Augustów is a town in north-eastern Poland. It lies on the Netta River and the Augustów Canal. It is the seat of Augustów County and of Gmina Augustów in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Augustów has an area of , after whom it was also named. It was laid out in a very regular manner, with a spacious market-place.

In 1795 Prussia annexed Augustów in the Third Partition of Poland. In 1807, it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, followed by incorporation into the Russian-controlled Kingdom of Poland in 1815. It was made a county seat in 1842. The local populace took part in the large Polish January Uprising of 1863–1864 against Russia. Following Russia's full annexation of the Polish kingdom in the 1860s, it was administered from Suwałki. The Nazi German forces occupied Augustów until 1944, and operated a forced labour camp in the town. World War II brought the destruction of about 70% of the town and death or departure of most of its residents, amongst them a community of several thousand Jews who were imprisoned in the ghetto situated between the canal and the river. The Germans executed practically all of them before they left. In 1945 the Soviets conducted the nearby Augustów roundup – a special operation against former Armia Krajowa anticommunist fighters. Polish Institute of National Remembrance has declared the 1945 Augustów roundup "the largest crime committed by the Soviets on Polish lands after World War II".

After the war, the recreational base of the city was further expanded. In 1946, the city had 7.2 thousand inhabitants. In 1954, several rural settlements were excluded from the city area, but in 1973, the city expanded to include several villages, forests and six lakes. In the years 1975–1998, the city was located in the Suwałki Voivodeship. In 1999, the city became part of newly created Podlaskie Voivodeship, and the seat of the Augustów district and the Augustów urban gmina.

Demographics

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2002 – 29,705 inhabitants, by nationality:

  • Poles – 96.5% (28,668);
  • Russians – 0.2% (64);
  • Roma people – 0.1% (41);
  • Other – 3.1% (932).

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1921 – 8,762 inhabitants, by nationality:

  • Poles – 76.6% (6,715);
  • Jews – 22.4% (1,962);
  • Russians – 0.6% (51);
  • Belarusians – 0.1% (8);
  • Germans – 0.1% (6);
  • Other – 0.2% (20).

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1897 – 12,743 inhabitants, by language:

  • Polish – 46.2% (5,882);
  • Jewish – 28.5% (3,630);
  • Russian – 18.7% (2,381);
  • Belarusian – 2.8% (357);
  • Mari – 1.2% (156);
  • German – 1.0% (131);
  • Tatar – 0.9% (117);
  • Lithuanian – 0.2% (20);
  • Other – 0.5% (69).

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Transport

Road transport

National roads 8 (Kudowa-Zdrój–Budzisko), 16 (Dolna Grupa–Ogrodniki and 61 (Warsaw–Augustów), as well as voivodeship roads 664 (Augustów–Lipszczany) and 672 (Augustów–Suwałki) pass through the town.

;Augustów ring road controversy

The construction of the Augustów bypass called Via Baltica, through the wetlands of the Rospuda Valley, attracted great controversy in 2007. The work was halted after the European Commission applied for an immediate injunction.

Rail transport

Railway line 40 (Sokółka–Suwałki) passes through the town. Augustów has a railway station.

Tourism

thumb|Boulevard in Augustów on the [[Augustów Canal]]

thumb|Studzieniczne Lake

thumb|upright|Monument of King [[Sigismund II Augustus in central Augustów]]

The town, although small, has many attractions for the visitors. Oficerski Yacht Club Hotel, built in the 1930s, is an army yacht club that has been restored and converted into a resort. It is located on the edge of one of many lakes in the region. Pope John Paul II has a memorial chair from the first and last time he visited the town right outside the club. Boat tours are also popular and the old town square still has its original cobblestone streets.

Every year hundreds of bikers come to Augustowskie Motonoce bikers festival. Bands that over years participated in celebration include , AGE, ZZ Top Czech Revival Band, AC/DC Show Ukraina, Kraków Street Band, etc.

Cuisine

Among the popular traditional dishes of north-eastern Poland, including Augustów, are kartacze and potato babka. Popular regional cakes are sękacz and mrowisko (lit. transl. "anthill"). Officially protected traditional foods from Augustów and its surroundings include the Augustów honey (miód augustowski) which comes in several variants, and augustowska jagodzianka, a local yeast roll stuffed with blueberries and topped with streusel, a popular dessert.

Sports

The main sports club of the town is with football and canoeing sections.

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Augustów is twinned with:

<!--Dębica, Szklarska Poręba – not twinning-->

  • Druskininkai, Lithuania (2007)
  • Porto Ceresio, Italy (2003)
  • Rudky, Ukraine (2011)
  • Supraśl, Poland (2012)
  • Tuusula, Finland (1996)

;Former twin towns:

  • Grodno, Belarus (2008–2022)
  • Slonim, Belarus (2013–2022)

On 7 March 2022, partnership with Belarusian cities was terminated due to Belarus's involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Notable residents

  • Edyta Dzieniszewska (born 1986), sprint canoer
  • Joanna Fiodorow (born 1989), hammer thrower
  • Jan Jaworowski (1923–2013), mathematician
  • Zbigniew Kundzewicz (born 1950), hydrologist and climatologist
  • Emil Leon Post (1897–1954), mathematician and logician
  • Andrzej Sobolewski (born 1951), physicist
  • Rose Pastor Stokes (1879–1933) American socialist activist, writer, birth control advocate, and feminist.
  • Adam Wysocki (born 1974), sprint canoer
  • Marek Zalewski (born 1963), archbishop

See also

  • Augustów Canal
  • 1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

  • Jewish community of Augustów on Virtual Shtetl