Canadian Pacific Hotels (CPH) was a division of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) that primarily operated hotels across Canada, since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to early railway profitability. CPR restructured the division as a subsidiary in 1963. In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner. In 1998, all CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta.
In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital purchased Fairmont, consolidating their hotel brands to form Fairmont Raffles Hotels International (FRHI), which in turn became a subsidiary of AccorHotels in 2016. In 2007, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels, which was purchased by Marriott International in 2015.
Early hotels
thumb|right|270px|Place Viger Hotel & station, Montreal, c. 1900
Since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to railway profitability, facilities such as hotels were essential for attracting passenger traffic. The three earliest locations (Mount Stephen House, Glacier House, and North Bend) were initially only dining stops, necessary because steep railway grades made hauling a dining car uneconomical. Thomas Sorby's design for these three hotels was inspired by Swiss chalets.
thumb|left|270px|Former CP hotel, [[Balfour, British Columbia|Balfour, BC, 1918]]
Hotels were established mainly at locations that connected with other passenger rail or ferry routes, but some rural locations, especially in the Canadian Rockies and Selkirk Mountains, became tourist destinations in their own right. After the success of the original Banff Springs Hotel, described as a "Tudor chalet in wood", CPR lobbied the government to create Banff National Park, the first in Canada. National parks protected CPH's commercial interests in such localities. The opportunity to participate in mountaineering excursions, led by professional Swiss guides, featured in CPH's promotion of the respective accommodation. Scenic images, often including a hotel, illustrated the CPH publicity brochures.
Urban and township land sales financed the construction of the early hotels. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, CPH commonly adopted a châteauesque architectural style for building or enlarging significant hotels. The earliest example was Château Frontenac. Notable features included steeply pitched copper roofs, blue-green from oxidation, ornate gables, dormer windows, and irregularly placed towers and turrets.
The visual appeal of this design prompted other railway companies to imitate it. CPR, and its later competitors, Canadian Northern Railway and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, which became part of Canadian National Railway (CN), built grandiose railway hotels in every major Canadian city. However, CPR quickly reverted to a simpler style with a flat roof and limited ornamental features when designing most city hotels.
With growing automobile traffic and tourists seeking cheaper accommodation, CPH retained only the more profitable urban and destination hotels. The resort hotels opened only in summer. Year-round opening began in 1969 for Banff Springs Hotel, and in 1974 for Chateau Lake Louise.
CPR restructured the division as a subsidiary in 1963.
Bungalow camps & tea houses
thumb|right|260px|French River Bungalow Camp, ON, c.1945
Each bungalow camp, comprising a group of cabins with a communal lodge, was in a relatively remote forest area, reached by hiking or horseback. Although initially catering to an elite, mainly American, tourist, they ultimately attracted a broader audience. The log cabin at Lake Louise (1891–1893) was perhaps a forerunner to this concept. The subsequent adoption of the log design not only created a pioneer appearance, but also provided the necessary insulation for a cold mountainous region. CN copied the concept at Jasper Park Lodge. Despite the rustic cabin exteriors, the interiors contained the modern comforts of the period. Presented as more adventurous than a hotel stay, it was scarcely roughing it. Although primarily in the west, Ontario also had three camps.
The CPH rest structures and teahouses, at scenic locations along nearby trails, similarly adopted a rustic design. Teahouses existed at Summit Lake, Twin Falls, Natural Bridge, Lake Agnes and the Plain of Six Glaciers, the latter two still operating. Most rest houses were one-storey cabins at lower elevations.
CPH initially encouraged automobile travel by building camps along the Banff-Windermere Highway, which opened in 1923. In the 1930s, the term "bungalow" disappeared from the Canadian lexicon. When automobile vacationers switched to inexpensive campgrounds at this time, CPH disposed of the least profitable bungalow camps, followed by the remainder in the 1950s.
