Belleville is a city in Ontario, Canada, situated on the eastern end of Lake Ontario, located at the mouth of the Moira River and on the Bay of Quinte. Its population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 55,071 (Census Metropolitan Area population 111,184). Belleville is the seat of Hastings County, but politically independent of it; it is also the centre of the Bay of Quinte Region.
History
thumb|left|Front Street, 1900
thumb|left|Front Street, 1972
thumb|right|Belleville Armoury is a recognized Federal Heritage building, listed in 1992 on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings.
thumb|right|Flowerbed beside [[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401 near Belleville]]
The settlement was first called Singleton's Creek after an early settler, George Singleton. Next it was called Meyer's Creek, after prominent settler and industrialist John Walden Meyers (1745–1821), one of the founders of Belleville. There he built a sawmill and grist mill. After an 1816 visit to the settlement by colonial administrator Sir Francis Gore and his wife, Lady Annabella Gore, it was renamed as Belleville in her honour.
Henry Corby, who arrived in 1832 with his new wife Alma Williams (they had married before immigrating), settled in Belleville. He was a merchant, setting up a grocery store and other businesses. He founded the H. Corby Distillery, and promoted the municipality. He also represented it in Parliament.
Their son Henry Corby Jr. (Harry) took over the family business and continued to support the town: he donated funding to create the public library, helped develop the park at Massassaga Point, established the Corby Charitable Fund, helped raise funds to build the first bridge across the Bay of Quinte and donated the land and development of Corby Park.
In 1836 Belleville became an incorporated village. By 1846, it had a population of 2040. Several stone buildings were soon constructed, including a jail and court house, as well as some of the seven churches. Transportation to other communities was by stagecoach and, in summer, by steamboat along the lake. Two weekly newspapers were published. The post office received mail daily. Several court and government offices were located here. In addition to tradesmen, there was some small industry, three cloth factories, a paper mill, two grist mills, three tanneries and two breweries. The seventeen taverns outnumbered the churches and most businesses. The oldest surviving residence within the original boundaries, 67 South Front Street, was built by Alexander Oliphant Petrie in 1814.
With the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1856, Belleville became an important railway junction. Added to a booming trade in lumber and successful farming in the area, the railway helped increase the commercial and industrial growth. Belleville was incorporated as a town in 1850.
In 1858 the iron bridge was completed over the Moira River at Bridge Street; it was the first iron bridge in Hastings County. By 1865, the population reached 6,000.
Belleville's city hall operates in a building first constructed in 1873 to house the public market and administrative offices. It was designed in the High Victorian Gothic style and retains much of its original appearance. In 1877, Belleville was legally incorporated as a city. These cities are connected by both Ontario's Highway 2 and the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway (Highway 401); The city is also served by Highway 37, running north–south from Belleville towards Tweed to the east of the Moira River; and Highway 62 (once Highway 14 south of 401), northwards towards Madoc, and southward to Prince Edward County over the Bay Bridge.
Officially, Belleville is properly considered part of the Central Ontario region as it is located west of the St. Lawrence River's starting point, but the city is popularly considered part of Eastern Ontario as it shares the eastern region's area code 613 and K postal code.
Climate
Belleville's climate has four distinct seasons. The city's traditional humid continental climate (Dfb) (hot summers, cold winters) is moderated by its location near Lake Ontario. The lake moderates temperature extremes, cooling hot summer days and warming cold days during the fall and winter. Because of this, winter snowfall is somewhat limited due to the increased frequency of precipitation falling as rain during the winter months. In the summer months, severe thunderstorm activity is usually limited because of the non-favourable lake breeze conditions. The city, being located on the north shore of Lake Ontario, is also in an unfavourable location for lake effect snow. One notable exception, however, was in December 2010 when 14 cm of snow occurred in one day as a result of a snow band from Lake Ontario. The summer months do not typically experience exceedingly hot temperatures, however, humidity levels can make daytime highs uncomfortable. Summer rainfall is usually modest and delivered by passing thunderstorms or warm fronts. Remnants of tropical systems do pass through on occasion towards summer's end, resulting in one or two days of consistently wet weather. The winter season is highly variable, with the record setting winter of 2007–08 experiencing near 270 cm of snow. Four years later, the winter of 2011–12 experienced only 60 cm of snow. Winter temperatures are also highly variable, even in one season. Air masses change frequently, and while a few days may see above freezing temperatures at a time in January, the next week may bring cold and snowfall. Autumn is usually mild, with an increase in precipitation starting in late September as conditions for fall storms develop. The highest temperature ever recorded in Belleville was on 9 July 1936.
