Arthur Friedenreich (18 July 1892 – 6 September 1969) was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He was nicknamed The Tiger or Golden Foot. He played for the Brazil national team and was a record nine times top scorer of the state championship of São Paulo. He is occasionally cited as one of the all-time top scorers in football history, although this is highly disputed. At some point, Friedenreich married his wife, Jonas, and they had a son named Oscar, after Friedenreich’s father. Both outlived him, being left in financial hardship. Notably, on 16 September 1928, he scored a 7-goal haul in a 9–0 trashing of União Lapa, breaking the record for the most goals in a single Campeonato Paulista match at the time. On 27 December 1931, he scored a four-goal haul to help São Paulo to a 4–2 win over São Bento in the 1931 Campeonato Paulista, becoming, at the age of 39 years and 162 days, the oldest player ever to score a poker-trick, a record that has since been broken by Josef Bican in 1955, aged 41. Like so many other natives of São Paulo, he enlisted in the São Paulo Army to fight in the Paulista War in 1932, where he rose from sergeant to lieutenant, commanding a division with several athletes.
Later career
On 12 March 1933, the 40-year-old Friedenreich started for SPF in the first professional football match in São Paulo, where Friedenreich scored the opening goal in a 4–1 win over his former club Santos. As he grew older, he began to play less and less, only when São Paulo required his assistance, so he began refereeing matches, doing so with a shirt that the Paulista club had offered him, which was a white uniform with a "P" embroidered on the chest, right above the years "1918-1928", a reference to the time he spent at the club. Likewise, on 5 November 1933, he visited Belo Horizonte to referee a friendly match between Atlético Mineiro and Retiro-MG (Nova Lima); his performance was praised by the local press, with the Estado de Minas stating that "Fried stopped calling penalties", while the Correio Mineiro described him as a "correct referee characterized by the strictest discipline".
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On 5 July 1934, the Brazilian Football Federation (CBF) helped sponsor and organize the commemorative program of Friedenreich's sporting jubilee (25-year career) in Brasília, which consisted, among other things, of two matches between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In that same year, he returned to Flamengo, for whom he had already played in 1917, and where he retired after refusing a contract renewal. All of those 357 goals were scored at Campeonato Paulista, where he still is the second-highest goalscorer, only behind Pelé, who surpassed by more over a century of goals (466).
International career
Brazil
Friedenreich made his debut for the Brazilian national team in their first-ever official match in 1914, beating Exeter City 2–0. In the opening match of the former tournament, he netted a hat-trick to help his side to a 6–0 win over Chile, becoming the first-ever footballer to score a hat-trick in a major international tournament. A few days later, on 29 May, he started in the decisive match of the tournament against Uruguay, scoring the match-winning goal that allowed Brazil to win its first international title in the 122nd minute, the latest goal in Copa América history, a record that will likely stand forever due to the current rules.
Friedenreich was a member of the Brazil team that competed in the 1925 South American Championship, scoring once against in a 5–2 win over Paraguay on 6 December, and another one in a 2–2 draw against the eventual champions Argentina on Christmas Day. In doing so at the age of 33 years and 160 days, he became the oldest-ever goalscorer in the then short history of Copa America. Friedenreich was not picked by Brazil for the 1930 FIFA World Cup because of a clash between the Rio and São Paulo state football federations that saw only players from Rio travelling to the competition. The following year, in August 1914, Friedenreich started for both a Ypiranga/AA São Bento XI and a APEA League XI in two matches against Italian club Pro Vercelli, scoring in both. During a Paulistano tour of Europe in 1925, Friedenreich scored 12 goals to help his side win 9 out of 10 matches, notably scoring a hat-trick in a 7–2 trashing of France on 15 March, after which he began being called Le roi du football ("The King of Football"). He is widely regarded as the greatest Brazilian football player of the amateur era, as well as the biggest name in Brazilian football until the emergence of Leônidas da Silva.