Later hotels
After a 24-year break in building or acquiring properties, CPH constructed a series of hotels and motels during 1955–1999. The larger ones mostly adopted the "Chateau" prefix. Several international properties were operated, before exiting that market.
Chains acquired
thumb|right|250px|Jasper Park Lodge on Lac Beauvert, Jasper AB, 2005
In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner. In 1998, CPR purchased the Canadian Delta Hotels chain and the international Princess Hotels chain. The following year, San Francisco-based Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain was acquired. Minority shareholders were Kingdom Hotels (USA) Ltd. and Maritz Wolff & Co, each holding a 16.5 per cent interest. All CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta. In 2001, CPH was renamed Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. Later that year, Canadian Pacific Limited spun off all of its subsidiaries into separately traded companies, which included Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.
In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital, which also owned the Raffles and Swissôtel chains, bought Fairmont. The following year, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels. In 2015, AccorHotels acquired a controlling interest in FRHI, adding the Fairmont, Raffles, and Swissôtel chains to its Luxury Hotel Brands portfolio. That year Marriott International bought the Delta chain.
Canadian portfolio
Once under CP brand
Bungalow camps
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|-
!class="unsortable"| Name !! Opened<wbr /> !! colspan="2" | Locality !! Disposals/Redevelopment
|-
| Emerald Lake Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1901 || Emerald Lake || || 1959 beginning of several lessee changes; 1979 Pat & Connie<br /> O'Connor acquired. Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.
|-
| Moraine Lake Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1913 || Moraine Lake || || 1930s sold.
|-
| Lake O'Hara Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1920 || Lake O'Hara || ||1954 Brewster-Ford Mountain Lodges; lodge still operates;<br />Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.
|-
| Lake Windermere Bnglw. || style="text-align:center" | 1920 || Lk. Windermere || || 1929 sublease for girls' camp. Subdivided and sold for residential properties in 1965. Lodge building relocated in 2010 and is now an events space.
|-
| Yoho Valley Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1922 || Yoho Nat. Park || || 1954 subleased; The Whiskey Jack Hostel is the only surviving building.
|-
| Radium (Sinclair) Hot<br />Springs Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1923 || Radium || || 1948 subleased to Addison; 2001 Addison's Bungalow Camp relocated.
|-
| Vermilion River Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1923 || Vermilion River || || 1929 closed; 1932 subleased to Victor H. Lord, who revived it;<br />now known as Kootenay Park Lodge; several subsequent sublessees.
|-
| Devil's Gap Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1923 || Kenora || || 1961 sold to Austin H. Ford; 2008 abandoned;<br />2019 partially destroyed by fire.
|-
| Nipigon River Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1923 || Nipigon || || 1935 sold to Don Gapen, who ran as Chalet Lodge for several decades;<br />2018 Red Rock First Nation, refurbished and reopened.
|-
| French River Bungalow || style="text-align:center" | 1923 || French River || || 1945 sold to Clarence Honey; 1965 beginning of several ownership changes;<br />1988–92 major renovations followed by 3 owners; now French River Lodge.
|}
Hotels
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sticky-header"
|-
!class="unsortable"| Name !! Opened !! colspan="2" | Locality !! colspan="3" | From chain/owner !! CP Hotels !! 1999 rename
|-
| Mount Stephen House || 1886<br /> || Field || || || N/A || || Mount Stephen<br />House || ||1918 YMCA hostel;<br />1954 largely demolished;<br />1963 remainder demolished.
|-
| Glacier House || 1887<br /> || Glacier || || || N/A || || Glacier House || ||1925 closed; 1929 demolished.
|-
| Fraser Canyon House<br /> || 1887<br /> || North Bend || || || N/A || || N. Bend Hotel || ||1927 fire destroyed; 1929 rebuilt;<br />1941 closed; 1978 demolish. || Vancouver || || || N/A || || Hotel Vancouver || || 1915 demolished after main section<br /> of new hotel completed.
