Castanea may refer to:
- Castanea (plant), a plant genus including the chestnuts and chinkapins
- Castanea (Thessaly), an ancient city of Thessaly, Greece
- Castanea, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place (CDP)
- Castanea Township, Pennsylvania, which surrounds the CDP of the same name
- Castanea (journal), the professional journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Club
- Castanea delle Furie, a city near Messina, Italy