CPU socket - WikiHQ

thumb|[[Socket AM5, a land grid array socket]]

thumb|[[Socket AM2+, a pin grid array socket]]

In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering.

Common sockets have retention clips that apply a constant force, which must be overcome when a device is inserted. For chips with many pins, zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets are preferred. Common sockets include pin grid array (PGA) or land grid array (LGA). These designs apply a compression force once either a handle (PGA type) or a surface plate (LGA type) is put into place. This provides superior mechanical retention while avoiding the risk of bending pins when inserting the chip into the socket.

CPU sockets are used on the motherboard in desktop and server computers. Because they allow easy swapping of components, they are also used for prototyping new circuits. Laptops typically use surface-mount CPUs, which take up less space on the motherboard than a socketed part.

As the pin density increases in modern sockets, increasing demands are placed on the printed circuit board fabrication technique, which permits the large number of signals to be successfully routed to nearby components. Likewise, within the chip carrier, the wire bonding technology also becomes more demanding with increasing pin counts and pin densities. Each socket technology will have specific reflow soldering requirements. As CPU and memory frequencies increase, above 30 MHz or thereabouts, electrical signalling increasingly shifts to differential signaling over parallel buses, bringing a new set of signal integrity challenges. The evolution of the CPU socket amounts to a coevolution of all these technologies in tandem.

Modern CPU sockets are almost always designed in conjunction with a heat sink mounting system, or, in lower power devices, other thermal considerations.

Function

A CPU socket is made of plastic, and often comes with a lever or latch, and with metal contacts for each of the pins or lands on the CPU. Many packages are keyed to ensure the proper insertion of the CPU. CPUs with a PGA (pin grid array) package are inserted into the socket and, if included, the latch is closed. CPUs with an LGA (land grid array) package are inserted into the socket, the latch plate is flipped into position atop the CPU, and the lever is lowered and locked into place, pressing the CPU's contacts firmly against the socket's lands and ensuring a good connection, as well as increased mechanical stability.

List

80x86

Table legend:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;"

! style="width:8em" | Socket name

! style="width:2em" | Year of introduction

! style="width:14em" |CPU families supported

! Computer type

! Package

! data-sort-type="number" | Pin count

! Pin pitch (mm)

! Bus clock & transfers

! style="width:18em" | Notes

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| DIP

| 1970s

| Intel 8086 Intel 8088

| DIP

| 40

| 2.54

| 5/10 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| PLCC

| 1982

| Intel 80186 Intel 80286 Intel 80386

| PLCC

| 68 to 132

| 1.27

| 6–40 MHz

| 1982 for this use

! style="text-align:left;| PGA68

|1982

|Intel 80286

|PGA

|68

! style="text-align:left;| PGA132

|1985

|Intel 80386

|PGA

|132

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;" | PGA168

| 1989

| Intel 80486 AMD 486 Cyrix 486

| PGA

| 168

| 2.54

| 16–50 MHz

| Sometimes referred to as Socket 0 or Socket 486

|- style="vertical-align:top;

! style="text-align:left;| Socket 1

| 1989

| Intel 80486 AMD 486 AMD 5x86 Cyrix 486 Cyrix 5x86

| PGA

| 169

| 2.54

| 16–50 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; "

! style="text-align:left;| Socket 2

| 1990s

| Intel 80486 Intel Pentium OverDrive (P24T) Intel DX4 AMD 486 AMD 5x86 Cyrix 486 Cyrix 5x86

| PGA

| 238

| 2.54

| 16–50 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 3

| 1991

| Intel 80486 Intel Pentium OverDrive (P24T) Intel DX4 AMD 486 AMD 5x86 Cyrix 486 Cyrix 5x86 IBM Blue Lightning

| PGA

| 237

| 2.54

|  16–50 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 4

| 1993

| Intel Pentium

| PGA

| 273

| ?

| 60–100 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 5

| 1994

| Intel Pentium AMD K5 Cyrix 6x86 IDT WinChip C6 IDT WinChip 2

| PGA

| 320

| ?

| 50–100 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 6

| ?

| Intel 80486

| PGA

| 235

| ?

| Designed but not used

|- valign="top"

! style="text-align:left;" | Socket 463/ Socket NexGen

| 1994

| NexGen Nx586

| PGA

| 463

| ?

| 37.5–66 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 7

| 1995

| Intel Pentium Intel Pentium MMX AMD K6

| PGA

| 321

| ?

| 50–66 MHz

| It is possible to use Socket 7 processors in a Socket 5. An adapter is required, or if one is careful, a socket 7 can be pulled off its pins and put onto a socket 5 board, allowing the use of socket 7 processors.

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 8

| 1995

| Intel Pentium Pro

| PGA

| 387

| ?

| 60–66 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Slot 1

| 1997

| Intel Pentium II Intel Pentium III

| Desktop

| Slot

| 242

| ?

| 66–133 MHz

| Celeron (Covington, Mendocino) Pentium II (Klamath, Deschutes) Pentium III (Katmai)- all versions Pentium III (coppermine)

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;| Super Socket 7

| 1998

| AMD K6-2 AMD K6-III Rise mP6 Cyrix MII

| PGA

| 321

| ?

| 66–100 MHz

| Backward compatible with Socket 5 and Socket 7 processors.