|-
| Banff Springs Hotel || 1888<br /><br /> || Banff || || || N/A || || Banff Springs<br />Hotel || || 1926 fire destroyed wooden 1888<br /> building, leaving only 1914<br />concrete wing.
|-
| The Algonquin Resort || 1889<br /><br /><br /> || St. Andrews || || 1905 || St. Andrews<br />Land Co. || || The<br />Algonquin<br />Resort || || 1914 fire destroyed 1889 building;<br />2012 sold; 2013 Marriott<br />Autograph Collection.
|-
| Cornwallis Hotel || 1892<br /> || Kentville || || 1911 || || || Cornwallis Inn || || 1963 Franklin brothers; 1976 closed;<br />Don Wallace appt/off. conversion.
|-
| Château Frontenac || 1893<br /> || Quebec City || || || N/A || || Château<br />Frontenac || ||
|-
| Chateau Lake Louise || 1894<br /><br /><br /> || Banff || || || N/A || || Chateau<br />Lake Louise || || 1924 fire destroyed wooden<br />building, leaving only 1912<br /> concrete wing.
|-
| Hotel Revelstoke || 1897
|-
| Place Viger Hotel/Stn. || 1898 || Montreal || || || N/A || || Place Viger<br />Hotel/Stn. || || 1935 closed & disused;<br />2020 under redevelopment.
|-
| Manoir Richelieu || 1899<br /> || La Malbaie || || 1998 || Ray<br />Malenfant || || Manoir<br />Richelieu || || 1928 fire destroyed 1899 building.
|-
| Hotel Sicamous || 1900<br />1964 demolished. || The Inn || || 1919 land swap with town;
|-
| Station Hotel now museum.
|-
| The Pines, Digby || 1903<br /> || Digby || || 1917 || Harry B.<br />Churchill || || The Pines,<br />Digby || || 1928 closed 1903 building;<br />1965 Nova Scotia government property;<br />2001 NS Signature property.
|-
| Royal Alexandra Hotel || 1906
|-
| The Empress (hotel) || 1908<br /> || Victoria || || || N/A || || The<br />Empress || ||
|-
| Kootenay Lake Hotel || 1911 ||
|-
| Cameron Lake<br />Chalet/Station || 1912 || Cameron<br />Lake || || || N/A || || Cameron Lake<br />Chalet || || 1966 closed;<br />1970 demolished.
|-
| Incola Hotel<br /> Hotel Incola || 1912<br />1950 sold to Hencott Houses;<br />1959 sold to Jack C. Young;<br />1966–1975 multiple owners;<br />1979 closed; 1981 demolished. ||
|-
| Hotel Macdonald || 1915<br /> || Edmonton || || 1988 || || || Hotel<br />Macdonald || || 1983 demolition of 1953 extension.
|-
| Hotel Vancouver || 1916 || Vancouver || || || N/A || || Hotel Vancouver || || 1939 repurposed as World War II<br /> barracks; 1946 veteran housing;<br /> 1948 vacated; 1949 demolished.
|-
| Jasper Park Lodge<br /> || 1922<br /><br /> || Jasper || || 1988 || || || Jasper Park<br />Lodge || || 1952 fire destroyed 1923 lodge.
|-
| Newfoundland Hotel || 1926<br /> || St. John's || || 1988 || || || Hotel<br />Newfoundland || || 2009 Sheraton Newfoundland.
|-
| Hotel Saskatchewan || 1927 || Regina || || || N/A || || Hotel<br />Saskatchewan || || 1980 onwards various operators;<br />1993 Radisson property;<br />2015 Marriott<br />Autograph Collection.
|-
| Lord Nelson Hotel || 1928<br /> || Halifax || || || N/A || || Lord Nelson<br />Hotel || || 1947 sold to local interests.
|-
| Royal York Hotel || 1929<br /> || Toronto || || || N/A || || Royal York<br />Hotel || ||
|-
| Château Montebello || 1930 || Montebello || || || N/A || || Château<br />Montebello || || 1930 leased by Seigniory Club;<br />1970 CP resumed operation.
