The Count of Anjou was the ruler of the County of Anjou, first granted by King Charles the Bald of West Francia in the 9th century to Robert the Strong. Ingelger and his son, Fulk the Red, were viscounts until Fulk assumed the title of count.
Ingelger's male line ended with Geoffrey II. Subsequent counts of Anjou were descended from Geoffrey's sister Ermengarde and Count Geoffrey II of Gâtinais. Their agnatic descendants, who included the Angevin kings of England, continued to hold the title and territory until King Philip II Augustus seized the region and annexed it to the French crown lands.
In 1360, the county was raised to a dukedom becoming known as Duke of Anjou, subsequently leading the Duchy of Anjou. The title was held by Philip V of Spain before his accession to the throne in 1700. Since then, some Spanish Legitimist claimants to the French throne also claim the title even to the present day, as does a nephew of the Orléanist pretender.
Counts of Anjou
Robertian dynasty
The Robertians, or Robertian dynasty, comprised:
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Robert the Strong<br />861–866<br />
|
| 820<br />?<br />son of Robert III of Worms and Waldrade
| ?<br />two sons
| 866<br />aged 45
|-
| width = auto| Odo<br />866–898<br />
| 125px
| 852<br />La Fère<br />son of Robert the Strong and Adelaide of Tours
| Théodrate of Troyes<br />two sons
| 898<br />aged 46
|}
House of Ingelger
Agnatic descent
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Ingelger<br />(Viscount of Angers)
|
| 845<br />Rennes<br />son of Tertullus (Tertulle) and Petronilla
| Adelais of Amboise<br />one son
| 888<br />aged 42
|-
| width = auto| Fulk I the Red<br />929–942
|
| 870<br />son of Ingelger and "Aelinde" D'Amboise
| Rosalie de Loches<br />one son
| 942<br />aged 72
|-
| width = auto| Fulk II the Good<br />942–958
|
| 905<br />son of Fulk the Red
| Gerberge<br />two children
| 11 November 960<br />aged 55 Tours
|-
| width = auto| Geoffrey I Greymantle<br />960–987
|
| 940<br />son of Fulk II
| (1) Adele of Meaux<br />four children<br />(2) Adelaise de Chalon<br />March 979<br />one son
| 21 July 987<br />aged 47
|-
| width = auto| Fulk III the Black<br />987–1040
| 125px
| 972<br />son of Geoffrey I Greymantle and Adelaide of Vermandois
| (1) Elisabeth of Vendôme<br />one daughter<br />(2) Hildegard of Sundgau<br />1001<br />two children
| 21 June 1040<br />Metz<br />aged 68
|-
| width = auto| Geoffrey II Martel<br />1040–1060
| 90px
| son of Fulk the Black and Hildegard of Sundgau
| (1) Agnes of Burgundy<br />1032<br />no issue<br />(2) Grécie of Langeais<br />no issue<br />(3) Adèle<br />no issue<br />(4) Grécie of Langeais<br />no issue<br />(5) Adelaide<br />no issue
|
|}
Cognatic descent
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = "auto" | Geoffrey III the Bearded<br />1060–1067
| 125px
| 1040<br />eldest son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde of Anjou
| (1) Julienne de Langeais<br />no issue
| 1096<br />aged 56
|-
| width = "auto" | Fulk IV the Ill-Tempered<br />1067–1109
| 125px
| 1043<br />younger son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde of Anjou
| (1) Hildegarde of Beaugency<br />one daughter<br />(2) Ermengarde de Bourbon<br />1070<br />one son<br />(3) Orengarde de Châtelaillon<br />1076<br />no issue<br />(4) Mantie of Brienne<br />1080<br />no issue<br />(5) Bertrade de Montfort<br />1089<br />one son
| 14 April 1109<br />aged 66
|-
| width = "auto" | Geoffrey IV Martel the Younger<br />1103–1106
|
| 1070<br />son of Fulk IV and Ermengarde de Bourbon
| never married<br />no issue
| 19 May 1106<br />Candé<br />aged 36
|-
| width = "auto" | Fulk V the Young<br />1106–1129<br />
| 125px
| 1089<br />Angers<br />son of Count Fulk IV, Count of Anjou and Bertrade de Montfort
| (1) Ermengarde of Maine<br />1110<br />four children<br />(2) Melisende<br />2 June 1129<br />Jerusalem<br />two children
| 13 November 1143<br />Acre, Israel<br />aged 54
|}
House of Plantagenet
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
| width = "auto" | Geoffrey V Plantagenet
1129–1151
| 239x239px
| 24 August 1113
elder son of Fulk V of Anjou and Eremburga de La Flèche
| Empress Matilda
17 June 1128
three sons
| 7 September 1151
Château-du-Loir
aged 38
|-
| width = "auto" | Henry Curtmantle
1151–1189
| 210x210px
| 5 March 1133
Le Mans
son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou and Empress Matilda
| Eleanor of Aquitaine
18 May 1152
Poitiers
eight children
| 6 July 1189
Chinon
aged 56
|- ,
| colspan=99 | Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a count on lists of counts.
|-
| width = "auto" | Richard Lionheart
1189–1199
| 138x138px|Richard I of England
| 8 September 1157
Beaumont Palace
son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine
| Berengaria of Navarre
12 May 1191
Limassol
No legitimate issue
| 6 April 1199
Châlus
aged 42
|-
| Arthur
1199–1203
| 138x138px
| 29 March 1187
son of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany and Constance of Penthièvre
| never married
no issue
| April 1203
Rouen
aged 16
|}
In 1204, Anjou was lost to king Philip II of France. It was re-granted as an appanage for Louis VIII's son John, who died in 1232 at the age of thirteen, and then to Louis's youngest son, Charles, later the first Angevin king of Sicily.
Capetian dynasty
House of Anjou
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| width = auto| <br />1219–1232
|
|
|
|
|-
| width = auto| Charles I<br />1246–1285<br />
| 125px
| 21 March 1226<br />youngest son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile
| (1) Beatrice of Provence<br />31 January 1246<br />Aix-en-Provence<br />seven children<br />(2) Margaret of Burgundy<br />1268<br />one daughter
| 7 January 1285<br />Foggia<br />aged 58
|-
| width = auto| Charles II<br />1285–1290<br />
| 125px
| 1254<br />son of Charles I of Anjou and Beatrice of Provence
| Maria of Hungary<br />1270<br />14 children
| 5 May 1309<br />Naples<br />aged 55
|-
| width = auto| Margaret<br />1290–1299<br />
| 125px
| 1272<br />daughter of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary
| Charles of Valois<br />16 August 1290<br />Corbeil<br />six children
| 31 December 1299<br />aged 26
|}
In 1290, Margaret married Charles of Valois, the younger brother of king Philip IV of France. He became Count of Anjou in her right.
House of Valois
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| width = auto| Charles III<br />1290–1325<br />
| 125px
| 12 March 1270<br />fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon
| (1) Margaret of Naples<br />1290<br />six children<br />(2) Catherine of Courtenay<br />1302<br />four children<br />(3) Mahaut of Châtillon<br />1308<br />four children
| 16 December 1325<br />Nogent-le-Roi<br />aged 55
|-
| width = auto| Philip<br />1293–1328<br />
| 125px
| 1293<br />son of Charles of Valois and Margaret of Naples
| (1) Joan the Lame<br />July 1313<br />seven children<br />(2) Blanche of Navarre<br />11 January 1350<br />one daughter
| 22 August 1350<br />Nogent-le-Roi<br />aged 57
|}
In 1328, Philip of Valois ascended the French throne and became King Philip VI. At this time, the counties of Anjou, Maine, and Valois returned to the royal domain. On 26 April 1332, Philip granted the county to his eldest son, John:
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| John<br />1332–1350<br />
| 125px
| 16 April 1319<br />son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame
| (1) Bonne of Bohemia<br />28 July 1332<br />Church of Notre-Dame, Melun<br />nine children<br />(2) Joanna I of Auvergne<br />19 February 1350<br />Nanterre<br />two children
| 8 April 1364<br />Savoy<br />aged 44
|}
Following John's ascension to the throne as John II in 1350, the title again returned to the royal domain.
Dukes of Anjou
The dukes contributed greatly to social reform in the 1300s and 1400s.
