thumb|Bond of the Austrian Northwestern Railway, issued 1 March 1871
thumb|ÖNWB network in comparison to other railway companies.
The Austrian Northwestern Railway (German: Österreichische Nordwestbahn, ÖNWB, Czech: Rakouská severozápadní dráha) was the name of a former railway company during the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Today, the term is still used (although only rarely) to refer to the railway line which was formerly operated by that company.
The privately owned Nordwestbahn took over the branch of the Nordbahn from Floridsdorf to Stockerau in 1871 and extended it in 1871 via Hollabrunn and Retz to Znojmo (Moravia). Nordwestbahn owned and operated many important lines in Bohemia and Moravia. It was nationalized in 1908 and subsequently lost its significance. Nordwestbahnhof was closed down in 1924 and has only been used for freight transports since World War II. The bridge used by the company was transformed into an Autobahn bridge during the 60s. Passenger service between Retz and Znojmo was reopened in 1990.
Lines built by Nordwestbahn lying in today's Czech Republic
thumb|Drawing of railway station Prague-Těšnov
thumb|Station Ústí n.L.-Střekov
{| class="wikitable col1right"
|+ In chronological order
|-
! Date opened || ČD № || From ||colspan=4| To
|-
| 6 December 1869 || || Golčův Jeníkov<br />(Goltsch-Jenikau) || Čáslav<br />(Tschaslau) ||colspan=3|
|-
|rowspan=3| 29 October 1870 || || Trutnov (Trautenau) main stn. ||colspan=4| Trutnov (Parschnitz)
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Nymburk (Neuenburg) main stn. || (Wellelib) ||colspan=3| Mladá Boleslav (Jungbunzlau) main station
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || || Velký Osek (Groß Wossek) ||colspan=3| Nymburk (Neuenburg) main station
|-
|rowspan=3| 21 December 1870 || || <br />(Deutschbrod) || Světlá nad Sázavou<br />(Swietla ob der Sasau) ||colspan=3| Golčův Jeníkov<br />(Goltsch-Jenikau)
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| <br /> || Velký Osek<br />(Groß Wossek) || Chlumec nad Cidlinou<br />(Chlumetz an der Zidlina) ||colspan=3| Ostroměř<br />(Wostromiersch)
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Kunčice nad Labem (Pelsdorf) ||colspan=4| Trutnov (Trautenau) main station
|-
| 25 January 1871 || || <br />(Iglau) ||colspan=4| <br />(Deutschbrod)
|-
| 23 April 1871 || || Znojmo<br />(Znaim) || Moravské Budějovice<br />(Mährisch Budwitz) || Okříšky<br />(Okrzischko) ||colspan=2| <br />(Iglau)
|-
|rowspan=3| 1 June 1871 || || (Deutschbrod) || (Zdaretz) || Chrast || Chrudim<br />(Crudim) ||rowspan=2| Pardubice (Pardubitz)
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| ||colspan=4|
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Ostroměř (Wostromiersch) || Stará Paka (Altpaka) ||colspan=3| Kunčice nad Labem (Pelsdorf)
|-
| 1 October 1871 || || Kunčice nad Labem<br />(Pelsdorf) ||colspan=4| Vrchlabí<br />(Hohenelbe)
|-
| 1 November 1871 || || Stockerau (Štokrava),<br />Austria || Šatov<br />(Schattau) ||colspan=3| Znojmo<br />(Znaim)
|-
|rowspan=2| 17 December 1871 || || Ostroměř (Wostromiersch) ||colspan=4| Jičín (Gitschin) cargo station
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Trutnov (Trautenau) main station ||colspan=4| Svoboda nad Úpou (Freiheit an der Aupa)
|-
|rowspan=2| 4 October 1873 || || Chlumec nad Cidlinou<br />(Chlumetz an der Zidlina) ||colspan=4| Hradec Králové<br />(Königgrätz)
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Nymburk<br />(Neuenburg) || Lysá nad Labem<br />(Lissa an der Elbe) || Čelákovice (Czelakowitz) ||colspan=2| Praha (Prag) interim station
|-
| 1 January 1874 || || Lysá nad Labem<br />(Lissa an der Elbe) || Všetaty (Wißen); Mělník || Litoměřice (Leitmeritz) lower station || Ústí nad Labem (Aussig) || Ústí nad Labem (Aussig) west station
|-
|rowspan=2| 10 January 1874 || || Hradec Králové (Königgrätz) || Týniště nad Orlicí (Tinischt) || Letohrad (Geiersberg) ||colspan=2| Lichkov (Lichtenau)
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Letohrad (Geiersberg) ||colspan=4| Ústí nad Orlicí (Wildenschwert)
|-
| 5 October 1874 || || Ústí nad Labem (Aussig) || Velké Březno<br />(Großpriesen) || Děčín (Tetschen) east station ||colspan=2| Děčín <br />(Tetschen Mittelgrund)
|-
|rowspan=2| 15 October 1875 || || Lichkov (Lichtenau) ||colspan=4| Czech Republic/Poland border
|-
|style="text-align: left;"| || Praha (Prag) interim station ||colspan=4| Praha (Prag)<br /> station
|}