|date=August 2010
Demographics
The 2021 Census by Statistics Canada found that Belleville had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
|1841|2040
|1851|4593
|1871|7305
|1881|9516
|1891|9916
|1901|9117
|1911|9876
|1921|12206
|1931|13790
|1941|15498
|1951|19519
|1961|30655
|1971|35128
|1981|34881
|1991|37243
|1996|37083
|2001|45986
|2006|48821
|2011|49454
|2016|50716
|2021|55071
Belleville's population is mostly of European descent. The racial make up of Belleville as of 2021 was 85.1% White, 5.6% Indigenous and 9.3% visible minorities. The largest visible minority groups in Belleville are South Asian (3.9%), Black (1.3%), Filipino (0.9%) and Chinese (0.8%). 22.7% were Protestant, 19.8% Catholic, 6.0% Christians not otherwise specified, and 4.9% members of other Christian denominations or Christian-related traditions. 42.1% were non-religious or secular, up from 30.3% in 2011. The remaining 4.5% affiliated with another religion, up from 2.6% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were Hinduism (1.4%), Sikhism (1.0%) and Islam (0.8%).
- The Empire Theatre
- Moonpath Productions
- Quinte Ballet School of Canada
Sports
The Belleville Senators play in the American Hockey League (AHL) and began play in the 2017–18 season as the top minor league affiliate of the National Hockey League's Ottawa Senators. They play at the CAA Arena, formally Yardmen Arena, located on 265 Cannifton Road.
Belleville Bulls played in the Ontario Hockey League from 1981 to 2015. The team was then sold and relocated to Hamilton, Ontario. Belleville was also previously home to two senior hockey teams, the Belleville Macs and the Belleville McFarlands. Belleville is also home the Bay of Quinte Yacht Club, which challenged for the America's Cup in 1881. Belleville also sports minor hockey league teams such as the Belleville Bearcats (female) and the Belleville Jr. Bulls (male).
The Belleville McFarlands were a men's senior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association Senior division from 1956 to 1961. The McFarlands were Allan Cup champions in 1958, defeating the Kelowna Packers four games to three, and the World Championship in 1959. The team name was revived by a later team in the Eastern Ontario Senior Hockey League from 2003 to 2006, known as the Belleville Macs.
Shannonville Motorsport Park has hosted rounds of the Canadian Touring Car Championship, the Canadian Superbike Championship and the CASC Ontario Region championships.
Government
thumb|upright|Belleville City Hall, built in 1873
Local government is represented by Belleville City Council with a mayor and eight councillors. There are two city wards with Ward 1 (Belleville) represented by six councillors and Ward 2 (Thurlow) by two councillors. Ward 1 consists of the historic city and Ward 2 was created in 1998 with the amalgamation of Township of Thurlow. City Council sits at Belleville City Hall.
Police Service
The city has had its own police force since 1834, and constables since 1790. The force has about 100 sworn members headed by a Chief of Police and a Deputy Chief. The service is stationed out of one location only. Policing on provincial highways (37, 62 and 401) are provided by the Ontario Provincial Police from the Centre Hastings detachment.
Infrastructure
thumb|A VIA Rail train arrives at Belleville station.
Roads
Belleville is serviced by Highway 401 And other routes such as
- Highway 62
- Highway 37/Cannifton Road Parkway
- Highway 2/Dundas Street.
- Bell Boulevard/Adam Street
- College Street/Airport Parkway
Public Transit
Public transport is provided by Belleville Transit, which operates 7 days a week, with 8 routes serving the urban area of the City. The fleet consists of 17 coaches travelling approximately 2,300 kilometers per day and carry 3,000 riders per day.
