thumbnail|280px|right|A prototype of one of Damm's machines.

Arvid Gerhard Damm (7 August 1869 – 7 November 1928) was a Swedish engineer and inventor. He designed a number of cipher machines, and was one of the early inventors of the wired rotor principle for machine encipherment. The company, AB Cryptograph, was an early predecessor of Crypto AG.

Biography

Originally a textile engineer, he was headmaster of a weaving school in Borås, Sweden, before moving to Finland to work as a manager of a textile factory. Although already married with a son, he fell in love with a circus performer from Hungary whose opposition to a relationship he overcame by arranging a sham civil wedding ceremony in 1900 with an officiant and two witnesses. His new “wife”, with whom he then lived for 19 years, only became aware of the situation when Damm found a new romantic interest and wanted a divorce. After a long and acrimonious legal battle, in which he denied ever being married to her and accused her of being a spy, he was ordered to pay alimony but refused and fled to France.

Damm designed a number of crypto machines, based on patents filed in Sweden, the US and many other countries. His most notable invention is that of the rotor principle, laid down in a patent application filed in Sweden on 10 October 1919, three days after Hugo Koch applied for a similar invention in the Netherlands.

To exploit his ideas, a company named AB Cryptograph was founded. Originally founded as a patent consortium, Cryptograph was established on 15 June 1915. The company itself began a year later. Cryptograph never became economically viable despite capital infusions by Emanuel Nobel, brother of Alfred Nobel. When Damm’s legal shenanigans in connection with his faked marriage became too much of an embarrassment, he was forced to give up his position in the company and moved to France where he died in 1928. In 1925, Boris Hagelin was placed in charge of the management of the company and the development of its products, having joined AB Cryptograph in 1922.

Inventions, production and sales

The following cryptomachines were designed and built, based on Damm´s inventions.

</references>

Sources

  1. Beckman, Bengt. Codebreakers: Arne Beurling and the Swedish crypto program during World War II, p.&nbsp;17-19.
  2. Kahn, David. The Codebreakers, 1967, 2nd edition 1996, Chapter 13.
  3. McKay, C.G. and Beckman, Bengt. Swedish signal intelligence 1900-1945. Frank Cass, London 2003. p 25-28.

Further reading

Original documents can be found at two main sources:

  1. ”Svartlösa och Öknebo häradsrätt” 1921-22. Stadsarkivet, Stockholm. Court protocols containing information about Damm´s private life (in Swedish).
  2. Boris Hagelin´s archive. Krigsarkivet, Stockholm. 55 volumes of which 15 contain documentation about Damm and the Cryptograph company from the years 1916-1930.

Boris Hagelin´s memoirs exists in three versions. Comparison with original documents from Cryptograph shows many errors. The “Hauszeitung” from 1992 is the best. The English “The story of the Hagelin cryptos” has more errors than the German “Die Geschichte der Hagelin Cryptos”.

See also

  • Edward Hebern
  • Arthur Scherbius