|-
| Lakeside Inn || 1931 || Yarmouth || || || N/A || || Lakeside Inn || || 1960 sold to be nursing home.
|-
| Hotel Vancouver (3rd) || 1939 || Vancouver || || 1988 || || || Hotel<br />Vancouver || ||
|-
| Timberline Hotel || 1955 || Banff || || 1963 || Timberline<br />Hotel Ltd. || || Timberline Hotel || || 1966 terminated lease;<br />2005 renamed the Juniper Hotel<br />by Decore Hotels.
|-
| The Queen Elizabeth<br />Hotel || 1958 || Montreal || || 1988 || || || Queen<br />Elizabeth<br />Hotel || ||
|-
| Chateau Lacombe Hotel || 1966 ||Edmonton || || || N/A || || Chateau<br />Lacombe Hotel || || 1991 Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza;<br />1995 Crowne Plaza Chateau<br />Lacombe; 2013 independent.
|-
| Château Champlain || 1967 || Montreal || || || N/A || || Château<br />Champlain || || 1995 Montreal Marriott<br />Château Champlain.
|-
| Winnipeg Inn <br />Westin Hotel Winnipeg || 1970 || Winnipeg || || 1998 || Westin<br />Hotels || || The Lombard || ||
|-
| Le Baron Hotel || 1970 || Trois-Rivières || || || N/A || || Le Baron || || Choice Hotel Urbania;<br />2012 rename Rodeway Inn.
|-
| Northstar Inn || 1971 || Winnipeg || || || N/A || || Northstar Inn || || 1983 Delta; 1998 Radisson.
|-
| Red Oak Inn || 1972 || Brandon || || || N/A || || Red Oak Inn || || 1982 Royal Oak Inn;<br />1990 Genesis acquired;<br />2017 Choice Clarion<br />Hotel & Suites.
|-
| Hotel Beauséjour || 1972 || Moncton || || 1988 || || || Hotel<br />Beauséjour || ||
|-
| Chateau Halifax || 1973 || Halifax || || || N/A || || Chateau Halifax || || 2019 SilverBirch Hotel Halifax
|-
| Red Oak Inn || 1974 || Thunder Bay || || || N/A || || Red Oak Inn || || 1993 Victoria Inn Hotel<br />& Convention Centre
|-
| Red Oak Inn || 1974 || Peterborough || || || N/A || || Red Oak Inn || || 1998 Princess Gardens<br />seniors residence.
|-
| Le Château<br />de l'Aéroport || 1977 || Mirabel || || || N/A || || Le Château<br />de l'Aéroport || || 2002 hotel abandoned; <br />2004 airport abandoned.
|-
| Chateau Calgary<br />Airport || 1979
|| Calgary || || || N/A || || Chateau<br />Calgary Apt. || . ||
|-
| Prince Edward Hotel || 1982 || Charlottetown || || || N/A || || Prince Edward<br />Hotel || . ||
|-
| Sheraton Toronto East || 1982 || Scarborough || || 1998 || Sheraton || || ||
|-
| Hotel/Lodge Kananaskis || 1987 || Kananaskis<br />Village || || || N/A || || Hotel/Lodge<br />Kananaskis || || 2015 Marriott Pomeroy<br />Kananaskis Mtn. Lodge.
|-
| Chateau Whistler || 1989 || Whistler || || || N/A || || Chateau<br />Whistler || ||
|-
| Skydome Hotel || 1989 || Downtown<br />Toronto || || || N/A || || Skydome Hotel || || 1999 Renaissance Toronto Dtn;<br />2017 rename Toronto <br />Marriott City Centre Hotel.
