The Chicago City Council is the legislative branch of the government of the city of Chicago in Illinois. It consists of 50 alderpersons elected from 50 wards to serve four-year terms. The council is called into session regularly, usually monthly, to consider ordinances, orders, and resolutions whose subject matter includes code changes, utilities, taxes, and many other issues. The Chicago City Council Chambers are located in Chicago City Hall, as are the downtown offices of the individual alderpersons and staff.

The presiding officer of the council is the mayor of Chicago, who is usually non-voting, except in rare cases, such as to break a tie. The secretary is the city clerk of Chicago. Both positions are city-wide elected offices. In the absence of the mayor, an alderperson is elected to the position of President Pro Tempore serves as the presiding officer.

Originally established as the Common Council in 1837, it was renamed City Council in 1876. The Council assumed its modern form of 50 wards electing one alderperson each in 1923.

Composition

The most recent city council election was the 2023 Chicago aldermanic elections. The sitting term began on May 15, 2023.

Alderperson elections are officially nonpartisan; party affiliations below are informational only. Council members also self-organize into caucuses, or blocs that address particular issues. Active caucuses include the Black Caucus, Democratic Socialist Caucus, Latino Caucus, LGBT Caucus, and Progressive Reform Caucus.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders mw-collapsible"

|+ Current composition of the Chicago City Council

!scope="col" |Ward

!scope="col" |Name

!scope="col" |Start

!scope="col" colspan="2" |Party<!-- If you are planning to add or revise the political party section, please note:

• Political parties must be established political parties that run candidates in partisan elections. Examples include Democratic, Republican, Green, Libertarian, and Constitution. Other organizations that may endorse are not necessarily political parties.

• Political party affiliation must be based on the self-identification of the Alderperson (for example, holding office in a particular political party, holding previous office with a party affiliation, statements in interviews, etc.) They cannot be assumed or speculated. Remember that Illinois open primaries and does not have party registration.

• Any edits that do not comply with this consensus will be reverted and/or undone without warning. -->

!scope="col" |Main community areas

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|1

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Near North Side, Lincoln Park

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|3

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|Democratic

|Grand Boulevard, Near South Side, Douglas

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|4

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|Democratic

|Douglas, Kenwood, Near South Side

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|5

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|Democratic

|Hyde Park, South Shore, Woodlawn

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|6

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Greater Grand Crossing, Chatham

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|7

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|Democratic

|Bridgeport, New City, Armour Square

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|12

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|Democratic

|Brighton Park, McKinley Park, New City

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|13

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|Democratic

|Clearing, Garfield Ridge

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|14

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic<br>

|Archer Heights, Gage Park

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|15

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|New City, Washington Park, Woodlawn

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|21

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Washington Heights, West Pullman, Morgan Park

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|22

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|Democratic

|Garfield Ridge, West Lawn, West Elsdon

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|24

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|Democratic

|North Lawndale

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|25

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Humboldt Park, West Town, Logan Square

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|27

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Portage Park, Belmont Cragin, Irving Park

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|31

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Albany Park, Irving Park

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|34

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Near West Side, Loop

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|35

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|Democratic

|Belmont Cragin, West Town, Montclare

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|37

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|Democratic

|Dunning, O'Hare, Portage Park

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|39

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|Democratic

|North Park, Forest Glen

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|40

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Lincoln Square, West Ridge

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|41

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|style="background-color:" |

|Independent

|O'Hare, Norwood Park

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|42

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Lincoln Park

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|44

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Lake View

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|45

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Uptown, Lake View

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|47

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|North Center, Lincoln Square, Lake View, Uptown

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|48

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Edgewater, Uptown

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|49

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

|Rogers Park

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|50

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|style="background-color:" |

|Democratic

The committees are created, and their leaders and members are selected, through a resolution passed by the whole council.

