The chief minister of Madhya Pradesh is the chief executive of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits. Chief Minister also serves as Leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly.
Following Madhya Pradesh's reorganisation on 1 November 1956, 19 people have served as its chief minister. Twelve of these belonged to the Indian National Congress, including the inaugural officeholder Ravishankar Shukla. The first non-Congress chief minister was Govind Narayan Singh who defected from the party and lead a Samyukta Vidhayak Dal government from 1967 to 1969. Digvijaya Singh of the Congress became the first officeholder to serve two full five-year terms. He was succeeded by Uma Bharti of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Madhya Pradesh's only woman chief minister. Shivraj Singh Chouhan of the Bharatiya Janata Party was the longest-serving chief minister of the state, serving for over 16 and half years. Chouhan was succeeded by Dr. Mohan Yadav of his own party after the 2023 elections, which was seen as a landslide victory for the BJP.
Predecessors
Vindhya Padesh (1948–1956)
Prime Ministers of Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States (UBBS)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
!Appointed by
(<small>Rajpramukh)</small>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|Awadhesh Pratap Singh
|28 May 1948
|14 April 1949
|
| rowspan="3" |Martand Singh
|Indian National Congress
| style="background-color:" |
|-
| scope="row" |2
| Neil Bruniat Bonerji
|15 April 1949
|30 April 1949
|
| rowspan="2" |Independent
| style="background-color:" |
|-
| scope="row" |3
|Shreenath Mehta
|1 May 1949
|31 December 1949
|
| style="background-color:" |
|}
Chief Ministers of Vindhya Pradesh
In 1948, the eastern regions of Central India Agency, became the Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States, and was admitted into the Dominion of India as a Part B state, headed by a Rajpramukh under the advice of a Prime Minister. It was renamed Vindhya Pradesh and converted to a Part C state, headed by a Chief Commissioner, on 1 January 1950. From 1950 till 1952 it did not have chief minister as a Part C state. In 1952, a legislative assembly was created and the post of Chief Commissioner was replaced by the Lieutenant Governor.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
! scope="col" |Assembly
!Appointed by
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|Sambhu Nath Shukla
|31 March 1952
|31 October 1956
|
|1st
<small> (1952)</small>
| K. Santhanam
| Indian National Congress
| style="background-color:" |
|}
Madhya Bharat (1948–1956)
In 1948, the western regions of Central India Agency and the Gwalior and Indore residencies, became the new state of Madhya Bharat. It was admitted into the union as a "Part B" state.
Prime Ministers of Madhya Bharat
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Portrait
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Tenure
!Appointed by
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|91x91px
|Liladhar Joshi
|28 May 1948
|May 1949
| rowspan="2" |Jivaji Rao Scindia
| rowspan="2" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
| scope="row" |2
| align="center" |
|Gopikrishna Vijayavargiya
|May 1949
|25 January 1950
|}
Chief Ministers of Madhya Bharat
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
! scope="col" |Assembly
!Appointed by
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|Gopikrishna Vijayavargiya
|26 January 1950
|18 October 1950
|
| rowspan="2" |Not yet created
| rowspan="5" |Jivaji Rao Scindia
| rowspan="5" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="9" style="background-color: " |
|-
| scope="row" |2
|Takhatmal Jain
|18 October 1950
|31 March 1952
|
|-
| scope="row" |3
|Mishrilal Gangwal
|31 March 1952
|16 April 1955
|
| rowspan="2" |1st
<small>(1952)</small>
|-
| scope="row" |(2)
|Takhatmal Jain
|16 April 1955
|31 October 1956
|
|}
Bhopal State (1949–1956)
Chief Minister of Bhopal State (1949–1956)
On 30 April 1949, Sir Hamidullah Khan, the Nawab of Bhopal signed an Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India. The state of Bhopal was taken over by the Union Government on 1 June 1949, and was declared a "Part C" state.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Portrait
! scope="col" |Name
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Tenure
! scope="col" |Assembly
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| scope="row" |1
|105x105px
|Shankar Dayal Sharma
|31 March 1952
|31 October 1956
|
|1st
<small>(1952)</small>
|Indian National Congress
| rowspan="9" style="background-color: " |
|}
List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh (since 1950)
After the independence of India, the state of Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the Central Provinces and Berar and the princely state of Makrai with Nagpur as the capital of the state.
