The ashy-crowned sparrow-lark (Eremopterix griseus) is a small sparrow-sized member of the lark family. It is found in the plains in open land with bare ground, grass and scrub across South Asia. The males are well marked with a contrasting black-and-white face pattern, while females are sandy brown, looking similar to a female sparrow. Males are easily detected during the breeding season by the long descending whistle that accompanies their undulating and dive-bombing flight displays.

Taxonomy and systematics

The ashy-crowned sparrow-lark was originally placed in the genus Alauda. This species is also known by the following alternate names: ash-crowned sparrow-lark, ashy-crowned finch-lark, black-bellied finch-lark, and black-bellied sparrow-lark.

Although some subspecies ceylonensis (from Sri Lanka) and siccata (from Gujarat) have been named, variations are considered to be clinal and they are treated as a monotypic species.

Description

Sparrow sized with a finch-like bill and short legs, these birds are usually seen sitting on the ground, and although they will sometimes perch on wires they do not perch in trees or bushes. The male is sandy brown overall with a black belly, chin, lower lores and eye stripe. The top of the head is ashy (although the base of these crown feathers are dark) unlike the dark brown to black in the black-crowned sparrow-lark which partly overlaps with the range of this species in the arid zone of India and Pakistan. The female is pale brown and very similar to a female house sparrow, although the legs are much shorter and appearing stockier and shorter-necked.

Habitat and distribution

This species is restricted to below elevation and is found from south of the Himalayas to Sri Lanka extending to the Indus River system in the west and to Assam in the east. It is found in stubble, scrub, waste land, riverside sand and tidal flats on the coast. They avoid the interior of the desert zone, a habitat that is more likely to be used by the black-crowned sparrow-lark. The two species overlap partly in range, although they are rarely seen together in the same locations. During the monsoon season, they withdraw from heavy rainfall regions. They roost at night on the ground, making small depressions in the soil. The nest is a compact depression under a tuft of grass in the ground lined with grass and hair with some pebbles arranged on the edge. The usual clutch is two or three eggs and both males and female incubate the eggs. The eggs hatch after about 13 or 14 days and both parents take turns to feed the young although the female is more active.

In most birds, the right ovary is not fully developed; however, a study found 6 out of 150 specimens had traces of a right ovary although the oviduct was absent.

In culture

The name in some Hindi dialects for the bird is , which means 'crouching sparrow'. In British India, it was shot for the table and termed as 'ortolan'.

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File:Left - Female♀ Right - Male♂ Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark (Eremopterix griseus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|Left - Female♀ Right - Male♂

File:Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark AMSM5045 ACSL.jpg|Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark pair, Left - Female ♀, Right - Male ♂

File:Ashy crowned sparrow lark.jpg|Male

File:Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark.jpg|Female

File:Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark from Bhadravathi , Karnataka.jpg|Male from Bhadravathi, Karnataka

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Citations

Other sources

  • Shivanarayan, N (1978). "Damage to Sorghum by Ashycrowned Finch-Lark". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 18(3):10.
  • Shukla, RN; Shrivastava, M (1985): "Some observations on nests and nesting behavior of three birds". Comparative Physiol. Ecol. 10(2):77–78.
  • Internet Bird Collection