As of May 2023, a majority of incoming City Council members after the 2023 election had agreed to a plan for the following subcommittees and chair assignments:

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"

!scope="col" |Committee

!scope="col" |Chair

!scope="col" |Vice Chair

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!scope="row" |Aviation

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!scope="row" |Budget and Government Operations

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!scope="row" |Committees and Rules

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!scope="row" |Contracting Oversight and Equity

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!scope="row" |Economic, Capital and Technology Development

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!scope="row" |Education and Child Development

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!scope="row" |Environmental Protection and Energy

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!scope="row" |Ethics and Government Oversight

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!scope="row" |Finance

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|Revenue (subcommittee)

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!scope="row" |Health and Human Relations

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!scope="row" |Housing and Real Estate

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!scope="row" |Immigration and Refugee Rights

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!scope="row" |License and Consumer Protection

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!scope="row" |Pedestrian and Traffic Safety

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!scope="row" |Police and Fire

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!scope="row" |Public Safety

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!scope="row" |Special Events

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!scope="row" |Transportation and Public Way

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!scope="row" |Workforce Development

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|Youth Employment (subcommittee)

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!scope="row" |Zoning, Landmarks and Building Standards

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|

|}

History

[[File:Map of city of Chicago Ward System by population 1904.jpg|thumb|Map of city of Chicago ward system in 1904. Wards with lower populations have larger boundaries. External link: current map of Chicago wards|240x240px]]

Chicago has been divided into wards since 1837, beginning with 6 wards. Until 1923, each ward elected two members to the city council. In 1923, the system that exists today was adopted with 50 wards, each with one council member elected by the ward. In accordance with Illinois state law, ward borders must be shifted after every federal census. This law is intended to give the population of the ward equal representation based by the size of the population of Chicago.

Chicago is unusual among major United States cities in the number of wards and representative alderpersons that it maintains. It has been noted that the current ward system promotes diverse ethnic and cultural representation on the city council.

In June 2021, the state of Illinois adopted a statute that changed the title of City Council members to alderperson (plural: alderpersons), replacing the gendered term aldermen. However, some members of City Council continue to use the term alderman or instead use alderwoman or alder.

Corruption

Chicago City Council Chambers has long been the center of public corruption in Chicago. The first conviction of Chicago alderpersons and Cook County Commissioners for accepting bribes to rig a crooked contract occurred in 1869. Between 1973 and 2012, 31 alderpersons were convicted of corruption. Approximately 100 alderpersons served in that period, which is a conviction rate of about one-third.

Fourteen of the Chicago's City Council's nineteen committees routinely violated the Illinois Open Meetings Act during the last four months of 2007 by not keeping adequate written records of their meetings. Chicago City Council committees violated the Illinois Open Meetings Act and their own rules by meeting and taking actions without a quorum at least four times over the same four-month span.

Over half of elected Chicago alderpersons took illegal campaign contributions totalling $282,000 in 2013.

Election

thumb|Map of the 50 wards of the City of Chicago in use since 2023<br>()

Chicago alderpersons are elected by popular vote every four years, on the last Tuesday in February in the year following national mid-term elections. A run-off election, if no candidate garners more than fifty percent of the vote, is held on the first Tuesday in April. The election is held on a non-partisan basis. New terms begin at noon Central Time on the third Monday in May following the election.

Authority and roles

The council, in conjunction with the Mayor of Chicago, hears recommendations from the Commission on Chicago Landmarks and then may grant individual properties Chicago Landmark status. The Council also has the power to redraw ward boundaries, resulting in the heavily gerrymandered map seen today.

Law

The Journal of the Proceedings of the City Council of the City of Chicago is the official publication of the acts of the City Council. The Municipal Code of Chicago is the codification of Chicago's local ordinances of a general and permanent nature. Between May 18, 2011, and August 2011, the first 100 days of the first term of Mayor Rahm Emanuel, 2,845 ordinances and orders were introduced to the Council.

Aldermanic privilege

Chicago's alderpersons are generally given exceptional deference, called "aldermanic privilege" or "aldermanic prerogative", to control city decisions and services within their ward. This is an unwritten and informal practice that emerged in the early 20th century and gives alderpersons control over "zoning, licenses, permits, property-tax reductions, city contracts and patronage jobs" in their wards. Political scientists have suggested that this facilitates corruption.

See also

  • Council Wars, a period of conflict within the City Council
  • Cook County Board of Commissioners
  • Workingmen's Party of Illinois
  • City Council elections in Chicago
  • List of Chicago Alderpersons since 1923

Notes

References

  • Chicago City Council
  • Chicago City Council legislation from the City Clerk of Chicago
  • Chicago City Council calendar from the City Clerk of Chicago
  • Journal of the Proceedings (c. 1981–present) from the City Clerk of Chicago
  • Journal of the Proceedings (c. 1908) from Google Books
  • Chicago City Council meeting reports from the City Clerk of Chicago
  • Map of Chicago Wards
  • Your City Council: Who's who and what they can do from the Chicago Reader
  • by Anthony DeBartolo, Hyde Park Media
  • Chicago City Council archive at the Chicago Reader