Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southern Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,010,073.

Geography

Astrakhan's southern border is the Caspian Sea, eastern is Kazakhstan (Atyrau Region and West Kazakhstan Region), northern is Volgograd Oblast, and western is Kalmykia.

It is within the Russian Southern Federal District.

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File:Narimanovsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia - panoramio (3).jpg|Semi-desert in Narimanovsky District

File:Богдо4.jpg|Bogdo-Baskunchak Nature Reserve

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History

thumb|left|17th-century view of [[Astrakhan]]

Since the Middle Ages, the territory has been ruled by Khazars, Cumania, the Mongol-Tatar Golden Horde, the Tatar Astrakhan Khanate, and Russia.

The Astrakhan region is the homeland of the Buzhans, one of several Slavic tribes from which modern Russians evolved; they lived in Southern Russia and inhabited the area around the Buzan river.

In the 16th century, Indians began moving to the region, bringing Indian influence.

From August - December 1942, the German invaders reached the border of Astrakhansky Oblast, crossing into the region: the Abwehr from 1942 to 1943, Nazi Army stragglers 1941–44. The Buzan oblast was created on 27 December 1943, on parts of the territories of the abolished Kalmyk ASSR and Astrakhan Okrug of Stalingrad Oblast. Because of the detonation depth (975 to 1,100 meters) and relatively low yield (3.2 to 13.5 kilotons), no radiation was released to the environment. At that time, the natural gas fields near Astrakhan, which are at a depth of 3900 to 4,100 meters, could contain as much as 6 trillion cubic meters, which is an amount similar to Urengoy. In 2017, the Astrakhanskoye field, which is an area of 100&nbsp;km by 40&nbsp;km in the middle of the Astrakhan arch and is 60&nbsp;km northeast of Astrakhan, is the ninth largest in Russia and the largest in European Russia with an estimated gas in place of . The deposit is operated by Gazprom Dobycha Astrakhan which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Gazprom. The field produces large amounts of sulfur, too.

Modern history

On 30 October 1997, Astrakhan, alongside Kirov, Murmansk, Ulyanovsk, and Yaroslavl signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy. The agreement would be abolished on 21 December 2001.

Politics

290px|thumb|Governor and Government of Astrakhan Oblast Administration Building on [[Sovetskaya Street]]

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Astrakhan CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Astrakhan Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Astrakhan Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Administration, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Legislature

The representative authority of the Astrakhan Oblast is the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast. Between 1994 and 2001, it was called the Astrakhan Regional Representative Assembly.

The Duma of Astrakhan Oblast has the following structure:

  • Chairman of the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast;
  • First Deputy Chairman of the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast;
  • Deputy Chairman of the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast;
  • Office of the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast;
  • Committees and political factions.

Since 2006, the chairman of the regional legislative body has been the head of the regional branch of the United Russia party, Alexander Klykanov, whose candidacy was considered in 2009 for the post of governor of the Oblast. In 2016, Igor Martynov was elected Chairman of the Duma of Astrakhan Oblast of the sixth convocation.

Executive

The governor is the highest official of the Astrakhan Oblast and heads the executive branch.

Governors of Astrakhan Oblast:

  • Anatoly Guzhvin — 1991–2004;
  • Alexander Zhilkin — 2004–2018;
  • Sergey Morozov — acting, 26 September 2018 — 5 June 2019;
  • Igor Babushkin — 5 June 2019 — present.

From 1991 to 2004, Anatoly Guzhvin, who won elections in 1996 and 2000, was the governor of the Oblast. After Guzhvin's death in August 2004, the early elections of the head of the Astrakhan Oblast on 5 December 2004 was won by the acting head of the region Alexander Zhilkin, enjoying the support of United Russia. The Governor supervises the work of the executive authorities of the region and the Government of the Astrakhan Oblast. From 2004 to 2017, Konstantin Markelov was the Chairman of the Government of the Astrakhan Oblast. Since 2017, Rasul Sultanov has been the Chairman of the Government of the Astrakhan Oblast.

Administrative divisions

Demographics

thumb|300px|Life expectancy at birth in Astrakhan Oblast

Vital statistics for 2024:

  • Births: 9,199 (9.7 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 11,485 (12.1 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2024): <br />

1.62 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021): <br />

Total — 69.90 years (male&nbsp;— 65.86, female&nbsp;— 73.87)

Settlements

Ethnic groups

According to the 2021 Census, the ethnic composition was:

<small>(shown are the ethnic groups with a population of more than 5,000 people)</small>

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Ethnicity

!Population !! Percentage

|-

| Russian

|547,320 || 57%

|-

| Kazakh

|143,717 || 14.7%

|-

| Tatar

|48,313 || 5%

|-

| Dagestani

|13,989 || 1.46%

|-

| Nogai

|9,320 || 0.97%

|-

| Chechen

|6,873 || 0.72%

|-

| Azerbaijani

|6,187 || 0.64%

|-

| Kalmyk

|5,320 || 0.55%

|-

| Other

| 34,644 || 3.61%

|-

|Ethnicity not stated

|144,459 || 15%

|}

  • 144,459 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.

Languages

The local group of Russian varieties is known as Astrakhan Russian and refers to several dialects spoken in and around the Astrakhan Oblast.

Religion

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people