Barbara Jane Liskov (; born November 7, 1939) is an American computer scientist who has made pioneering contributions to programming languages and distributed computing. Her notable work includes the introduction of abstract data types and the accompanying principle of data abstraction, along with the Liskov substitution principle, which applies these ideas to object-oriented programming, subtyping, and inheritance. Her work was recognized with the 2008 Turing Award, the highest distinction in computer science.
Liskov is one of the earliest women to have been granted a doctorate in computer science in the United States, and the second woman to receive the Turing Award. She is currently an Institute Professor and Ford Professor of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Early life and education
Liskov was born November 7, 1939, in Los Angeles, California, the eldest of Jane (née Dickhoff) and Moses Huberman's four children. She earned her bachelor's degree in mathematics with a minor in physics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1961. At Berkeley, she had only one other female classmate in her major. She applied to graduate mathematics programs at Berkeley and Princeton. At the time, Princeton was not accepting female students in mathematics. She was accepted at Berkeley but instead moved to Boston and began working at the MITRE Corporation, where she became interested in computers and programming. She worked at Mitre for one year before taking a programming job at Harvard, where she worked on language translation. At Stanford, she worked with John McCarthy and was supported in her work in artificial intelligence.
Career
After graduating from Stanford, Liskov returned to Mitre to work as a research staff. Liskov's design and development of CLU and Argus would later have influence on many well-known programming languages such as Java, C++, C#, and Ada.
Liskov’s formulation of the Liskov substitution principle (LSP) has had a lasting influence on software engineering theory and practice. The principle became a foundational concept in software engineering education, where it is widely taught as a formal criterion for subtype correctness in object-oriented design. It is commonly presented in university curricula and textbooks as a key rule for reasoning about behavioral compatibility in programs.
Recognition and awards
Liskov is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). In 2002, she was recognized as one of the top women faculty members at MIT, and among the top 50 faculty members in the sciences in the U.S. In 2002, Discover magazine recognized Liskov as one of the 50 most important women in science.
In 2004, Barbara Liskov won the John von Neumann Medal for "fundamental contributions to programming languages, programming methodology, and distributed systems". On 19 November, 2005, Barbara Liskov and Donald E. Knuth were awarded ETH Honorary Doctorates. Liskov and Knuth were also featured in the ETH Zurich Distinguished Colloquium Series. She was awarded a Doctorate Honoris Causa by the University of Lugano in 2011 and by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in 2018.
Liskov received the 2008 Turing Award from the ACM in March 2009, for her work in the design of programming languages and software methodology that led to the development of object-oriented programming. Specifically, Liskov developed two programming languages, CLU in the 1970s and Argus in the 1980s. In 2012, she was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
In 2023 Liskov was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal from the Franklin Institute for "seminal contributions to computer programming languages and methodology, enabling the implementation of reliable, reusable programs".
Selected works
Liskov is the author of five books as of February 2023 and over one hundred technical papers.
Books
Selected papers
Personal life
Liskov is Jewish. In 1970, she married Nathan Liskov.