The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 merged the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking southern region Vidarbha, which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay. In November 2000, as part of the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act the eastern and southeastern portion of the state was split off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
! Portrait
! Name
! Constituency
! colspan="3" |Tenure
! [Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Assembly
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="3" |1
| rowspan="3" |100x100px
| rowspan="3" |Ravishankar Shukla
|N/A
|26 January 1950
|30 March 1952
| rowspan="3" |
|Not yet created
| rowspan="9" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="9" style="background-color: " |
|-
| rowspan="2" |Saraipali
|31 March 1952
|31 October 1956
| rowspan="4" |1st
|-
|1 November 1956
|31 December 1956
|-
| 2
|align=center|
|Bhagwantrao Mandloi
|Khandwa
|9 January 1957
|31 January 1957
|
|-
| rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |3
| rowspan="2" |110x110px
| rowspan="2" |Kailash Nath Katju
| rowspan="2" |Jaora
| style="height: 45px;" |31 January 1957
|14 March 1957
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" |14 March 1957
|12 March 1962
|2nd
|-
| (2)
|align=center|
|Bhagwantrao Mandloi
|Khandwa
|12 March 1962
|30 September 1963
|
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|-
| rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |4
| rowspan="2" |100x100px
| rowspan="2" |Dwarka Prasad Mishra
| rowspan="2" |Katangi
| style="height: 45px;" |30 September 1963
|8 March 1967
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" |8 March 1967
|30 July 1967
| rowspan="5" |4th
|-
| 5
|align=center| 104x104px
|Govind Narayan Singh
|Rampur-Baghelan
|30 July 1967
|13 March 1969
|
| rowspan="2" |Samyukta Vidhayak Dal
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
| 6
|align=center|
|Nareshchandra Singh
|Pussour
|13 March 1969
|26 March 1969
|
|-
| 7
|109x109px
|Shyama Charan Shukla
|Rajim
|26 March 1969
|29 January 1972
|
| rowspan="4" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: " |
|-
| rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |8
| rowspan="2" align=center| 108x108px
| rowspan="2" |Prakash Chandra Sethi
| rowspan="2" |Ujjain North
| style="height: 45px;" |29 January 1972
|22 March 1972
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" |23 March 1972
|23 December 1975
| rowspan="2" |5th
|-
| (7)
|109x109px
|Shyama Charan Shukla
|Rajim
|23 December 1975
|30 April 1977
|
|-
| –
|120x120px
|Vacant
(President's rule)
|N/A
|30 April 1977
|24 June 1977
|
|Dissolved
| colspan="2" |N/A
|-
| 9
|112x112px
|Kailash Chandra Joshi
|Bagli
|24 June 1977
|18 January 1978
|
| rowspan="3" |6th
| rowspan="3" |Janata Party
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: " |
|-
| 10
|align=center|
|Virendra Sakhlecha
|Jawad
|18 January 1978
|20 January 1980
|
|-
| 11
| 87x87px
|Sunder Lal Patwa
|Mandsaur
|20 January 1980
|17 February 1980
|
|-
| –
|120x120px
|Vacant
(President's rule)
|N/A
|17 February 1980
|9 June 1980
|
|Dissolved
| colspan="2" |N/A
|-
| rowspan="2" |12
| rowspan="2" | 96x96px
| rowspan="2" |Arjun Singh
| rowspan="2" |Churhat
| style="height: 45px;" |9 June 1980
|10 March 1985
| rowspan="2" |
|7th
| rowspan="6" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: " |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" |11 March 1985
|13 March 1985
| rowspan="5" |8th
|-
| 13
|100x100px
|Motilal Vora
|Durg
|13 March 1985
|14 February 1988
|
|-
| (12)
| 96x96px
|Arjun Singh
|Kharsia
|14 February 1988
|25 January 1989
|
|-
| (13)
|100x100px
|Motilal Vora
|Durg
|25 January 1989
|9 December 1989
|
|-
| (7)
|109x109px
|Shyama Charan Shukla
|Not contested
|9 December 1989
|5 March 1990
|
|-
| (11)
|align=center| 87x87px
|Sunder Lal Patwa
|Bhojpur
|5 March 1990
|15 December 1992
|
|9th
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|style="background-color: " |
|-
| –
|120x120px
|Vacant
(President's rule)
|N/A
|15 December 1992
|7 December 1993
|
|Dissolved
| colspan="2" |N/A
|-
| rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="2" |97x97px
| rowspan="2" |Digvijaya Singh
|Chachoura
|7 December 1993
|1 December 1998
| rowspan="2" |
|10th
| rowspan="2" |Indian National Congress
|rowspan="2" style="background-color: " |
|-
|Raghogarh
|1 December 1998
|8 December 2003
|11th
|-
| 15
|100x100px
|Uma Bharti
|Malhara
|8 December 2003
|23 August 2004
|
| rowspan="3" |12th
| rowspan="5" |Bharatiya Janata Party
|rowspan="5" style="background-color: " |
|-
| 16
|103x103px
|Babulal Gaur
|Govindpura
|23 August 2004
|29 November 2005
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |17
| rowspan="3" |100x100px
| rowspan="3" |Shivraj Singh Chouhan
| rowspan="3" |Budhni
|29 November 2005
|12 December 2008
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|12 December 2008
|13 December 2013
|13th
|-
|14 December 2013
|17 December 2018
|14th
|-
| 18
|101x101px
|Kamal Nath
|Chhindwara
|17 December 2018
|23 March 2020
|
| rowspan="2" |15th
|Indian National Congress
|style="background-color:" |
|-
| (17)
|100x100px
|Shivraj Singh Chouhan
|Budhni
|23 March 2020
|13 December 2023
|
| rowspan="2" |Bharatiya Janata Party
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: " |
|-
| 19
|99x99px
|Mohan Yadav
|Ujjain South
|13 December 2023
|Incumbent
|
|16th
|}
Statistics
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! data-sort-type=number rowspan = "2" |#
! rowspan="2" |Chief Minister
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 |Party
! colspan="2" |Length of term
|-
! Longest tenure
! Total tenure
|-
| data-sort-value="1" | 1
| Shivraj Singh Chouhan
|
|
| 16 years, 283 days
|-
|2
|Digvijay Singh
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="2" | 3
| Ravishankar Shukla
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="3" | 4
| Arjun Singh
|
|
| 5 years, 258 days
|-
| data-sort-value="4" | 5
| Kailash Nath Katju
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="5" | 6
| Shyama Charan Shukla
|
|
| 4 years, 158 days
|-
| data-sort-value="6" | 7
| Prakash Chandra Sethi
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="7" | 8
| Dwarka Prasad Mishra
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="9" | 9
| Motilal Vora
|
|
| 3 years, 291 days
|-
| data-sort-value="8" | 10
| Sunderlal Patwa
| /JP
|
| 2 years, 313 days
|-
| data-sort-value="15" | 11
| Mohan Yadav*
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="10" | 12
| Virendra Sakhlecha
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="11" | 13
| Govind Narayan Singh
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="12" | 14
| Bhagwantrao Mandloi
|
|
| 1 year, 224 days
|-
| data-sort-value="13" | 15
| Babulal Gaur
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="14" | 16
| Kamal Nath
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="16" | 17
| Uma Bharti
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="17" | 18
| Kailash Chandra Joshi
|
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="18" | 19
| Nareshchandra Singh
|
|
|
|}
Timeline
Footnotes
Oath of Secrecy
"I, [Name], do swear in the name of God / solemnly affirm that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as a Minister for the State of [Name of State] except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such Minister."Pad ki Shapath (Oath of Office)
"Main, [CM ka Naam], Ishwar ki shapath leta hoon / satyanishtha se pratigyan karta hoon ki main vidhi dwara sthapit Bharat ke Samvidhan ke prati sachi shraddha aur nishtha rakhunga. Main Bharat ki prabhuta aur akhandta akshunn rakhunga. Main [State ka Naam] ke Rajya ke Mukhya Mantri ke roop mein apne kartavyon ka shraddhapoorvak aur shuddh antahkaran se nirvahan karunga, tatha main bhay ya pakshpat, anurag ya dwesh ke bina, sabhi prakar ke logon ke prati Samvidhan aur vidhi ke anusar nyay karunga."
B. Gopniyata ki Shapath (Oath of Secrecy)
"Main, [CM ka Naam], Ishwar ki shapath leta hoon / satyanishtha se pratigyan karta hoon ki jo vishay [State ka Naam] ke Rajya ke Mukhya Mantri ke roop mein mere vichar ke liye laya jayega athva mujhe gyaat hoga, use kisi vyakti ya vyaktityon ko, tab ke sivay jab ki aise Mukhya Mantri ke roop mein apne kartavyon ke uchit nirvahan ke liye aisa karna apekshit ho, main pratyaksh (directly) ya apratyaksh (indirectly) roop mein sansuchit ya prakat nahi karunga."
References
External links
- Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh