Chaman () is the capital city of the Chaman District in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The city is situated south of the Wesh–Chaman border crossing with the neighbouring Kandahar province of Afghanistan.
Etymology
The name Chaman is thought to be derived from garden in Urdu. There is little verifiable evidence to a singular and apparently unfounded claim that the name partly derived from that of a Hindu trader in the city before the partition, as the area was known as Chaman much before this period.
History
Chaman has been used by NATO forces as a major supply route into Afghanistan since 2000.
Thousands of Afghan refugees enter Pakistan via the Chaman route on a regular basis.
Bombings occurred in 2017, 2020 Chaman bombing, and 2021.
In December 2022, the Afghan Taliban forces launched indiscriminate fire at the Chaman border, twice in a week and caused civilian casualties on the Pakistani side.
In October 2023, the border crossing process was made more stringent, requiring a passport and visa, whereas previously only requiring a national identification card, to cross from Pakistan to Afghanistan. This has resulted in protests in the city.
Climate
With an influence from the local steppe climate, Chaman features a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The average annual temperature in Chaman is 19.0 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 232 mm. June is the driest month with virtually no rain rainfall, while January is the wettest month, with an average 65 mm of precipitation.
July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 31.0 °C. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 6.4 °C.
Demographics
Population
According to 2023 census, Chaman had a population of 130,139. After the capital Quetta, Chaman is Balochistan's fifth-largest city according to the 2017 Pakistani census. The city is located in northern Balochistan.
Languages
Religion
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Chaman City (1941 & 2017)