Collins Street, Melbourne

Collins Street is a major street in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was laid out in the first survey of Melbourne, the original 1837 Hoddle Grid, and soon became the most desired address in the city. Collins Street was named after Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania David Collins who led a group of settlers in establishing a short-lived settlement at Sorrento in 1803.

The eastern end of Collins Street has been known colloquially as the 'Paris End' since the 1950s due to its numerous heritage buildings, old street trees, high-end shopping boutiques, and as the location for the first footpath cafes in the city. As with all main streets in the Melbourne city centre, the Hoddle Grid is exactly 99 feet wide which would allow for the installation of trams in 1885. Blocks further west centred around Queen Street became the financial heart of Melbourne in the 19th century, the preferred home of major banks and insurance companies, a tradition which continues today with the most prestigious office blocks and skyscrapers found along its length.

The first major street improvements were carried out in the mid-1850s, including bluestone curbs and gutters, and the introduction of gas lighting in 1855. The first street trees were elms, planted in 1875. A cable tram line was laid in 1886 and was operational until 1930 when it was electrified. With the development of the suburbs, doctors relocated from their residences, set back from the street by substantial gardens along Collins Street East (now known as the 'Paris End'), and shopfronts were built in place, including then department store Georges.

20th century

thumb|left|upright|Collins Street, 1910

Around the turn of the 20th century "doing the Block," or walking around in one's finest clothing to be seen, became a pastime for shoppers at the Block Arcade in the retail heart of Collins Street, between Elizabeth and Swanston Streets.

thumb|right|Collins Street, 1930s

During the 1950s and 1960s, the street became subject to extensive redevelopment and many historic buildings were demolished by Whelan the Wrecker, despite the efforts of the National Trust and the Save Collins Street group. While some examples of Boom Style architecture survive, the grandest examples were lost to the wrecker's ball. Of the major losses, the most significant were the large Victorian buildings including the Federal Coffee Palace, Colonial Mutual Life building, Robb's buildings, Queen Victoria Buildings, City of Melbourne Bank, Scott's Hotel, Melbourne Mansions and APA building. with the street ending outside the new ANZ and Myer headquarters further in the Docklands development. It has since been extended further west to create an intersection between Bourke Street and Collins Streets, two of Melbourne's most important streets.

Architecture

thumb|upright|[[Scots' Church, Melbourne|Scots' Church dwarfed by 120 Collins Street]]

As Melbourne's commercial and former shopping centre, Collins Street possesses some of Melbourne's best examples of Victorian architecture. Large churches include the Collins Street Baptist Church (1845), the St Michael's Uniting Church (1866) and the Scot's Presbyterian Church (1874).

Significant commercial buildings include Alston's Corner (1914) by Nahum Barnet, an excellent surviving example of Edwardian architecture, while the Block Arcade by D.C Askew (1891-3) is an excellent example of high Victorian Mannerist architecture. To the west in the financial end are some great examples of high Victorian Gothic architecture including William Pitt's elaborate Stock Exchange (1888), next to William Wardell's Venetian influenced Gothic Bank (1883) on the north east corner of Queen Street, which features some of Melbourne's finest Gothic interiors, and diagonally opposite the former National Mutual designed by Wright, Reed & Beaver (1891).

The old Commercial Bank of Australia Limited domed Chamber exists within the postmodern 333 Collins Street tower. It was designed by Lloyd Tayler and Alfred Dunn and built in 1891. Some of Australia's tallest buildings are along Collins Street, including the Rialto Towers, Collins Place towers 1 & 2, Nauru House, 120 Collins Street and 101 Collins Street and the former ANZ World Headquarters, at 380 Collins Street, behind the old Stock Exchange and Gothic Bank.

The 1929 built Francis House at 107 Collins Street, was the first building awarded the Street Architecture Medal and was designed by architects Blackett and Forster for pharmacists Henry Francis & Co. It still stands in near original condition, a handsome but narrow fronted five storey commercial building with a fine grained street level shopfront currently leased by Bally.

The Bank of New South Wales Melbourne building, completed in 1857, earned architect Joseph Reed a first prize in architecture. When the building was demolished in 1935, the facade was transplanted to the University of Melbourne in Parkville to become the Commerce Building. It is now retained on the facade of the new building being constructed for the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning.

Shopping and boutiques

thumb|[[Block Arcade]]

thumb|Atrium roof of Strozzi

Collins Street is Melbourne's premier shopping street and retailers with flagship stores there include: Prada, Louis Vuitton, Moncler, Tiffany & Co, Bulgari, Giorgio Armani, Dior, Bottega Veneta, Saint Laurent, Balenciaga, Celine, TAG Heuer, Paspaley, Cartier, Gucci, Ermenegildo Zegna, Burberry, Bally, Max Mara, Hermès, Dolce & Gabbana, Christian Louboutin, Fendi, Jimmy Choo, Versace, Golden Goose, Berluti, Breitling, Fred, Chopard, Hugo Boss, Van Cleef & Arpels, Omega, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Georg Jensen, Rolex, Loewe, Longchamp, Aesop, Longines, Anthony Squires, Hardy Brothers, Jan Logan, Bremont, Montblanc, Miss Louise and Franck Muller.

Major shopping centres include Collins Place, Block Arcade, Georges on Collins, 80 Collins, Collins 234, 260 Collins and Centreway.

Noteworthy businesses

thumb|The [[Melbourne Athenaeum|Athenaeum]]

Two theatres, the Athenaeum and Regent theatres, are both located on Collins Street. These theatres host Australian and international productions and live performances throughout the year.

There are many hotels located on Collins Street, with major hotels including the Sofitel Melbourne on Collins, The Grand Hyatt Melbourne, The Westin Melbourne, W Hotel Melbourne, Novotel Melbourne on Collins and the InterContinental Melbourne at Rialto.

The Melbourne Club, a prestigious private social club established in the 19th century is located in renaissance revival style buildings designed by Leonard Terry and built in 1845.

The Liberal Party of Australia's Victorian division is located within Emirates House at 257 Collins Street.

The Reserve Bank of Australia's Victorian branch is located on Collins Street. Its 1960 buildings were once the national office for the bank. Australian financial services group Macquarie are located within the luxury 80 Collins precinct. Similarly, most global financial institutions with a presence in Melbourne, such as Goldman Sachs and Lazard, have their headquarters located on Collins Street. The majority are located within the prestigious 101 Collins Street, contributing to the reputation that Collins Street enjoys to this day.

Nauru House is notable for being the last offshore investment owned by the people of Nauru. It was sold in 2004.

Ghost sightings

Collins Street has been a popular stop over for local ghost tours, with a number of apparent sightings especially around the historical Docklands area.

Transport

Yarra Trams routes 11, 12, 48 and 109 run down Collins Street through the city centre, mainly to terminuses in Melbourne's eastern suburbs, Port Melbourne and the Docklands precinct. Collins Street is also served by Parliament railway station at its eastern end and Southern Cross railway station at its western end.

File:Collins Street Southern Cross Station.jpg|Looking down Collins Street from Southern Cross station

File:B Class at Melbourne Town hall - panoramio.jpg|B class tram

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Gallery

File:T&G Building, Collins Street, Melbourne.jpg|T&G Building

File:Acgoode house collins street melbourne.jpg|A. C. Goode House

File:Melbourne Club Collins Street.jpg|Melbourne Club

File:Grosvenor Chambers Melbourne.jpg|Grosvenor Chambers

File:ASSEMBLY HALL,156-160 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia (Cnr view).jpg|Assembly Hall

File:Nauru House AON.jpg|Nauru House

File:Block Arcade Collins Street.jpg|The Block

File:Professional Chambers building in Collins Street Melbourne.jpg|Professional Chambers building

File:St-Michael's-at-Night.jpg|St Michael's Uniting Church

File:170-174 Collins Street, Melbourne City.jpg|Baptist Church

File:Regent Theatre in Collin Street, Melbourne.jpg|Regent Theatre

File:Former Fourth Victoria Building.jpg|Fourth Victoria Building

File:Louis Vutton Collins Street.jpg|Cambridge Building

File:Alstons corner and the block collins street melbourne.jpg|Alston's Corner

File:101 Collins Melbourne Australia.jpg|101 Collins Street

File:Melbourne Stock Exchange Collins Street.jpg|Former Stock Exchange

File:171 Collins Street Melbourne.jpg|Auditorium Building

File:Bank of Australasia Collins Street.jpg|Bank of Australasia Headquarters

File:Temple court 1.jpg|Temple Court Building

File:AON Centre view from Collins Street.jpg|AON Centre

File:Victorian Row, Collins Street, Melbourne.jpg|Olderfleet buildings

File:Rialto architecture Melbourne.jpg|Intercontinental Hotel, dwarfed by the Rialto Tower

File:530 Collins Street.jpg|530 Collins Street

File:Manchester Unity Building, Melbourne.jpg|Manchester Unity Building

File:Collins Street Melbourne ANZ Bank Building.jpg|ANZ Bank