After football
Despite his status as one of Brazil’s most renowned early footballers, Friedenreich did not transition into coaching or other roles within the football world after retiring. In 1999, IFFHS named him the fifth greatest Brazilian Player of the 20th Century, only behind Zizinho, Zico, Garrincha, and Pelé.
Discrimination and race in Brazilian football
Friedenreich was subject to the racial prejudices of his era. however, Andrade kept the papers for one last revision, so when he died a few days later, De Vaney attempted to recover them, but the papers were never found again because Andrade's family, uninterested in football, thought they were useless and threw them in the trash. This tally is 48 goals higher than Pelé's Guinness World Record of 1,281 goals, which caused him to be occasionally cited as one of the all-time top scorers in football history. The media also said for years that he had never missed a single penalty in over 500 attempts, which is certain to be untrue, given that some records indicate that he wasted at least 12 penalties.
- 1,239 goals in 1,329 matches – according to research by his former teammate Mario de Andrade and journalist
- 557 goals in 562 matches – according to RSSSF
- 554 goals in 561 matches – according to journalist Alexandre da Costa in the book O Tigre do futebol: uma viagem nos tempos de Artur Friedenreich
- 357 goals in 323 matches – according to IFFHS
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| style="text-align:center"|2
| rowspan="3"|11 May 1919 || rowspan="3"|Estádio de Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || rowspan="3"| || style="text-align:center"|1–0 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|6–0 || rowspan="3"|1919 South American Championship || rowspan="3"|
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|}
Goals for São Paulo state team
:Scores and results list São Paulo's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Friedenreich goal.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of international goals scored by Arthur Friedenreich
|-
!scope="col"|No.
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Venue
!scope="col"|Opponent
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Result
!scope="col"|Competition
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|1
| 8 September 1912 || Velódromo Paulistano, São Paulo, Brazil || || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || align=center| 3–6 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|4
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|5
| rowspan="3"|13 August 1916 || rowspan="3"|Velódromo Paulistano, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="3"| Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|5–0 || rowspan="3"|Taça Rio-São Paulo de Seleções || rowspan="3"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|6
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|7
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|8
| 14 January 1917 || Velódromo Paulistano, São Paulo, Brazil || Dublin || style="text-align:center"|1–4 || align=center| 1–5 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|9
| rowspan="2"|15 November 1917 || rowspan="2"|Parque Antártica, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="2"| Palestra Itália-SP || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|7–0 || rowspan="2"|Friendly || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|10
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|11
| rowspan="5"|25 December 1917 || rowspan="5"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="5"| Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="5" style="text-align:center"|9–1 || rowspan="5"|Friendly || rowspan="5"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|23
| rowspan="2"|15 June 1919 || rowspan="2"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="2"| Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–1 || rowspan="2"|Taça Füchs || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|26
| rowspan="3"|6 June 1920 || rowspan="3"|Estádio de Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || rowspan="3"| Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|7–1 || rowspan="3"|Taça Rodrigues Alves || rowspan="3"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|27
| style="text-align:center"|3–1
|-
| style="text-align:center"|28
| style="text-align:center"|5–1
|-
| style="text-align:center"|29
| rowspan="4"|13 June 1920 || rowspan="4"|Arena da Baixada, Curitiba, Brazil
| rowspan="4"| Paraná|| style="text-align:center"|2–0 || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center"|8–1 || rowspan="4"|Taça Afonso Camargo || rowspan="4"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|30
| style="text-align:center"|3–0
|-
| style="text-align:center"|31
| style="text-align:center"|4–0
|-
| style="text-align:center"|32
| style="text-align:center"|6–1
|-
| style="text-align:center"|33
| rowspan="4"|14 June 1920
| rowspan="4"|Arena da Baixada, Curitiba, Brazil
| rowspan="4"| Britânia || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center"|10–0 || rowspan="4"|Friendly || rowspan="4"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|34
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|35
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|36
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|37
| rowspan="2"|7 September 1920 || rowspan="2"|Parque Antártica, São Paulo, Brazil
| rowspan="2"| Paraná || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|6–1 || rowspan="2"|Taça Afonso Camargo || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|38
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|39
| 14 August 1921
