Babruysk or Bobruysk is a city in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Babruysk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. Most of them were employed in crafts, industry, and trade.

During the 1890s, the citizens of Babruysk witnessed pogroms after the assassination of the Russian emperor Alexander II. Many of the attacks were repelled by armed Jewish self-defense.

In 1902, the Great Fire of Babruysk left 2,500 families homeless and destroyed over 250 businesses, 15 schools and the market. There were more than 7 million rubles in property damage. However, the city was quickly rebuilt, this time with brick and stone.

In 1904 the 40th Infantry Division of the Imperial Russian Army had its headquarters here.

Between February 2 and March 11, 1918, was a Battle of Bobrujsk, between units of the Polish I Corps in Russia, commanded by General Jozef Dowbor-Musnicki, fought with the Red Army over the control of the city and region of Babruysk.

In 1918–1920, the town was captured by Polish forces.

thumb|left| Babruysk City Hall and Lenin statue

thumb|[[T-34 tank on a podium in downtown Babruysk]]

thumb|Babruysk railway station

thumb|Bobruisk Drama and Comedy Theatre

World War II

On June 28, 1941, troops of the German Army Group Centre captured Babruysk. General Gotthard Heinrici considered the largely-evacuated city "a dump consisting mainly of wooden houses" and was appalled by the "extremely primitive" surrounding area. Dulag 131, one of the largest camps for Soviet prisoners of war, was located in the "citadel". An estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Red Army soldiers died there.

Believing that German troops would not target civilians, many Jews stayed behind. Consequently, 20,000 Babruysk Jews were shot and buried in mass graves. Ghetto and labor camps were established in the southwest part of town. The conditions inside the camps were horrible and involved lack of food, lack of sanitation and perpetual abuse by the Nazi guards. Soon the Nazis began executing the Jews in the ghetto in groups of about 30. By 1943 all labor camps had been liquidated and the remaining Jews killed. The few Jews who escaped joined partisan forces in the surrounding forest and went about attacking enemy railroad lines. There is a small memorial dedicated to the memory of Babruysk Jews killed in the Holocaust, located in the Nahalat Yitzhak cemetery, Giv'atayim, Israel, as part of the Babi Yar memorial.

On June 29, 1944, the Red Army liberated Babruysk. The city lay in ruins; while the population had been 84,107 in 1939, it was down to 28,352 following the war. The difficult process of rebuilding was conducted by thousands of workers and war prisoners who labored to clear factories and streets of rubble and filled in craters made by the bombardment. The machine building plant had been almost completely destroyed, but was restored to working order by the end of 1944. Many other factories and facilities were also rebuilt.

Postwar era

Between 1944 and 1954, Babruysk served as an administrative center of Babruysk Voblast.

The population recovered swiftly as well. In 1959 it was 96,000, in 1965 – 116,000, in 1968 – 122,500, in 1970 – 136,000 and by 1989, 232,000 people were living in Babruysk. This was mostly due to urbanization, where people moved into the city from the surrounding rural areas.

thumb|center|800px|Lenin Square

Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Babruysk has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Notable people