Bus service to and from Toronto Pearson International Airport is provided by Megabus
Deseronto Transit provides public transportation services to destinations including Deseronto, Napanee, and Prince Edward County.
Rail
Belleville is located on the Toronto-Montreal main rail lines for both Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway; both companies provide freight access. VIA Rail also operates five daily passenger services each way along its Quebec City–Windsor Corridor.
Hospital
Belleville General Hospital is located near Highway 2 and is Belleville's main healthcare facility. The hospital is one of the four hospitals in the region under Quinte Health Care. The corporate headquarters of Quinte Health Care is located in the Belleville location.
Education
Post-secondary
thumb|Front entrance of Loyalist College, 2023
The Academy of Learning College is a local college located on the east end of Belleville.
Loyalist College is a local public community college located on the border of Belleville and Quinte West on Wallbridge Loyalist Road.
Public schools
The public school system is served by the Hastings & Prince Edward District School Board. The Catholic School system is served by the Algonquin and Lakeshore Catholic District School Board.
Secondary schools:
- Centennial Secondary School
- Eastside Secondary School
- Bayside Secondary School (Quinte West)
Elementary schools:
- Susanna Moodie Elementary School
- Parkdale Public Elementary School
- Easthill Elementary School
- Prince of Wales Elementary School
- Harry J. Clarke Elementary School (Offers French immersion)
- Sir John A Macdonald School
- Prince Charles Elementary School
- Foxboro Public School
- Bayside Elementary School (Offers French immersion)
- Harmony Public School
Catholic schools
The following are Belleville area schools managed by the Algonquin and Lakeshore Catholic District School Board.
Secondary schools:
- Nicholson Catholic College
- St. Theresa Catholic Secondary School
Elementary schools:
- Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School
- St Michael's Catholic School (French immersion)
- St Joseph's Catholic School
- Georges Vanier Catholic School
- Holy Rosary Catholic School
- Saint Maracle Catholic School
Provincial demonstration schools
- Sir James Whitney School for the Deaf
- Sagonaska School
Private and Independent schools
- Albert College (independent school for Pre-Kindergarten to Grade 12)
- Academy of Learning College
- Quinte Ballet School of Canada
- Quinte Christian High School
- Belleville Christian School
- Belleville Montessori School
Media
- Belleville Intelligencer (Tuesday thru Saturday)
- Community Press (Every Thursday)
Radio
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Frequency
!Call sign
!Branding
!Format
!Owner
!Notes
|-
|AM 800
|CJBQ
|CJBQ 800
|Full service
|Quinte Broadcasting
|
|-
|FM 90.3
|CBO-FM-1
|CBC Radio One
|Talk radio, public radio
|Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
|Rebroadcaster of CBO-FM (Ottawa)
|-
|FM 91.3
|CJLX-FM
|91X
|Campus radio
|Loyalist College
|
|-
|FM 94.3
|CJBC-1-FM
|Ici Radio-Canada Première
|Talk radio, public radio
|Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
|Rebroadcaster of CJBC (Toronto)
|-
|FM 95.5
|CJOJ-FM
|Hits 95.5
|Adult hits
|Starboard Communications
|
|-
|FM 97.1
|CIGL-FM
|Mix 97
|Hot adult contemporary
|Quinte Broadcasting
|
|-
|FM 100.1
|CHCQ-FM
|Cool 100.1
|Country music
|Starboard Communications
|
|-
|FM 102.3
|CKJJ-FM
|UCB Radio
|Christian radio
|United Christian Broadcasters Canada
|
|-
|FM 107.1
|CJTN-FM
|Rock 107
|Classic rock
|Quinte Broadcasting
|
|}
Television
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!OTA virtual channel (PSIP)
!OTA actual channel
!Call sign
!Network
!Notes
|-
|22.1
|22 (UHF)
|CICO-DT-53
|TVOntario
|Rebroadcaster of CICA-DT (Toronto)
|}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!OTA virtual channel (PSIP)
!OTA actual channel
!Call sign
!Network
!Notes
|-
|4 & 700
|4 (Cable TV only)
|YourTV Quinte
|YourTV
|Part of Cogeco Community TV
|}
Internet
- Quinte News
- QNet News
- InQuinte.ca
