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The Battle of Hoke's Run, also known as the Battle of Falling Waters or Battle of Hainesville, took place on July 2, 1861, in Berkeley County, Virginia (now West Virginia) as part of the Manassas campaign of the American Civil War. Acting precisely upon the orders of a superior officer about how to operate in the face of superior numbers, Jackson's Confederate forces resisted General Robert Patterson's Union forces briefly and then slowly retreated over several miles.

Opposing forces

Union order of battle

The Department of Pennsylvania represented the Union Army at the Battle of Hoke's Run during the outset of the American Civil War. Although the entire force crossed the Potomac River into Virginia, the First and Sixth Brigades were primarily engaged.

Military rank

  • MG = Major General
  • BG = Brigadier General
  • Col = Colonel
  • Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
  • Maj = Major
  • Cpt = Captain

Other abbreviations

  • w = wounded
  • mw = mortally wounded
  • k = killed
  • c = captured

Department of Pennsylvania

MG Robert Patterson

{| class="wikitable"

! width=30% | Division

! width=30% | Brigade

! Regiments and Others

|-

| rowspan=3 |

First Division

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

BG George Cadwallader

| 1st Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;

Col George H. Thomas

|

  • 6th Pennsylvania: Col James Nagle
  • 21st Pennsylvania: Col John F. Ballier
  • 23rd Pennsylvania: Col Charles P. Dare
  • Philadelphia City Troop (cavalry) (1 Company): Cpt Thomas James
  • 2nd U.S. Cavalry (3 Companies)
  • Heavy Artillery, 1 Battery: Cpt Abner Doubleday

|-

| 3rd Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;BG Alpheus S. Williams

|

  • 7th Pennsylvania: Col William H. Irwin
  • 8th Pennsylvania: Col A.H. Emley
  • 10th Pennsylvania: Col Sullivan A. Meredith
  • 20th Pennsylvania: Col William H. Gray

|-

| 4th Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;Col Dixon S. Miles (until June 17)

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;Col. J. C. Longenecker

|

  • 9th Pennsylvania: Col Henry C. Longnecker
  • 13th Pennsylvania: Col Thomas A. Rowley
  • 16th Pennsylvania: Col Thomas A. Ziegle
  • 2nd & 3rd U.S. (detachments): Maj Oliver L. Shepherd

|-

| rowspan=3 |

Second Division

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

MG William H. Keim

| 2nd Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;BG G. C. Wynkoop

|

  • 1st Pennsylvania: Col Samuel Yohe
  • 2nd Pennsylvania: Col Frederick S. Stumbaugh
  • 3rd Pennsylvania: Col Francis P. Minier

|-

| 5th Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;BG J. S. Negley

|

  • 14th Pennsylvania: Col John W. Johnston
  • 15th Pennsylvania: Col Richard A. Oakford
  • 24th Pennsylvania: Col Joshua T. Owen

|-

| 6th Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;Col. J. J. Abercrombie

|

  • 4th Connecticut: Col Levi Woodhouse
  • 11th Pennsylvania: Col Phaon Jarrett
  • Philadelphia Independent Rangers: Cpt McMullen
  • 1st Wisconsin: Col John C. Starkweather

|-

| rowspan=2 |

Third Division

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

MG Charles W. Sandford

| 7th Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; Col Charles P. Stone

|

  • 1st New Hampshire: Col Mason Tappan
  • 9th New York State Militia: Col John W. Styles
  • 17th Pennsylvania: Col Francis E. Patterson
  • 25th Pennsylvania (Companies D, F, G, I & K): Col Henry L. Cake
  • District of Columbia (detachment): Cpt John R. Smead
  • U. S. Cavalry: Cpt William T. Magruder
  • 4th United States Artillery Battery F: Lt Alexander Piper

|-

| 8th Brigade

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; Col C. Schwarzwaelder

<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; Col Daniel Butterfield

|

  • 5th New York State Militia: Col C. Schwarzwaelder
  • 12th New York State Militia: Col Daniel Butterfield
  • 19th New York: Col John S. Clarke
  • 28th New York: Col Dudley Donnelly

|-

| rowspan=1 |

Unattached

|

|

  • 11th Indiana: Col Lew Wallace
  • 1st U. S. Artillery, Battery E
  • 1st U. S. Artillery, Battery H

|}

Confederate order of battle

The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Hoke's Run.

Military rank

  • BG = Brigadier General
  • Col = Colonel
  • Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
  • Cpt = Captain

Army of the Shenandoah

BG Joseph E. Johnston

{| class="wikitable"

! width=25% | Brigade

! Regiments and Others

|-

| First Brigade

<br />

Col Thomas J. Jackson

|

  • 2nd Virginia Infantry: Col James W. Allen
  • 4th Virginia Infantry: Col James F. Preston
  • 5th Virginia Infantry: Col Kenton Harper
  • 27th Virginia Infantry: Col William W. Gordon
  • 1st Rockbridge Artillery: Cpt William N. Pendleton

|-

| Cavalry

|

  • 1st Virginia Cavalry: Ltc J.E.B. Stuart

|}

Battle

305px|thumb|right|Map of Hoke's Run Battlefield core and study areas by the [[American Battlefield Protection Program]]

On July 2, Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson's division crossed the Potomac River near Williamsport, Maryland and marched on the main road to Martinsburg. Near Hoke's Run, the Union brigades of Cols. John J. Abercrombie and George H. Thomas encountered regiments of Col. Thomas J. Jackson's Confederate brigade, driving them back slowly. Jackson accomplished his orders to delay the Federal advance, withdrawing before Patterson's larger force. In his Official Report, Major-General Robert Patterson states the number of Confederate deaths as "over sixty" but does not describe Union casualties. One Confederate battle flag was captured by the First Wisconsin, but the surrendering Confederate regiment is not identified.<br>

After the time for propagandizing the casualty figures ended, the following Union regiments precisely reported the sacrifices of their comrades-in-arms:

:*First Wisconsin Infantry: 1 killed, 5 wounded, 1 captured.

:*Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry: 1 killed, 10 wounded, none captured.

:*Fifteenth Pennsylvania Infantry: 1 wounded, 35 captured (six of whom died in Confederate prisons within nine months).

In addition to the above, "The Official Records of the Union and Confederates Armies, 1861-1865" and "History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5" state the following casualties:

:*2nd US cavalry: 2 captured

:*14th Pennsylvania: 12 Captured (the 1st Virginia Cavalry took 47 prisoners from the company A, 14th and company I, 15th Pennsylvania)

:*McMullen's Rangers: 1 killed and 1 wounded (from the Sunbury American)

Total casualties for Union force: 3 killed, 17 wounded, and 50 captured

For the Confederacy:

:*1st Virginia Cavalry: 2 killed and 1 wounded

:*2nd Virginia Infantry: no record/report (casualties unknown)

:*5th Virginia Infantry 9 killed and 11 wounded

Total casualties for Confederate force (incomplete): 11 killed, 12 wounded

Aftermath

On July 3, Patterson occupied Martinsburg, but made no further aggressive moves until July 15, when he marched to Bunker Hill. Instead of moving on Winchester, however, Patterson turned east to Charles Town and then withdrew to Harpers Ferry.

</references>

References

  • CWSAC Report Update and Resurvey: Individual Battlefield Profiles
  • Gimbel, Gary. "The End of Innocence: The Battle of Falling Waters", in Blue & Gray, Volume XXII, issue 4 (Fall 2005). ISSN 0741-2207.
  • Battle of Falling Waters