Catamarca () is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 429,556 as per the , and covers an area of 102,602&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from the north): Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and La Rioja. To the west it borders the country of Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities include Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.

Geography

Eighty percent of Catamarca's territory of 102,602 square kilometers (2.7% of the country total), is covered by mountains, which can be grouped into four clearly differentiated systems: the Pampean sierras, in the east and center; the Narváez-Cerro Negro-Famatina system, in the west; the cordilleran-Catamarca area of transition, in the western extreme; the Puna, an elevated portion, in the northwest.

The scarce water resources in Catamarca's arid and semi-arid climate zone determine the human settlement pattern. Agricultural activities are concentrated in pockets and valleys between the mountains. In the east the population is concentrated around a number of water courses, from which water is distributed by canals and irrigation ditches.

Climate

thumb|Köppen–Geiger climate classification map for Catamarca

The province is located in the semi–arid region of Argentina. Mean annual precipitation of the province is around which decreases significantly to the west. The province is characterized by the presence of different microclimates based on variations in altitude. Within these valleys which includes the provincial capital, the climate is characterized by its extreme aridity, large thermal amplitudes (different between day and night temperatures) and strong northeastern winds.

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|value1 = 94.9

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|label2 = Native

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|label3 = Black

|value3 = 0.5

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According to the 2022 Argentine national census, the Province of Catamarca has 429,556 inhabitants. Annual growth rate is 2.35‰, while density amounts to 2.6 inhabitants per square kilometer. Urban population represents 70%. (1991).

Economy

Catamarca's economy is Argentina's smallest, though still developed. Its 2006 economy was estimated at US$1.728 billion, or, US$5,284 per capita, 40% below the national average.

Less diversified than most in Argentina, agriculture has never played an important role in the Catamarca economy (contributing less than 5% to its output). The province's livestock includes around 200,000 head of cattle, 100,000 sheep, and 150,000 goats, with an annual production of 7,000 tonnes of beef, 5 tonnes of mutton/lamb, and 10 tonnes of pork, although outbreaks of foot and mouth disease has kept at times the production from reaching full potential. Large numbers of cattle, fattened in the alfalfa fields of Pucara, Tinogasta and Copacabana, were historically driven into northern Chile across the San Francisco pass and mules were bred for the Bolivian market in the 1910s.

Mining was important in the past. After becoming less active in the early 1990s, grew to now account for over 20% of the economy. Catamarca is home to one of the largest copper gold mines in the world, Bajo de la Alumbrera, which produces approximately 600,000 ounces of gold and 190,000 tonnes of copper annually. The mine employs over 1,000 people and contributes hundreds of millions of dollars in taxes and royalties to the federal and provincial governments.

The agriculture of Catamarca focuses on wood (walnut), vineyards, olive, citrus, cotton and tobacco, for which the government gives tax cuts to facilitate economic growth , but so far with poor results and no oversight.

thumb|240px|Fruit orchards near [[Londres, Catamarca|Londres.]]

thumb|240px|Campo de piedra pómez.

Tourism is a lesser contributor to the economy in Catamarca, with more than 3,465 beds in hotels and other types of accommodation. Although high hopes are focused in this industry, lack of infrastructure, service-oriented and trained businesses and an overall endemic corruption culture, tourism has yet to become a strong element the local economy. Mountains and geological formation are the main attraction, with sights such as Antofagasta de la Sierra, Balcones del Valle, the Snow-Covered Summits of Aconquija, and the San Francisco Pass. The road over the San Francisco Pass, an endeavor developed during the Castillo Administrations (1991–2003) at a high cost in public funds has failed to bring trade and tourism to the underdeveloped Tinogasta county.

Cultural attractions include the city of Catamarca, the archaeological park Las Huellas del Inca, prehistoric petroglyphs, local music, handcrafts and wines.

Transport

Major highways include Ruta 33 from Catamarca 98&nbsp;km south to San Martin, 38 from Catamarca north via San Pedro 228&nbsp;km to Tucuman, 60 north-west from Córdoba Province 577&nbsp;km from La Guardia north-west (partly through La Rioja) to Chile by the Paso de San Francisco (4722 m), 64 west from Santiago del Estero to join 38 and 157 north from La Guardia 103&nbsp;km to Frias where it connects with 89 west from Villa San Martin (Santiago del Estero), and north to Tucuman province at San Pedro, connecting with 64 near Las Cañas.

There is an airport at Catamarca, the Coronel Felipe Varela International Airport.

Government and politics

The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court and completed by several inferior tribunals.

The Constitution of Catamarca Province forms the formal law of the province.

In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Catamarca Provincial Police.

Since its foundation in 1991 by the Catamarcan branch of the Radical Civic Union and minor local parties the Civic and Social Front of Catamarca has dominated state politics. It has held the governor's house in Catamarca, first with Arnoldo Castillo (1991–1999), then with his son Oscar Castillo (1999–2003), and now with the present governor, Eduardo Brizuela del Moral.

Political division

thumb|240px|Mount El Manchao.thumb|240px|San Francisco Pass, near the border with Chile.

The province is divided into sixteen departments ().

Department (Capital)

  1. Ambato Department (La Puerta)
  2. Ancasti Department (Ancasti)
  3. Andalgalá Department (Andalgalá)
  4. Antofagasta de la Sierra Department (Antofagasta de la Sierra)
  5. Belén Department (Belén)
  6. Capayán Department (Huillapima)
  7. Capital Department (San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca)
  8. El Alto Department (El Alto)
  9. Fray Mamerto Esquiú Department (San José)
  10. La Paz Department (Recreo)
  11. Paclín Department (La Merced)
  12. Pomán Department (Saujil)
  13. Santa María Department (Santa María)
  14. Santa Rosa Department (Bañado de Ovanta)
  15. Tinogasta Department (Tinogasta)
  16. Valle Viejo Department (San Isidro)

Notable people

  • Calu Rivero, first actress from Catamarca to appear in national television
  • Emilio Caraffa - Post-impressionist painter
  • Daniel Díaz - Footballer
  • Mamerto Esquiú - Friar
  • Vicente Saadi - Justicialist Party politician

References

  • Visit Catamarca.com Tourist information (Spanish)
  • Official site (Spanish)
  • History (Spanish)
  • Important Historical Dates (Spanish)
  • CatamarcaWeb Portal (Spanish)