Cox's Orange Pippin × Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg)
- Clopton Red (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
- Cobra (Cox's Orange Pippin' × Bramley's Seedling)
- Downton Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Golden Pippin)
- Dukat (Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin) or (Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg × Cox's Orange Pippin)