Arnold Sheldon Denker (February 21, 1914 – January 2, 2005) was an American chess player and author. He was U.S. champion in 1944 and 1946. In later years he served in various chess organizations, receiving recognition from the United States Chess Federation, including in 2004 the highest honor, "Dean of American Chess".
Early life and education
Denker was born on February 21, 1914, in the Bronx, New York City, in an Orthodox Jewish family. According to Denker himself, he learned chess in 1923 watching his elder brothers play, but took up the game seriously only in his freshman year in Theodore Roosevelt High School, where his schoolmates played for a nickel a game in the cafeteria; after regularly losing his milk money, Denker discovered Emanuel Lasker's Common Sense in Chess in the school library, studied it, and soon "the nickels came pouring back with interest".
Denker was a promising boxer in his early years. He first gained attention in chess by winning the New York City individual interscholastic championship in 1929 at age 15.
Career
Pre-war and World War II years
thumb|thumbtime=0:57|Denker (1946)
In the next decade, he established himself as a leading rival to Samuel Reshevsky, Reuben Fine, and Isaac Kashdan as the strongest U.S. chess player. His first really strong international event was Syracuse, New York 1934, where Reshevsky won convincingly, with Denker placing just behind him.
In 1940, Denker won the first of his six Manhattan Chess Club championships. He became U.S. Champion in 1944,
In addition, during World War II Denker played exhibitions at army bases and aboard aircraft carriers.
Denker was never a full-time professional player, as such is now understood. His peak results were scored from 1940 to 1947, in U.S. Championships and on his trips to Europe for tournaments at London, Hastings and Groningen. In 1947 Denker produced an autobiographical game collection in his book: If You Must Play Chess.
International ratings were introduced by FIDE only in 1970, more than a generation after Denker's best years. The website chessmetrics.com retrospectively places Denker as high as 27th in the world in the mid 1940s, but this site is missing several of Denker's most important results.
Denker became an International Master in 1950,
Later life
In 1981 FIDE made Denker an honorary Grandmaster.