Bellanca Cruisair

The Bellanca 14-7 Cruisair and its successors were a family of single-engined light aircraft manufactured in the United States from the mid-1930s onwards.

Design and development

Bellanca established itself in the market for 6-8 seat aircraft, but believed that it could also successfully sell smaller 3-4 seat aircraft. To fill this niche Bellanca designed The '14-7 Cruisair' as a modern, low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fuselage intended to contribute lift to the design. Although the prototype flew with fixed tailwheel undercarriage, the 14-9 production version was the first US light aircraft to be mass-produced with retractable undercarriage, the main wheels rotating aft into wheel-wells in the wings, with approximately 50 produced before production was interrupted by World War II.

thumb|left|Bellanca 14-13-2

After WWII Bellanca resumed production with the up-dated Bellanca 14-13 Cruisair Senior, retaining the Bellanca 14-7's basic design, featuring an enlarged cabin, a horizontally opposed Franklin 6A4-335-B3 engine in place of the earlier models' Le Blond radial and an oval vertical endplate on each horizontal stabiliser. This latter feature gained the type the affectionate nickname "Cardboard Constellation", because the arrangement is similar to the contemporary Lockheed Constellation airliner.

The naming convention for Bellanca aircraft was followed with the Cruisair series, with the first number giving the wing area in square feet, (dropping the final digit), while the second number is the aircraft's horsepower, (again dropping the final digit).

Construction of the series is fairly conventional with wings constructed of spruce with plywood skin and fuselages built up from a welded steel-tube framework with a fabric covering. The new model featured structural upgrades, a Lycoming O435-A engine, an increased gross weight of 2,600 lbs, hydraulically operated landing gear and flaps, and a deluxe interior. 99 of these airplanes were produced between 1949 and 1951. Externally, a near-look-alike to the earlier models, this version was distinguished by its larger, oval-shaped endplates. All production ceased in 1956 as Bellanca wound up its operations.

thumb|Bellanca 14-19-2 Cruisemaster, built 1958

Model 14-19-2

The 14-19 design was revived by Northern Aircraft and granted FAA approval on January 7, 1957 as the 14-19-2 Cruisemaster. The new model featured a Continental O-470K engine, an increased gross weight of 2,700 pounds, 104 of these airplanes were produced between 1957 and 1958.

thumb|1946 model Bellanca 14-13 Cruisair Senior at the [[Western Canada Aviation Museum- note the large endplates of the initial 14-13]]

Bellanca Viking

The Bellanca Viking and Super Viking were developed through modifications of the 'Cruisair' designs by the aviation pioneer Giuseppe Bellanca. Derived directly from the Cruisair, the Viking introduced a swept single tail of similar area, replacing the triple-tail of earlier aircraft, initially manufactured by Downer Aircraft as the Model 260 starting around 1958. The Viking model was born out of discussions at Downer for a bigger version of the "Model 260" with at least 300 horsepower. The Minnesota based company employed skilled craftsman who manufactured the wing from spruce and the new 300 hp model was named the "Viking" in respect to the many Scandinavians of the area.

The first Model 17 Viking appeared in 1967 called the "17-30" it was powered by a 300 hp Continental IO-520-K. In 1969 a Viking powered by a 290 hp (later 300 hp) Lycoming IO-540 was introduced, either normally aspirated (17-31) or turbocharged (17-31TC).

thumb|right|Bellanca Super Viking photographed at [[Centennial Airport]]

Over the years there were a number of refinements in the aircraft. The original hydraulic gear and flap actuation system was redesigned in 1968 introducing electric flaps. In 1969 the FAA issued Type Certificate A18CE and the aircraft built under that design were designated the "A" series "Super Vikings". Aside from refinements already made to late Viking 300 models, the new 300A Vikings (17-30A, 17-31A and 17-31ATC) had a gross weight increase to 3,325 lbs. The original complex fuel system with five tanks and two fuel selectors allowing eight possible combinations of selector settings was simplified to a left, right and auxiliary system in 1974. In 1979 the Continental powered Vikings sported a fully enclosed nosewheel thanks to a redesign of the engine mount. This necessitated the use of cowl flaps for the first time on the Viking but resulted in a 12 mph increase. In 1979 production of the Lycoming powered 17-31A ceased. In 1996, the Continental IO-550 was made available as an option.

thumb|right|Viking

Operational history

Designed and produced in the post-World War II era, the Bellanca 14-13 Cruisair Senior was aimed at a general aviation market. Pilot/owners were offered a combination of performance, low engine power and a modest price of $4500. Its performance and structural strength also made it attractive for utility work, but in many ways the Bellanca design was an anachronism, relying on a conventional landing gear configuration and wood and fabric construction that harkened back to an earlier age. Postwar economics along with a glut of surplus military aircraft precluded heavy sales although about 600 were produced.

Since 2002 the company has been operated by a group of six Bellanca enthusiasts who bought the company from the state of Minnesota and established Alexandria Aircraft Co. LLC, providing technical support and parts for owners and maintenance organisations in the field. New aircraft have been available from Alexandria Aircraft Co., who have sold one new aircraft manufactured in 2005.

Variants

;Junior 14-7

:Prototype with fixed undercarriage and LeBlond 5E radial piston engine.

:: 14-7L - 14-7 with Lenape LM-5 engine.

;14-9

:Main production version with retractable undercarriage and Ken-Royce 5F radial piston engine.

:: 14-9L - Fitted with a Lenape Brave engine.

;14-10L - fitted with a 100 hp (75 kW) Lycoming engine.

;14-12 - with Franklin 6AC engine

;14-13

:Initial model introduced in 1946,

::14-13-2 - Improved model introduced in 1947. Featured a longer span stabilizer with smaller endplates and an external baggage door,

;T14-14

:Militarized trainer version (single prototype only).

;14-19

: version introduced in 1949

|prime units? = imp

|crew=one pilot

|capacity=3 passengers

|length ft=21

|length in=3+11/16

|length sigfig=3

|length note=(tail up)

|span ft=34

|span in=2

|height ft=6

|height in=2+1/2

|height sigfig=3

|height note=(tail down)

|wing area sqft=161

|airfoil=Bellanca "B"

|empty weight lb=1250

|gross weight lb=2150

|fuel capacity=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Franklin 6A4-335-B3

|eng1 type=air-cooled flat-six engine

|eng1 hp=150

|cruise speed mph=165

|cruise speed note=at

|range miles=

|ceiling ft=22000

|more performance=*Take-off run:

Landing run:

References

;Notes

;Bibliography

Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1951/52, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1951.
Davisson, Budd. "We Fly the Cardboard Constellation" Air Progress Vintage Buyer's Guide, 1989.
Mondey, David. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Aircraft. Secaucus, NJ: Chartwell Books Inc, 1978. .
Palmer, Trisha, ed. "Bellanca Viking Series". Encyclopedia of the World's Commercial and Private Aircraft. New York: Crescent Books, 2001. .
<cite id=ref1978AircraftDirectory1977>"Plane and Pilot." 1978 Aircraft Directory. Santa Monica, CA: Werner & Werner Corp, 1977. .</cite>
Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. p. File 890 Sheet 24.