|Parque da Graciosa, Curitiba, Brazil || Paraná || style="text-align:center"|2–0 || style="text-align:center"|2–1 || Taça Afonso Camargo ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|40 || 14 July 1922 || Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || Paraná || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|8–3 || Taça Afonso Camargo ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|41
| rowspan="3"|23 July 1922 || rowspan="3"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil
| rowspan="3"| Minas Gerais || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|13–0 || rowspan="3"|Brasileiro de Seleções || rowspan="3"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|42
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|43
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|44
| rowspan="2"|2 August 1922 || rowspan="2"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="2"| Rio Grande do Sul|| style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–2 || rowspan="2"|Brasileiro de Seleções || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|45
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|46
| 6 August 1922 || Parque Antártica, São Paulo, Brazil || Bahia || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|3–0 || Brasileiro de Seleções ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|47
| rowspan="2"|13 August 1922 || rowspan="2"|Estádio General Severiano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || rowspan="2"| Bahia || style="text-align:center"|2–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1 || rowspan="2"|Brasileiro de Seleções || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|48
| style="text-align:center"|4–1
|-
| style="text-align:center"|49
| 27 August 1922 || Estádio General Severiano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"|2–1 || style="text-align:center"|2–1 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|50
| rowspan="4"|4 October 1923 || rowspan="4"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="4"| Guarani || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center"|5–2 || rowspan="4"|Friendly || rowspan="4"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|51
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|52
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|53
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|54
| rowspan="2"|7 October 1923
| rowspan="2"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil
| rowspan="2"| Paraná|| style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|5–1 || rowspan="2"|Brasileiro de Seleções || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|55
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|56
| 2 August 1925 || Parque Antártica, São Paulo, Brazil || Rio Grande do Sul || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|4–0 || Brasileiro de Seleções ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|57
| rowspan="2"|6 September 1925 || rowspan="2"|Estádio de Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || rowspan="2"| Pará || style="text-align:center"|2–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–0 || rowspan="2"|Brasileiro de Seleções || rowspan="2"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|58
| style="text-align:center"|3–0
|-
| style="text-align:center"|59
| 31 October 1926 || Vila Belmiro Stadium, Santos, Brazil|| Santos || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|7–1 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|60
| 14 November 1926 || Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || Asociación Amateurs de Football || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|1–2 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|61
| rowspan="3"|25 March 1928 || rowspan="3"|Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="3"| Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"| || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|9–1 || rowspan="3"|Taça Castelões || rowspan="3"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|62
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|63
| style="text-align:center"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|64
| 20 January 1929
|Campo do Independência, São Paulo, Brazil || Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|6–2 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|65
| rowspan="3"|3 May 1929
| rowspan="3"|Estádio da Ponte Grande, São Paulo, Brazil || rowspan="3"| Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|4–1 || rowspan="3"|Friendly || rowspan="3"|
|-
| style="text-align:center"|66
| style="text-align:center"|2–1
|-
| style="text-align:center"|67
| style="text-align:center"|4–1
|-
| style="text-align:center"|68
| 23 June 1929 || Rua José do Patrocínio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil || Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|3–4 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|69
| 13 October 1929 || Estádio da Ponte Grande, São Paulo, Brazil || Rio de Janeiro || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|5–3 || Taça Júlio Prestes ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|70
| 26 March 1930 || Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || Internacional-SP || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|4–2 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|71
| 28 March 1930 || Chácara da Floresta, São Paulo, Brazil || Sportivo Buenos Aires || style="text-align:center"|7–0 || style="text-align:center"|8–1 || Friendly ||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|72
| 19 June 1930 || Parque Antártica, São Paulo, Brazil|| New York Hakoah || style="text-align:center"|1–0 || style="text-align:center"|3–1 || Friendly||
|-
| style="text-align:center"|73
| 16 July 1931 || Estádio da Ponte Grande, São Paulo, Brazil || Internacional-SP || style="text-align:center"| || style="text-align:center"|3–2 || Friendly ||