Sister cities
The City of Belleville has three sister city arrangements with communities outside of Canada which include:
- Lahr, Baden-Württemberg, Germany – established in 1971
- Gunpo, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea – established in 1996
- Zhucheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China – established in 1996
Notable people
- Lee Aaron, hard rock and jazz singer. Best known for "Metal Queen"
- Marianne Ackerman, playwright, novelist, and journalist'
- Lauren Ash, actress best known for Superstore
- Drew Bannister, professional ice hockey defenceman
- Dennis Bock, novelist and short story writer
- Michael Botterill, professional Canadian football linebacker
- Sir MacKenzie Bowell, Canada's fifth Prime Minister
- Wilfred Leigh Brintnell, a pioneering Canadian aviator
- James Brown, politician
- Stevie Cameron, award-winning investigative journalist and best-selling author
- James Collip, co-discoverer of insulin
- Matt Cooke, NHL hockey player
- Nick Cousins, NHL player
- Brander Craighead, football player
- Bob Crawford, retired NHL hockey player
- Lou Crawford, former OHL and AHL head coach
- Marc Crawford, NHL head coach
- Jack Devine, CJBQ sports commentator, and president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
- Bob Dillabough, retired NHL player with the Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins and the Oakland Seals
- Herbert Henry Dow, Dow Chemical, Born February 26, 1866
- Rick Green, retired NHLer
- Ellie Anne Harvie, actress
- Bobby Hull, Hockey Hall of Fame member
- Brett Hull, son of Bobby, Hockey Hall of Fame member (inducted 2009)
- Dennis Hull, Bobby's younger brother, member of 1972 Team Canada
- Aislinn Hunter, poet and fiction writer
- Frances Itani, fiction writer, poet and essayist
- Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer/songwriter and actress, born in Belleville and lived here until age five.
- James Frederick Lister, lawyer
- Norm Maracle, hockey goaltender
- James Marker, inventor of Cheezies
- Dr. William James McCormick, physician, proprietor of the High Park Sanitarium
- Tom McGill, goalkeeper who plays for Brighton and Hove Albion
- Rick Meagher, retired NHL player
- Trennt Michaud, Olympic figure skater
- Rick Mofina, author of crime fiction and thriller novels
- Susanna Moodie (1803–1885), author, moved to Belleville with her husband in 1840 after several years spent "roughing it in the bush" near Lakefield, Ontario
- Riyo Mori, Miss Universe 2007, spent her teenage years in Belleville, studying at Centennial Secondary School and at Quinte Ballet School of Canada
- Farley Mowat, author, born in Belleville
- William Barton Northrup, lawyer and politician
- Brian Orser, figure skater and coach
- Shawn O'Sullivan, 1984 Olympic silver medalist boxer
- Graham Parkhurst, actor
- Pete Quaife, bassist for The Kinks in the 1960s, lived in Quinte Region from 1980 to 2005
- Peter Quinney, Canadian football player, Toronto Argonauts
- Andrew Raycroft, NHL goaltender
- Brad Richardson, NHL forward
- Wallace Havelock Robb, poet and naturalist
- Alexander Milton Ross, abolitionist and agent for the Underground Railroad
- Johnny Rutherford, former Major League Baseball pitcher
- Nancy Anne Sakovich, actress and former model
- Mike Schad, National Football League offensive lineman
- Martin Seemungal, Foreign Correspondent CBC, ABC, CTV, PBS Newshour
- Andrew Shaw, retired NHL player
- Derek Smith, NHL forward
- Harry Leslie Smith, British writer, political commentator and Royal Air Force veteran
- Matt Stajan, NHL forward resided in Belleville from 2000 to 2004
- Manly E. MacDonald, Semi-impressionistic painter
- Alex Stieda, former professional road bicycle racer
- Chris Valentine, former ice hockey player and coach
- Thomas Campbell Wallbridge, lawyer and politician
- John Weldon, animated movies director, Oscar Award winner (1979)
- Ed Westfall, retired NHL player
- The Wilkinsons, country music group
- Ty Wishart, professional ice hockey player
- Jerry Yanover, political advisor
See also
- Belleville Cemetery
- Belleville Transit
- Foxboro