|-
| Waterfront Centre || 1991 || Vancouver || || || N/A || || Waterfront<br />Centre || ||
|-
| Chateau Mt. Tremblant || 1996 || Mt-Tremblant || || || N/A || || Chateau Mt.<br />Tremblant || ||
|-
| Vancouver Airport Place || 1999 || Richmond || || || N/A || || Vancouver<br />Airport Place || ||
|}
Once under Delta brand
(See Delta Hotels)
US/international portfolio
Once under CP brand
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
|
Bahamas
- Balmoral Beach Hotel, Nassau, Bahamas – now Sandals Royal Bahamian Resort
- Lucayan Harbour Inn and Marina, Freeport, Bahamas, demolished to build Grand Bahama Yacht Club
Curaçao
- Curaçao Plaza, Willemstad – now Plaza Hotel Curaçao
Germany
- Bremen Plaza, Bremen, Germany, leased/operated 1985–1989 – now Swissôtel Bremen.
- Frankfurt Plaza, Frankfurt, Germany, leased/operated 1976–1989 – now Frankfurt Marriott.
- Hamburg Plaza, Hamburg, Germany, leased/operated 1973–1988 – now Radisson Blu Hotel Hamburg.
Israel
- Jerusalem Plaza, Jerusalem, operated 1970s–1980s – now Leonardo Plaza Hotel Jerusalem.
- Tiberias Plaza, Tiberias, operated 1970s–1980s – now Leonardo Plaza Hotel Tiberias.
Mexico
- Continental Hilton, Mexico City, D.F. – rebranded as Château Royal under CP Hotels ownership (1973–1980). Demolished after the 1985 earthquake.
- El Mirador Plaza, Acapulco, Guerrero – now Mirador Acapulco Hotel.
- Club Akumal Caribe, Caribe, Quintana Roo – now Hotel Akumal Caribe
United States
- Franklin Plaza, Philadelphia, operated 1979–1984 – now Sheraton Philadelphia Downtown.
|}
Acquired Fairmont properties
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
!class="unsortable"| Name !! Opened !! Locality !! !! Disposals/Redevelopment !!
|-
| The Fairmont New Orleans || style="text-align:center" | 1893 || Downtown New Orleans, Louisiana || || 2005 closed; 2007 sold; 2009 reopened by<br /> Waldorf Astoria as The Roosevelt New Orleans ||
|-
| Fairmont San Francisco || style="text-align:center" | 1907 || San Francisco, Northern California || || ||
|-
| The Plaza || style="text-align:center" | 1907 || Midtown Manhattan, New York City || || ||
|-
| Fairmont Copley Plaza || style="text-align:center" | 1912 || Downtown Boston, Massachusetts || || ||
|-
| The Fairmont Dallas || style="text-align:center" | 1969 || Downtown Dallas, Texas || || ||
|-
| Fairmont Chicago || style="text-align:center" | 1987 || Chicago, Illinois || || ||
|-
| The Fairmont San Jose || style="text-align:center" | 1987 || Downtown San Jose, Southern California || || closed 2021, reopened as Signia by Hilton San Jose in 2022 ||
|}
Acquired Princess properties
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
!class="unsortable"| Name !! Opened<br /> !! Locality !! 1999 rename !! !! Disposals/Redevelopment !!
|-
| The Hamilton Princess || style="text-align:center" | 1884 || Pembroke, Bermuda || || || ||
|-
| Pierre Marques || style="text-align:center" | 1958 || Acapulco, Mexico || || || 2015 independent: The Pierre Mundo Imperial ||
|-
| Acapulco Princess || style="text-align:center" | 1971 || Acapulco, Mexico || || || 2015 independent: The Princess Mundo Imperial ||
|-
| The Southampton Princess || style="text-align:center" | 1972 || Southampton Parish, Bermuda || || || ||
|-
| Princess Glitter Bay || style="text-align:center" | 1981 || Saint James, Barbados || || || 2004 sold;<br />2006 converted to Royal Glitter Bay Villas. ||
|-
| Royal Pavilion || style="text-align:center" | 1987 || Saint James, Barbados || || || ||
|-
| Scottsdale Princess || style="text-align:center" | 1987 || Scottsdale, Arizona || || || ||
|}