First creation: 1360–1481 – House of Valois-Anjou
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Louis I<br />1356–1360 as Count of Anjou<br />1360–1384 as Duke of Anjou<br />
| 125px
| 23 July 1339<br />Château de Vincennes<br />second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg
| Marie of Blois<br />1360<br />three children
| 20 September 1384<br />Bisceglie<br />aged 45
|-
| width = auto| Louis II<br />1384–1417<br />
| 125px
| 1377<br />Toulouse<br />son of Louis I of Anjou
| Yolande of Aragon<br />Arles<br />1400<br />five children
| 29 April 1417<br />Angers<br />aged 40
|-
| width = auto| Louis III<br />1417–1434<br />
| 125px
| 25 September 1403<br />eldest son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon
| Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou<br />Cosenza<br />1432<br />no issue
| 12 November 1434<br />Cosenza<br />aged 31
|-
| width = auto| René<br />1434–1480<br />
| 125px
| 16 January 1409<br />Château d'Angers<br />second son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon
| (1) Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine<br />1420<br />10 children<br />(2) Jeanne de Laval<br />10 September 1454<br />Abbey of St. Nicholas, Angers<br />no issue
| 10 July 1480<br />Aix-en-Provence<br />aged 71
|-
| width = auto| Charles IV<br />1480–1481<br />
| 125px
| 1446<br />son of Charles of Maine, grandson of Louis II of Anjou
| Joan of Lorraine<br />1474<br />no issue
| 1481<br />aged 35
|}
On the death of Charles IV, Anjou returned to the royal domain.
Second creation: 1515–1531 – House of Savoy
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Louise<br />1515–1531<br />
| 125px
| 11 September 1476<br />Pont-d'Ain<br />eldest daughter of Philip II, Duke of Savoy and Margaret of Bourbon
| Charles of Orléans<br />16 February 1488<br />Paris<br />one daughter, one son
| 22 September 1531<br />Gretz-sur-Loing<br />aged 55
|}
Third creation: 1566–1576 – House of Valois-Angoulême
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Henry III<br />1566–1576<br />'
| 125px|center
| 19 September 1551<br />Palace of Fontainebleau<br />fourth son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici
| Louise of Lorraine<br />13 February 1575<br />Notre-Dame de Reims<br />no issue
| 2 August 1589<br />Saint-Cloud<br />aged 37
|}
Fourth creation: 1576–1584 – House of Valois-Angoulême
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
|-
| width = auto| Francis III<br />1576–1584<br />'
| 125px|center
| 18 March 1555<br />Palace of Fontainebleau<br />fifth son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici
| never married, but briefly engaged to Elizabeth I
| 19 June 1584<br />Château-Thierry<br />aged 29
|}
Fifth creation: 1608–1626 – House of Bourbon
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Gaston I<br />1608–1626<br />'
| 125px|center
| 25 April 1608<br />Palace of Fontainebleau<br />third son of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici
| (1) Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier<br />6 August 1626<br />Nantes<br />one daughter<br />(2) Marguerite of Lorraine<br />31 January 1632<br />Nancy<br />five children
| 2 February 1660<br />Château de Blois<br />aged 51
|}
Sixth creation: 1640–1660 – House of Orléans
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
|-
| width = auto| Philip I<br />1640–1660<br />'
| 125px|center
| 21 September 1640<br />Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye<br />second son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria
| (1) Princess Henrietta of England<br />31 March 1661<br />Palais-Royal<br />three children<br />(2) Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate<br />16 November 1671<br />Châlons-sur-Marne<br />three children
| 9 June 1701<br />Château de Saint-Cloud<br />aged 60
|}
Seventh creation: 1668–1671 – House of Bourbon
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|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Philippe Charles<br />1668–1671
| 125px|center
| 5 August 1668<br />Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye<br />second son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain
| never married
| 10 July 1671<br />Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye<br />aged 2
|}
8th creation: 1672 – House of Bourbon
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Louis François
1672
| 125px|center
| 14 June 1672<br />Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye<br />third son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain
| never married
| 4 November 1672<br />Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye<br />
|}
9th creation: 1683–1700 – House of Bourbon
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Philip II<br />1683–1700
| 125px|center
| 19 December 1683<br />Palace of Versailles<br />second son of Louis, le Grand Dauphin and Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
| (1) Maria Luisa of Savoy<br />2 November 1701<br />Figueres<br />four children<br />(2) Elisabeth of Parma<br />24 December 1714<br />Guadalajara<br />seven children
| 9 July 1746<br />Madrid<br />aged 62
|}
10th creation: 1710–1715 – House of Bourbon
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Louis the Beloved<br />1710–1715<br />'
| 125px|center
| 15 February 1710<br />Palace of Versailles<br />third son of Louis, le Petit Dauphin and Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
| Marie Leszczyńska<br />4 September 1725<br />Palace of Fontainebleau<br />eleven children
| 10 May 1774<br />Palace of Versailles<br />aged 64
|}
11th creation: 1730–1733 – House of Bourbon
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! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
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| width = auto| Philip<br />1730–1733
| 125px|center
| 30 August 1730<br />Palace of Versailles<br />fourth son of Louis XV and Marie Leszczyńska
| never married
| 17 April 1733<br />Palace of Versailles<br />aged 2
|}
12th creation: 1755–1795 – House of Bourbon
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
|-
| width = auto| Louis the Desired<br />1755–1795<br />'
| 125px|center
| 17 November 1755<br />Palace of Versailles<br />fourth son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
| Marie Joséphine of Savoy<br />14 May 1771<br />Palace of Versailles<br />no issue
| 16 September 1824<br />Paris<br />aged 68
|}
Dukes of Anjou without legal creation
1883–present – House of Bourbon
After the death of Henri, Count of Chambord, only the descendants of Philip V of Spain remained of the male line of Louis XIV. The most senior of these, the Carlist claimant to the Spanish throne, became the eldest of the Capetians. Some of them used the courtesy title of Duke of Anjou, as shown below:
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
|-
| width = auto| Jaime<br />1909–1931<br />'
| 125px|center
| 27 June 1870<br />Vevey<br />third son of Carlos, Duke of Madrid and Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma
| never married
| 2 October 1931<br />Paris<br />aged 60
|-
| width = auto| Alfonso Carlos<br />1931–1936<br />'
| 125px|center
| 12 September 1849<br />London<br />second son of Juan, Count of Montizón and Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este
| Infanta Maria das Neves of Portugal<br />26 April 1871<br />Kleinheubach<br />no issue
| 29 September 1936<br />Vienna<br />aged 87
|}
At the death of Alfonso Carlos in 1936, the Capetian seniority passed to the exiled King of Spain, Alfonso XIII. In 1941, Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, succeeded his father Alfonso XIII (Alphonse I of France according to the Legitimists) as the heir male of Louis XIV and therefore as the Legitimist claimant to the French throne. He then adopted the title of Duke of Anjou.
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
|-
| width = auto| Jaime<br />1941–1975<br />'
| 125px|center
| 23 June 1908<br />Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso<br />second son of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
| (1) Emmanuelle de Dampierre<br />4 March 1935<br />Church of San Ignacio de Loyola, Rome<br />two children<br />(2) Charlotte Tiedemann<br />3 August 1949<br />Innsbruck<br />no issue
| 20 March 1975<br />St. Gallen<br />aged 66
|-
| width = auto| Alfonso<br />1975–1989<br />'
| 125px|center
| 20 April 1936<br />Rome<br />eldest son of Jaime and Emmanuelle de Dampierre
| María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco<br />8 March 1972<br />Royal Palace of El Pardo<br />two sons
| 30 January 1989<br />Beaver Creek Resort<br />aged 52
|-
| width = auto| Louis Alphonse<br />1989–present<br />'
| 125px|center
| 25 April 1974<br />Madrid<br />second son of Alfonso and María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco
| María Margarita Vargas Santaella<br />6 November 2004<br />La Romana<br />four children
| living
|}
2004–present – House of Bourbon-Orléans
On 8 December 2004, Henry, Count of Paris, Duke of France, Orléanist Pretender to the French throne, granted the title Duke of Anjou to his nephew, Charles-Philippe d'Orléans. Since he did not recognize his cousin's courtesy title, in his view, the title was available since 1795.
{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | Name !! style="width:10%;" | Portrait !! style="width:20%;" | Birth !! style="width:20%;" | Marriages !! style="width:20%;" | Death
|-
| width = auto| Charles-Philippe<br />2004–present
| 125px|center
| 3 March 1973<br />Paris<br />eldest son of Michel, Count of Évreux, and Beatrice Pasquier de Franclieu
| Diana Álvares Pereira de Melo, 11th Duchess of Cadaval<br />21 June 2008<br />Cathedral of Évora<br />
| living
|}
References
External links
- Titles of the counts and dukes of Anjou in the 11–16th centuries from contemporary documents with bibliography