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Slot 2

| 1998

| Intel Pentium II Xeon Intel Pentium III Xeon

| Server

| Slot

| 330

| ?

| 100–133 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;" | Socket 615

| 1999

| Intel Mobile Pentium II Intel Mobile Celeron

| Notebook

| PGA

| 615

| ?

| 66 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Slot A

| 1999

| AMD Athlon

| Desktop

| Slot

| 242

| ?

| 100 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 370

| 1999

| Intel Pentium III Intel Celeron VIA Cyrix III VIA C3

| Desktop

| PGA

| 370

| 1.27

| 66–133 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket A/ Socket 462

| 2000

| AMD Athlon AMD Duron AMD Athlon XP AMD Athlon XP-M AMD Athlon MP AMD Sempron

| Desktop

| PGA

| 462

| ?

| 100–200 MHz 400 MT/s

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 423

| 2000

| Intel Pentium 4

| Desktop

| PGA

| 423

| 1

| 100 MHz 400 MT/s

| Willamette core only. Can accept some of Socket 478 CPU with an adapter

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 495

| 2000

| Intel Celeron Intel Pentium III

| Notebook

| PGA

| 495

| 1.27

| 66–133 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 603

| 2001

| Intel Xeon

| Server

| PGA

| 603

| 1.27

| 100–133 MHz 400–533 MT/s

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 478/ Socket N

| 2001

| Intel Pentium 4 Intel Celeron Intel Pentium 4 EE Intel Pentium 4 M

| Desktop

| PGA

| 478

| 1.27

| 100–200 MHz 400–800 MT/s

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 563

| 2002

| AMD Athlon XP-M

| Notebook

| PGA

| 563

| ?

| 333 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 604

| 2002

| Intel Xeon

| Server

| PGA

| 604

| 1.27

| 200–800 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 940

| 2003

| AMD Opteron AMD Athlon 64 FX

| Desktop Server

| PGA

| 940

| 1.27

| 200–1000 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 479

| 2003

| Intel Pentium M Intel Celeron M

| Notebook

| PGA

| 479

| ?

| 100–133 MHz 400–533 MT/s

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 939

| 2004

| AMD Athlon 64 AMD Athlon 64 FX AMD Athlon 64 X2 AMD Opteron

| Desktop

| PGA

| 939

| 1.27

| 1600 MHz

| Can accept LGA 771 CPU with slight modification and use of an adapter

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket M

| 2006

| Intel Core Solo Intel Core Duo Intel Dual-Core Xeon Intel Core 2 Duo

| Notebook

| PGA

| 478

| ?

| 133–166 MHz 533–667 MT/s

| Replaces Socket 479

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 771/ Socket J

| 2006

| Intel Xeon

| Server

| LGA

| 771

| 1.09 x 1.17

| 1600 MHz

| See LGA 775/Socket T above

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket S1

| 2006

| AMD Turion 64 X2

| Notebook

| PGA

| 638

| 1.27

| 200–800 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM2

| 2006

| AMD Athlon 64 AMD Athlon 64 X2

| Desktop

| PGA

| 940

| 1.27

| 200–1000 MHz

| Replaces Socket 754 and Socket 939

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket F/ Socket L (Socket 1207FX)

| 2006

| AMD Athlon 64 FX AMD Opteron (Socket L only support Athlon 64 FX)

| Desktop Server

| LGA

| 1207

| 1.1

| Socket L: 1000 MHz in Single CPU mode, 2000 MHz in Dual CPU mode

| Replaces Socket 940 Socket L was intended for enthusiasts who wanted server power in a desktop PC. It is just a re-branded Socket F that doesn't need special RAM, and may have only been used in the Asus L1N64-SLI WS Motherboard.

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"

! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM2+

| 2007

| AMD Athlon 64 AMD Athlon X2 AMD Phenom AMD Phenom II

| Desktop

| PGA

| 940

| 1.27

| 0.99

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| PAC418

| 2001

| Intel Itanium

| Server

| PGA

| 418

| ?

| 133 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| PAC611

| 2002

| Intel Itanium 2 HP PA-8800, PA-8900

| Server

| PGA

| 611

| ?

| 200 MHz

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

! style="text-align:left;"| LGA 1248

| 2010

| Intel Itanium 9300-series and up

| Server

| LGA

| 1248

| ?

| 4.8-6.4 GT/s

! style="width:8em" | Socket name

! style="width:4em" | Year of introduction

! style="width:12em" | CPU families supported

! Computer type

! Package

! Pin count

! Pin pitch (mm)

! Bus clock & transfers

! style="width:18em" | Notes

Slotkets

Slotkets are special adapters for using socket processors in bus-compatible slot motherboards.

References

External links

Socket ID Guide up to 2005
CPU Sockets Chart - A fairly detailed table listing x86 Sockets and associated attributes.
techPowerUp! CPU Database
Processor sockets

Function

List

80x86

Slotkets

See also

References

External links