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The confederal entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina &ndash; the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS) &ndash; were created by the Dayton Agreement in December 1995. The condominium of the two entities, the Brčko District, was established in 1999.

The vast majority of the population in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Bosniaks and Croats. In contrast, in Republika Srpska, the vast majority are Serbs. Due to the entities' significant power and political differences, Bosnia and Herzegovina is described as a confederation.

Overview

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is split into 10 cantons, local governing units endowed with substantial autonomy. In contrast, Republika Srpska operates under a centralised government structure. While the state level holds limited exclusive or joint responsibilities, the entities wield most of the authority. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska control the majority of jurisdictions and resources, each with its own constitution, president, parliament, government, and prime minister. They manage citizenship matters and primarily enforce laws since the state level lacks this ability. The entities serve as the primary level for distributing state-collected funds and oversee a significant portion of civil and political rights. They hold direct representation in state-level institutions and essentially possess veto power over all state policies.

List

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! Name || Area<br/>(km<sup>2</sup>)|| Pop. || Density<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)

! Ethnic<br/>groups || Munic. || Status || Map

|-

|<small>Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</small><br><small>Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine<br>Федерација Босне и Херцеговине</small>

| 26,110.5

| 2,243,000

|85.9

|

| 79<br/>

| Entity

|100px

|-

| <br><small>Република Српска<br>Republika Srpska</small>

| 24,532.8

| 1,209,000

|49.3

|

| 64<br/>

| Entity

|100px

|-

|Brčko District<br><small>Brčko Distrikt<br>Брчко Дистрикт</small>

| 493

| 85,000

|172.4

|

|

| Self-governing condominium

|100px

|}

See also

  • Proposed Croat federal unit in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia

References

Further reading

  • A precarious peace, The Economist, 22 January 1998
  • The EU's pseudosuccess in Bosnia, Centre for Eastern Studies 2011
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ongoing erosion of the State, Centre for Eastern Studies 2011