Blériot-SPAD S.510

The Blériot SPAD S.510 was a French single-seat, single-engined biplane fighter aircraft. First flying in 1933, 60 were built for the Armée de l'Air (French Air Force), entering service in 1936. The type remained in service as a fighter-trainer at the start of the Second World War. It was the last French biplane fighter to enter production.

Development

The Blériot-SPAD S.510 was designed by André Herbemont to meet a 1930 French requirement for a single seat fighter. The new fighter was required to have a speed of at an altitude of (later increased to at the same height), with an armament of either four machine guns, one 20 mm cannon and two machine guns, or two cannon. Herbemont's design was based on his earlier S.91, and of the 11 designs submitted to meet the requirement, was the only biplane.

The SPAD 510 was of all-metal construction, with fabric-covered wings and tail, and a monocoque rear fuselage.

Performance was similar to the British Gloster Gladiator. The S.510's armament generally consisted of 4 machine guns (installed as either a combination of 2 fuselage-mounted guns, plus 2 in under-wing gondolas or with all 4 in under-wing gondolas). This gave it a much heavier attack capability than most earlier biplane fighters and equalled that of the final biplanes used by the British and Italians, the Gladiator and Fiat CR.42 Falco. The S.510 was doomed to obsolescence before it even flew, although when it was designed many pilots and experts strongly believed that biplanes would prove better fighters than monoplanes because of their tighter turning circles. Despite its strengths, the S.510 only enjoyed about a year of usefulness. An adequate fighter for 1936, it was quickly outclassed by the new more modern monoplanes developed by Germany, Britain, and France. It had fixed landing gear as well as a weak fuel system and undercarriage.

In response to a 1934 French competition for a more modern single-seat fighter, Herbemont designed the Blériot-SPAD S.710, based on the 510. and the Nieuport-Delage NiD 62s and NiD 629s of Groupe de Chasse II/7 (GC II/7) from July 1937. In 1937, SPAD 510s were used to equip the Weiser circus aerobatic team, named after the commander of 7<sup>e</sup> Escadre (7th Wing, the parent unit of the two Groupes), which displayed around France that year. In 1938, with increasing tensions between France and Germany, the two Groupes SPADs were fitted with radios, allowing them to be declared as fit for combat, with some aircraft being fitted with revised exhausts to aid night flying. From January 1939, GC I/7 began to re-equip with modern Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighter monoplanes, with the last SPAD 510 discarded in February, while GC II/7 replaced its SPAD 510s by M.S.406s later that year, completing its re-equipment just before its mobilisation at the start of the Second World War.

In August 1939, obsolete fighters held in storage in France after being replaced in the front line units were used to equip Escadrilles Régionales de Chasse (ERC - regional fighter flights) to train reservists, with two flights formed in mainland France with a mixture of SPAD 510s and older NiD-622s, ERC 3/561 at Saint-Inglevert Airfield and ERC 4/561 at Villacoublay. In October, the two ERCs joined together to form Groupe Aėrien Régional de Chasse II/561 (GARC II/561) based at Havre-Oteville. On 18 January 1940 GARC II/561 was redesignated as GC III/10, which received Bloch MB.151s over the next few weeks to allow the unit to transition to a front-line fighter role. The displaced S.510s returned to their training role where they served until the Armistice of 22 June 1940. Approximately ten S.510s were sent to French North Africa in 1939 to join ERCs at Oran and Rabat. In May 1940, the ERCs based in French North Africa were combined to form a new fighter group, GC III/5, with equipment including SPAD 510s, but these were replaced by Morane-Saulnier M.S.406s by the end of May.

Reports that it may have served in the Spanish Republican Air Force during the Spanish Civil War are doubtful. There is no evidence that S.510 were ever actually sent and they may have been confused with the Blériot-SPAD S.91 or with the Dewoitine D.510 that were delivered to the Escuadrilla Internacional.

Variants

;S.510.01

:First prototype aircraft.

;S.510

:Production aircraft powered by Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs engines, armed with 4 x MAC 1934 machine guns, (60 built).

|prime units?=met

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General characteristics

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|crew=1

|length m=7.46

|span m=8.84

|height m=3.72

|wing area sqm=22.0

|empty weight kg=1250

|empty weight sigfig=3

|gross weight kg=1650

|gross weight sigfig=3

|max takeoff weight kg=1830

|max takeoff weight sigfig=3

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Powerplant

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|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs

|eng1 type=V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine

|eng1 hp=690

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Performance

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|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=370

|max speed note=at

|range km=875

|ceiling m=10100

|ceiling note=

|time to altitude=3 min 22 sec

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Armament

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|guns= 4 × 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Weal, Elke C., Weal, John A., Barker, Richard F. Combat Aircraft of World War Two

Development

Variants

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography