The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .
For the close-mid front unrounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol or , see near-close front unrounded vowel. If the usual symbol is , the vowel is listed here.
Features
thumb|left|[[Spectrogram of ]]
Occurrence
{|class="wikitable" style="clear:both;"
|-
!colspan=2|Language
!Word
!IPA
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|Afrikaans
|Standard ||
|
|'bed'
|Typically transcribed in IPA with . The height varies between close-mid and mid . See Afrikaans phonology
|-
| Arabic
|Standard
|/majrēhā
|
|
|See imalah
|-
|colspan=2|Azerbaijani
|/گئجه
|[ɟeˈd͡ʒæ]
|'night'
|
|-
| colspan="2" |Bengali
|
|
|'wet'
|See Bengali phonology
|-
|Bavarian
|Amstetten dialect
|
|
|
|
|-
|colspan=2|Breton
|eget
|[eˈɡet] || 'than'
|
|-
|colspan=2|Catalan
|
|
|'fold'
|See Catalan phonology
|-
|Chinese
|Shanghainese
|/kè
|
|'should'
|Near-front; realization of , which appears only in open syllables. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to (), which appears only in closed syllables.
|-
|colspan=2|Chuvash
|эрешмен/ereşmen
|[erɛʃ'mɛnʲ]
|'spider'
|
|-
|Danish
|Standard
|
|
|'heel'
|Typically transcribed in IPA with . See Danish phonology
|-
|Dutch
|Belgian
|
|
|'strange'
|In the Netherlands often diphthongized to . See Dutch phonology
|-
|rowspan=13|English
|Australian
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|'bed'
|See Australian English phonology
|-
|New Zealand || The height varies from near-close in broad varieties to mid in the Cultivated variety. See New Zealand English phonology
|-
|General American
|rowspan=7|may
|rowspan=7|
|rowspan=7|'may'
|Most often a closing diphthong .
|-
|General Indian
|Realized closer to [j̚e].
|-
|General Pakistani
|Can be a diphthong instead, depending on speaker.
|-
| Geordie
|
|-
|Scottish
|
|-
|Singaporean
|
|-
|Ulster
|Pronounced in Belfast.
|-
|Some Cardiff speakers
|rowspan=2|square
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|'square'
|More often open-mid .
|-
| Scouse
| May (less commonly) be less open [ɪː] or more open [ɛː] instead
|-
|Scottish
|bit
|
|'bit'
|Near-front, may be (also ) instead for other speakers.
|-
|Cockney
|bird
|
|'bird'
|Near-front; occasional realization of . It can be rounded or, more often, unrounded central instead. Typically transcribed in IPA with .
|-
|colspan=2|Estonian ||
|
|'body'
|See Estonian phonology
|-
|colspan=2|French
|
|
|'beauty'
|See French phonology
|-
|rowspan=4|German
|Standard
|
|
|'soul'
|See Standard German phonology
|-
|Many speakers
|
|
|'hunter'
|Outcome of the merger found universally in Northern Germany, Eastern Germany and Eastern Austria (often even in formal speech) and in some other regions. See Standard German phonology
|-
|Southern accents
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|'bed'
|Common realization of in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria. See Standard German phonology
|-
|Swabian accent<!--NOT 'dialect', the source talks about Standard German spoken with Swabian accent-->
|Contrasts with the open-mid . See Standard German phonology
|-
|Greek
|Sfakian
|
|
|
|Corresponds to mid in Modern Standard Greek. See Modern Greek phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Hebrew
|/ken
|
|'yes'
|Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology
|-
|rowspan=2|Hindustani
|Hindi
|/tez
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|'fast', 'sharp'
|rowspan=2|See Hindustani phonology
|-
|Urdu
|/tez
|-
|colspan=2|Hungarian
|
|
|'seven'
|Also described as mid . See Hungarian phonology
|-
|Italian
|Standard
|
|
|'stars'
|See Italian phonology
|-
|colspan="2"|Khmer
| /
|
| 'durian'
| See Khmer phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Korean
| /
|
|'echo'
|See Korean phonology
|-
|Limburgish
|Most dialects
|
|
|'dear'
|The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
|-
|colspan=2|Lithuanian
|
|
|'father'
|'Tete' and 'tėtis' are more commonly used than 'tėtė.'
|-
| rowspan="2" |Malay
| rowspan="2" |Standard
|kecil
|
|'small'
|Allophone of /i/ in closed-final syllables. May be [] or [<nowiki/>e̞] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
|-
|habis
|
|'run out'
|Allophone of []. See Malay phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Malayalam
|ചെവി/čevi
|[ȶ͡ɕeʋi]
|'ear'
|See Malayalam phonology
|-
| colspan="2" |Marathi
|एक/ek
|[e:k]
|'one'
|See Marathi phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Norwegian
|
|
|'laugh'
|The example word is from Urban East Norwegian. See Norwegian phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Mpade || || || 'night' ||
|-
|colspan=2|Persian
|سه/se
|[se]
|'three'
|
|-
|colspan=2|Polish
|
|
|'day'
|Allophone of between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Portuguese
|
|
|'table'
|See Portuguese phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Romanian
|
|
|'to fill'
|See Romanian phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Russian
|/šeja
|
|'neck'
|Close-mid before and between soft consonants, mid after soft consonants. See Russian phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Saterland Frisian
|
|
|'thin'
|Near-front; typically transcribed in IPA with . Phonetically, it is nearly identical to (). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with is actually near-close .
|-
|colspan=2|Slovene
|
|
|'seven'
|See Slovene phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Sotho
|
|
|'to tell'
|Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels. See Sotho phonology
|-
|Swedish
|Central Standard
|
|
|'see'
|Often diphthongized to (hear the word: ). See Swedish phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Tahitian
|
|
|'woman'
|
|-
|colspan=2|Tamil
|செவி/čevi
|[ȶ͡ɕeʋi]
|'ear'
|See Tamil phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Ukrainian
|ефі́рний
|[eˈfirnɪj]
|'ethereal'
|See Ukrainian phonology
|-
|colspan=2|Welsh
|chwech
|[χweːχ]
|'six'
|See Welsh phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Yoruba || || || ||
|}
See also
- Index of phonetics articles