Black Canadians () are citizens of Canada who have ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. The Canadian-born (41.0%) were the largest Black population group in Canada in 2021, followed by the African-born (32.6%) and the Caribbean-born (21.0%). A large share of Black Caribbean immigrants (42.5%) migrated to Canada from 1960 to 1990, while over half (54.8%) of Black immigrants from Africa came to Canada from 2011 to 2021.
Black Canadians have contributed to many areas of Canadian culture. Many of the first visible minorities to hold high public offices have been black, including Michaëlle Jean, Donald Oliver, Stanley G. Grizzle, Rosemary Brown, and Lincoln Alexander. Black Canadians form the third-largest visible minority group in Canada, after South Asian and Chinese Canadians. Of the black population, 10 per cent identified as mixed-race of "white and black". The five most Black-populated provinces in 2021 were Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba. Preston, in the Halifax area, is the community with the highest percentage of black people, with 69.4%; it was a settlement where the Crown provided land to black Loyalists after the American Revolution. Brooks, a town in southeastern Alberta, is the census subdivision with the highest percentage of black people, with 22.3%. The community there is mainly composed of East African immigrants.
In the 2011 census, 945,665 black Canadians were counted, making up 2.9% of Canada's population. In the 2016 census, the black population totalled 1,198,540, encompassing 3.5% of the country's population.
The 10 largest sources of migration for black Canadians are Jamaica (136,505), Haiti (110,920), Nigeria (109,240), Ethiopia (43,205), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (37,875), Cameroon (33,200), Somalia (32,285), Eritrea (31,500), Ghana (28,420), and the United States (27,055).
68.8% of black Canadians are Christian, while 11.9% are Muslim and 18.0% are irreligious. This is compared to 53.3%, 4.9%, and 34.6%, respectively, of Canadians as a whole. Among first-generation black Canadian immigrants, 74.2% are Christian, 13.2% are Muslim, and 11.5% are irreligious.
A small amount of black Canadians (0.6%) also have some Indigenous heritage, due to historical intermarriage between black and First Nations or Métis communities. Historically little known, this aspect of black Canadian cultural history began to emerge in the 2010s, most notably through the musical and documentary film project The Afro-Métis Nation.