Coenonympha is a butterfly genus belonging to the Coenonymphina, a subtribe of the browns (Satyrinae). The latter are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae). As a rule, Palearctic species are colloquially called heaths, while Nearctic ones are called ringlets. Neither term is limited to members of this genus, however.
Selected species
Listed alphabetically:
- Coenonympha amaryllis <small>Stoll, 1782</small>
- Coenonympha ampelos <small>Edwards, 1871</small> – northwest ringlet
- Coenonympha arcania <small>(Linnaeus, 1761)</small> – pearly heath
- Coenonympha arcanioides <small>Pierret, 1837</small> – Moroccan pearly heath
- Coenonympha caeca <small>Staudinger, 1886</small>
- Coenonympha california <small>Westwood, 1851</small> – California ringlet
- Coenonympha corinna <small>(Hübner, 1804)</small> – Corsican heath [Corsica, Sardinia, Elba]
- Coenonympha darwiniana <small>Staudinger, 1871</small> (sometimes in C. gardetta, or C. arcania × C. gardetta)<!-- ActaZoologicaAcademiaeScientiarumHungaricae56:383. -->
- Coenonympha (darwiniana) macromma <small>Turati & Verity 1910</small><!-- ActaZoologicaAcademiaeScientiarumHungaricae56:383. -->
- Coenonympha × decolorata <small>Wagner, 1913</small> (= C. mahometana × C. sunbecca)
- Coenonympha dorus <small>(Esper, 1782)</small> – dusky heath
- Coenonympha fettigii <small>Oberthür, 1874</small>
- Coenonympha gardetta <small>(de Prunner, 1798)</small> – Alpine heath [Alps, northern Balkans]
- Coenonympha glycerion <small>(Borkhausen, 1788)</small> – chestnut heath
- Coenonympha haydenii <small>Edwards, 1872</small> – Hayden's ringlet, Wyoming ringlet, Yellowstone ringlet
- Coenonympha hero <small>(Linnaeus, 1761)</small> – scarce heath
- Coenonympha inornata <small>Edwards, 1861</small> – prairie ringlet<!-- AnimalBehavior62:349. -->
- Coenonympha iphioides <small>Staudinger, 1870</small> – Spanish heath
- Coenonympha kodiak <small>Edwards, 1869</small> – Kodiak ringlet
- Coenonympha leander <small>Esper, 1784</small> – Russian heath
- Coenonympha mahometana <small>Alphéraky, 1881</small>
- Coenonympha mangeri <small>Bang Haas, 1927</small>
- Coenonympha mongolica <small>Alphéraky, 1881</small>
- Coenonympha nipisiquit <small>McDunnough, 1939</small> – maritime ringlet
- Coenonympha nolckeni <small>Erschoff, 1874</small>
- Coenonympha ochracea <small>Edwards, 1861</small> – ocher ringlet<!-- an American species; hence US English spelling. But make disambiguation from "Ochre ringlet" -->
- Coenonympha oedippus <small>(Fabricius, 1787)</small> – false ringlet
- Coenonympha pamphilus <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> – small heath
- Coenonympha pavonina <small>Alphéraky, 1888</small>
- Coenonympha rhodopensis <small>Elwes, 1900</small> – eastern large heath [Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, N.Greece, Yugoslavia]
- Coenonympha saadi <small>Kollar, 1849</small>
- Coenonympha semenovi <small>Alphéraky, 1887</small>
- Coenonympha sinica <small>Alphéraky, 1888</small>
- Coenonympha sunbecca <small>Eversmann, 1843</small>
- Coenonympha symphita <small>Lederer, 1870</small>
- Coenonympha thyrsis <small>Freyer, 1845</small>
- Coenonympha tullia <small>(Müller, 1764)</small> – large heath, common ringlet
- Coenonympha tydeus <small>Leech, 1892</small><!-- "tyderes" is probably lapsus -->
- Coenonympha vaucheri <small>Blachier, 1905</small> – Vaucher's heath
- Coenonympha xinjiangensis <small>Chou & Huang, 1994</small>
Gallery
<gallery>
Coenonympha arcania (HS).jpg|Coenonympha arcania
Coenonympha dorus (2008.08.13 Alquezar Spain).jpg|Coenonympha dorus
Coenonympha gardetta gardetta 01 (HS).JPG|Coenonympha gardetta
Coenonympha glycerion.JPG|Coenonympha glycerion
(MHNT) Coenonympha hero - Krakow Poland - male ventral.jpg|Coenonympha hero
Satyridae - Coenonympha pamphilus (1).JPG|Coenonympha pamphilus
Common Ringlet.jpg|Coenonympha tullia
(MHNT) Coenonympha vaucheri - Tizi-n-Tamda, Maroc - male dorsal.jpg| Coenonympha vaucheri
</gallery>
Footnotes
References
- "Coenonympha Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms