thumb|200px|[[Church San Blas de Illescas of Coamo]]

thumb|200px|Downtown [[plaza area]]

Coamo (, ) is a town and municipality founded in 1579 in the south-central region of Puerto Rico, located north of Santa Isabel; south of Orocovis and Barranquitas; east of Villalba and Juana Díaz; and west of Aibonito and Salinas. The municipality of Coamo is spread over 10 barrios and Coamo Pueblo – the town or downtown area and administrative center of the city. The Coamo municipality is also a Micropolitan Statistical Area and as such is part of the Ponce-Yauco-Coamo Combined Statistical Area.

The town of Coamo and parts of its barrios are nestled in a valley about east of the town of Ponce (about 40 minutes by car). It was named San Blas Illescas de Coamo by Spanish settlers in 1579. Saint Blaise (San Blas) was designated by the Catholic Church as the patron saint of the town, and so it remains presently. Illescas is the Spanish town where some of the town founders originated (nowadays in Toledo province, Castile-La Mancha, Spain).

There are several theories regarding the origin of the word Coamo. One theory is that it comes from an indigenous word that means "valley". Another theory is that Coamo derives its name from Coamex (or Coamey), who was a celebrated local cacique. Archeological digs in the municipality of Coamo have produced extensive evidence of pre-Columbian inhabitants of the area.

Coamo is famous for its natural hot springs, Los Baños de Coamo, and for its annual San Blas Half Marathon. The Battle of Coamo was a decisive battle of the Spanish–American War (1898).

History

When Spanish settlers arrived, Coamo was inhabited by the Taino. Modern archeology has found evidence of at least four pre-columbian villages in the territory that is today the Coamo municipality:

  • "Buenos Aires" village was located in the current downtown southern section, were today is Buenos Aires Street
  • "Baños de Coamo" village was located by the hot springs, across the river from the modern baths.
  • "Cuyón" village was located in what is now Cuyón barrio
  • "Las Flores" village was located west of the Las Flores neighborhood in San Ildefonso barrio. Artifacts found here suggest a high status cacique lived here.

It is believed the Coamo villages had strong ties with the coastal village "El Cayito" (in what is now Santa Isabel municipality) and the "Toíta" village (in what is now Cayey municipality) due to the large quantities of marine shellfish remains found in the Coamo and Cayey villages. These springs were once rumored to have been Juan Ponce de León's legendary fountain of youth. In the early nineteenth century, a system of pools of varying depths, sizes and temperatures was constructed at the site of these springs to serve as a spa for the colonials. During the American invasion in the Spanish–American War (1898), this site was the scene of one of the decisive battles of that conflict (the Battle of Coamo). The American troops took possession of the island, and the spa was subsequently abandoned. Though the site lay in ruins for most of the twentieth century, it continued to be a landmark to the Coameños, who would often go to bathe in its healing thermal waters. The pools remain, but the old buildings which once hosted the island's affluent and colonial soldiers are gone, except for the remains of one central wall structure. It has been preserved and incorporated into a fountain courtyard on the grounds of a popular tourist hotel and rest area and has replaced the ancient Spanish ruins.

Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Coamo was 15,144.

Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 triggered numerous landslides in Coamo with the significant amount of rainfall. As of October 9, no one in Coamo had electrical service, only 15% of Coamo had access to clean drinking water, and several people on dialysis had died. Around 2,000 homes were partially or completely destroyed. The iconic was a total loss.

Geography

Coamo is located in the South Central region of Puerto Rico.

Barrios

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Coamo is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as , near the center of the municipality.

  1. Coamo Arriba
  2. Coamo barrio-pueblo
  3. Cuyón
  4. Hayales
  5. Los Llanos
  6. Palmarejo
  7. Pasto
  8. Pedro García
  9. Pulguillas
  10. San Ildefonso
  11. Santa Catalina

Sectors

Barrios (which are like minor civil divisions) are further subdivided into smaller areas called (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.

Special Communities

(Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Coamo: Zambrana neighborhood, Cuyón, Sector Varsovia in El Cerro, Río Jueyes, and Sector Sabana Hoyo.

Economy

Agriculture

Coamo is an agricultural center where mangoes, corn, guanabanas, tamarindo, quenepas, avocados, oranges and plantains are grown, and where poultry and cattle are raised.

Industry

Coamo is a trading center for machinery, aircraft radio components, and clothing.

Tourism

To stimulate local tourism, the Puerto Rico Tourism Company launched the Voy Turistiendo ("I'm Touring") campaign, with a passport book and website. The Coamo page lists , , and , as places of interest.

thumb|The house of Florencio Santiago, a philanthropist from Pasto, Coamo

Landmarks and places of interest

There are eight places in Coamo listed on the US National Register of Historic Places:

  • Casa Blanca de Coamo
  • Ermita Nuestra Señora de la Valvanera
  • Iglesia San Blas de Illescas, construction on the church began in 1661 and it is one of the oldest parishes in Puerto Rico
  • Puente de las Calabazas
  • General Méndez Vigo Bridge
  • Puente Padre Iñigo
  • Picó Pomar Residence, now a museum
  • Carretera Central, a highway that runs through several municipalities including Coamo

Some of the landmarks of Coamo are:

  • Los Baños de Coamo (Coamo Thermal Baths) – near the border with Santa Isabel
  • Puente de Las Flores

Culture

Festivals and events

Coamo celebrates its patron saint festival in February. The is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.

Other festivals and events celebrated in Coamo include:

  • San Blas Half Marathon – February
  • Crafts festival in honor of the municipal flag – June
  • Coamo Anniversary – July
  • Concert and lighting of the Christmas tree – December

Sports

Coamo is famous for being the host of the San Blas Half Marathon, a yearly world-class professional marathon that attracts the best competitive runners in the world. It was inaugurated in 1963 by Delta Phi Delta fraternity in honor to the founder of the town. World-class international and local runners compete in a half-marathon. It is Puerto Rico's biggest race, and the crowds are always large.

The Maratonistas de Coamo (from the BSN) is the only professional team which the town hosts. The team has played in Coamo with mixed success since joining the league in 1985.

Demographics

{| class="wikitable"

|-

!colspan=3|Race - Coamo, Puerto Rico - 2000 Census

|-----

! Race

! Population

! % of Total

|-----

| White||30,264||80.5%

|-----

| Black/African American||2,165||5.8%

|-----

| American Indian and Alaska Native||101||0.3%

|-----

| Asian||25||0.1%

|-----

| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander||6||0.0%

|-----

| Some other race||3,799||10.1%

|-----

| Two or more races||1,237||3.3%

|}

Government

All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Coamo is Juan Carlos García Padilla, of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). He was first elected at the 2000 general elections.

The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district VI, which is represented by two Senators. In 2024, Rafael Santos Ortiz and Wilmer Reyes Berríos were elected as District Senators.

Transportation

There are 31 bridges in Coamo.

Education

Coamo's first school was built in 1901.

Symbols

The has an official flag and coat of arms.

Flag

The flag of Coamo derives its colors from the coat of arms. Its colors are red, yellow, and black.

Coat of arms

The top left and the lower right have a red background with a gold Episcopal hat each. These parts of the coat of arms represent the old seat of San Blas de Illescas. The horse and the bull represent the cattle wealth of the population. The gold color that serves as background in contrast with the black color, recalls the yellowish reddish tone of the fields of Coamo during the droughts. The heavy border of the coat of arms contains the following figures: two flames; three bell towers with gold bells outlined in red; two red crosses with arms ending in three petals; and a circle with a surface divided by horizontal blue and silver-plated stripes.