  • Abba Ahimeir (November 2, 1897 – June 6, 1962), Jewish journalist, historian, maximalist ideologue and activist of Zionist Revisionist Movement
  • Andrei Arlovski (born 1979), former UFC heavyweight champion.
  • Bi-2 rock band (Russia): both founders are from Babruysk.
  • (born 1981), Ukrainian film director and screenwriter
  • Cheev (born 1993), Belarusian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter
  • Eliyahu Dobkin (December 31, 1898 – October 26, 1976), Labor Zionist leader, signatory of Israeli declaration of independence, a founder of the Israel Museum, active in the Jewish Agency and the Zionist Organization.
  • Celia Dropkin (1887–1956), American Yiddish poet
  • Arkadi Duchin (born 1963), Israeli singer-songwriter and musical producer
  • Baruch Epstein (1860–1941), Lithuanian rabbi, son of Rabbi Yechiel Michel Epstein. Best known for Temimah commentary on the Torah.
  • Yechiel Michel Epstein (January 24, 1829 – February 24, 1908), rabbi and authority in Jewish law in Lithuania, known for his book Aruch HaShulchan.
  • Joshua Louis Goldberg (1896–1994), American rabbi, first rabbi commissioned as U.S. Navy chaplain in WWII, third to serve in the Navy, first to reach the rank of Navy Captain, first to retire after full active-duty career
  • Zalman Gorelik (1908–1987), geologist (tectonics specialist)
  • Avraham Katznelson (1888–1956), Zionist politician in Mandate Palestine, signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence
  • Berl Katznelson (1887–1944), chief figure in Labor Zionism, instrumental to the establishment of the modern state of Israel
  • Rachel Katznelson-Shazar (1885–1975), Zionist activist, wife of Zalman Shazar, the third President of Israel
  • Ruslan Kogan (born 1982), Australian entrepreneur and self-made millionaire
  • Michaš Kukabaka (1936), Soviet Belarusian dissident described as „the last Soviet political prisoner in the USSR“
  • Aaron Lebedeff (1873–1960), Yiddish theater star, singer
  • Kadish Luz (1895–1972), Israeli Minister of Agriculture (1955–1959), Speaker of the Knesset (1959–1969), acting president for one month in 1963
  • Alexander Mikhailovich Orlov (born Leiba L. Feldbin; 1895-1973), Soviet secret police colonel, NKVD Rezident in Second Spanish Republic, avoided execution in 1938 by fleeing to the USA.
  • Grigory Nemtsov (1948–2010), Latvian journalist and politician
  • Yelena Piskun (born 1978), two-time world champion in artistic gymnastics
  • Dovid Raskin (1927–2011), rabbi associated with the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement
  • Ilia Rodov, Israeli art historian
  • Efraim Sevela (1928–2010), Soviet writer, screenwriter, director, and producer. Emigrated from the Soviet Union to Israel, then to the United States and Russia.
  • Shmaryahu Noah Schneersohn, chassidic rabbi
  • David Shimoni (1891–1956), Israeli poet, writer and translator
  • Eliyahu Simpson (1889–1976), rabbi
  • Yitzhak Tabenkin (1888–1971), Zionist activist and politician, co-founder of the Kibbutz Movement
  • Yosef Tunkel (1881–1949), Jewish–Belarusian–American writer of poetry and humorous prose in Yiddish
  • Gary Vaynerchuk (born 1975), serial entrepreneur, CEO, investor, author, public speaker American football team
  • Avraam Zak (1829–1893), Russian-Jewish banker and philanthropist

International relations

Babruysk is twinned with:

<!--Gulbene, Odense - not twinning-->

  • Anenii Noi, Comrat - Moldova
  • Batumi, Kobuleti - Georgia
  • Daugavpils, Gulbene - Latvia
  • Grozny, Ishim, Kolpino, Kostroma, Luga, Murom, Naro-Fominsky District, Novomoskovsk, Petrogradsky (Saint Petersburg), Sokolniki (Moscow), Vladimir - Russia
  • Hengyang, Shaoxing, Wuxi - China
  • Iglesias, Italy
  • Morogoro, Tanzania
  • Odense, Denmark
  • Öskemen, Kazakhstan
  • Púchov, Slovakia
  • Samarkand, Uzbekistan
  • Sevlievo, Bulgaria
  • Talin, Armenia
  • Warsaw West County, Poland

Places of interest

thumb|The recently (2006–2009) rebuilt Orthodox St. Nicholas Cathedral

  • Church of the Immaculate Conception of Saint Virgin Mary, a Catholic church built between 1901 and 1903;
  • The Babruysk fortress, 1810–1836;
  • , 1912;
  • The , 1892–1894;
  • The , 1905–1907.

thumb|A beaver, the symbol of the city, which can be found in its center.

  • The city was mentioned in Ilf and Petrov's book The Little Golden Calf as "a wonderful, highly civilized place".
  • 'Go to Babrujsk, animal' () was a popular meme from padonkaffsky jargon, popular in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet in the early 2000s. Its origin could be a reference to the quote from The Little Golden Calf.
  • In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode titled "Family", there is an Earth Station Bobruisk, named for the city in Belarus.
  • In Tanki Online there is a map titled Bobruisk loosely based on the city.
  • Popular travel vlogger Bald and Bankrupt featured Babruysk in a video entitled "Back To The USSR | Lost In The Belarus Provinces".

Notes

References

  • Bobruysk. Synagogues
  • Bobruisk.by – Official Babruysk website
  • Bobr.by – Popular Babruysk related portal
  • Photos on Radzima.org
  • Photos of famous historical sites in Babrujsk
  • Babruysk website
  • The murder of the Jews of Babruysk during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

Further reading