Austria competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 60 competitors, 54 men and 6 women, took part in 44 events in 15 sports.
Medalists
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Medal
!Name
!Sport
!Event
|-
| || Rudolf Dollinger || Shooting || Men's Free Pistol
|}
Archery
In its first appearance in the archery competition at the Olympics, Austria entered one man.
Men's Individual Competition:
- Oswald Probts – 2173 points (→ 33rd place)
Athletics
Men's Decathlon
- Georg Werthner
- Final – 7443 points (→ 16th place)
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Six cyclists represented Austria in 1976.
;Individual road race
- Herbert Spindler – 4:49:01 (→ 18th place)
- Roman Humenberger – 4:49:01 (→ 21st place)
- Wolfgang Steinmayr – 4:49:01 (→ 27th place)
- Rudolf Mitteregger – 5:00:19 (→ 51st place)
;Team time trial
- Leo Karner
- Roman Humenberger
- Rudolf Mitteregger
- Johann Summer
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Five fencers, all men, represented Austria in 1976.
;Men's épée
- Karl-Heinz Müller
- Peter Zobl-Wessely
- Herbert Lindner
;Men's team épée
- Herbert Lindner, Karl-Heinz Müller, Herbert Polzhuber, Peter Zobl-Wessely
;Men's sabre
- Hanns Brandstätter
Judo
Rowing
Sailing
;Open
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=7|Race
!rowspan=2|Net points
!rowspan=2|Final rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
|-align=center
|align=left|Ernst Seidl<br/>Johann Eisl
|align=left|Flying Dutchman
|15
|10
|7
|12
|2
|<s>16</s>
|15
|92.0
|13
|-align=center
|align=left|Hans Prack<br/>Bernhard Prack
|align=left|Tornado
|<s>10</s>
|8
|6
|10
|3
|10
|9
|78.4
|11
|-align=center
|align=left|Carl Auteried Jr.<br/>Wolfgang Böhm
|align=left|Tempest
|10
|14
|11
|11
|5
|11
|<s>DNS</s>
|97.0
|12
|-align=center
|align=left|Hubert Raudaschl<br/>Walter Raudaschl<br/>Rudolf Mayr
|align=left|Soling
|13
|17
|15
|<s>20</s>
|9
|16
|17
|123.0
|17
|}
Shooting
;Open
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Final
|-
!Score
!Rank
|-
|Rudolf Dollinger
| rowspan=2|50 m free pistol
|align="center"|562
|align="center"|16x16px
|-
|Hubert Garschall
|align="center"|543
|align="center"|30
|-
|rowspan=2|Gerhard Krimbacher
|50 m rifle three positions
|align="center"|1117
|align="center"|42
|-
|50 m rifle prone
|align="center"|591
|align="center"|12
|-
|Josef Meixner
|Trap
|align="center"|178
|align="center"|16
|-
|Gerhard Petritsch
|25 m rapid fire pistol
|align="center"|594
|align="center"|7
|-
|Nikolaus Reinprecht
|Trap
|align="center"|173
|align="center"|25
|-
|Franz Schitzhofer
|Skeet
|align="center"|195
|align="center"|5
|-
|rowspan=2|Wolfram Waibel, Sr.
|50 m rifle three positions
|align="center"|1123
|align="center"|40
|-
|50 m rifle prone
|align="center"|590
|align="center"|20
|}