The black scoter or American scoter (Melanitta americana) is a large sea duck, in length. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek "black" and "duck". The species name is from the Latin for "American".

Together with the common scoter M. nigra, it forms the subgenus Oidemia; the two are sometimes considered conspecific, the black scoter then being referred to as M. nigra americana. Its French name, used in parts of its Canadian range, is (also meaning "black scoter"). The incubation period may range from 27 to 31 days. Females brood their young extensively for about 3 weeks, after which the still flightless young must fend for themselves.

The male performs a diagnostic downward head movement when stretching his wings.

  • Black Scoter Species Account and Photo Gallery – Sea Duck Joint Venture
  • Black Scoter Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology