The Armed Forces of Senegal () consists of about 17,000 personnel in the army, air force, navy, and gendarmerie. The Senegal military force receives most of its training, equipment, and support from France and the United States. Germany also provides support but on a smaller scale.

Military noninterference in political affairs has contributed to Senegal's stability since independence. Senegal has participated in many international and regional peacekeeping missions. Most recently, in 2000, Senegal sent a battalion to the Democratic Republic of Congo to participate in MONUC, the United Nations peacekeeping mission.

Senegal also agreed to deploy a United States-trained battalion to Sierra Leone to participate in UNAMSIL, another UN peacekeeping mission. The training operation was designated Operation Focus Relief and involved U.S. Army Special Forces from 3rd Special Forces Group training a number of West African battalions, including Nigerian ones.

As one of the largest troop contributors in Africa (per capita) to African Union missions, United Nations missions, and other regional security organizations, the Senegalese military has proven itself to be one of the most effective and reliable militaries on the African continent. This is remarkable given that Senegal is poorer than the average Sub-Saharan African country. Most importantly, the army of Senegal is multi-ethnic, not coup-proofed, and has never attempted a coup d'état, which is a rarity in Africa. Harmonious Senegalese civil-military relations since independence have permitted the creation of an effective 'military enclave' that is a capable institution not a threat to the political leadership in Dakar.

Summary of past military actions

thumb|left|Commando battalion of [[Thiès.]]

  • In October 1980 and August 1981, the Senegalese military was invited into the Gambia by President Dawda Kairaba Jawara to put down a coup attempt.
  • In August 1989, Senegalese-Gambian military cooperation ceased with the dissolution of the Senegambian Confederation.
  • In 1990, 500 Senegalese troops were deployed to Saudi Arabia to take part in the Gulf War. 92 of them were killed after the end of the conflict in a plane crash on 21 March 1991.
  • In 1992 1,500 men were sent to the ECOMOG peacekeeping group in Liberia.
  • In 1994, a battalion-sized force was sent to Rwanda to participate in the UN peacekeeping mission there.
  • Senegal intervened in the Guinea-Bissau civil war in 1998 at the request of former President Vieira.
  • A Senegalese contingent deployed on a peacekeeping mission to the Central African Republic in 1997.
  • In 2017, Senegal deployed troops into the Gambia to support newly elected President Adama Barrow, an action legally justified by UN resolution 2337.

The Army () is the leading force within the Senegalese armed forces and provides the chief of staff and the .

Organization

Military Areas

thumb|Senegal's Military zones.|290x290px

At the present time, there are seven military zones:

  • Zone n°1 - Dakar
  • Zone n°2 - Saint-Louis
  • Zone n°3 - Kaolack
  • Zone n°4 - Tambacounda
  • Zone n°5 - Ziguinchor
  • Zone n°6 - Kolda
  • Zone n°7 - Thiès

Each zone comprises a garrison office that caters to military issues and a social service office.

The IISS Military Balance listed four zones in 2007.

Branches

Army

thumb|Senegalese soldiers during a training exercise.|280px

Since independence from France in 1960, the army has gone through a large number of reorganisations. The army's heritage includes the Tirailleurs sénégalais. In 1978, Senegal dispatched a battalion to the Inter-African Force in Zaire, in the aftermath of the Shaba II fighting. The Senegalese contingent was under the command of Colonel Osmane Ndoye. The Senegalese force comprised a parachute battalion from Thiaroye.

The Army currently consists of two divisions, the Operations Division and the Logistic Division. The IISS estimated in 2012 that the Army had a strength of 11,900 soldiers, three armoured battalions the 22nd, 24th, and 25th (at Bignona) and the 26th at Kolda; there are six infantry battalions numbered 1st to 6th. 3rd Battalion may have been at Kaolack with 4th at Tambacounda at one point.

Also reported is the 12th Battalion of the 2nd Military Zone at Saint Louis (Dakhar Bango), along with the Prytanée militaire de Saint-Louis, a military secondary school.

Although the Senegalese Air Force is geared towards supporting it, the army may have previously maintained its own very small aviation branch, called the "" (like the French army's equivalent), which may have counted up to five light helicopters and two SA330 Puma transport helicopters. The IISS Military Balance 2012 does not list any helicopters in army service.

National Gendarmerie

thumb|[[Red Guard of Senegal.|180x180px|left]]

The Gendarmerie is a military force which provides policing and security. It includes a Territorial Gendarmerie with general policing duties, and a Mobile Gendarmerie for special tasks and serious public disorder.

The Senegalese gendarmerie evolved out of a French colonial Spahi detachment sent to Senegal in 1845. This detachment (which became today's Red Guard of Senegal) was the cadre around which the "Colonial Gendarmerie" was formed. On independence this became the National Gendarmerie.

The commander is General Abdoulaye Fall (a different person from the current Armed Forces Chief of Staff of the same name), whose rank is divisional general, and whose full job title is "High Commander of the Gendarmerie and Director of Military Justice".

thumb|The Senegalese [[patrol boat Fouladou]]

thumb| training with a [[United States Coast Guard vessel off the coast of Senegal]]

The navy (), also known as the , is of small size and is commanded by a ship-of-the-line captain. It is responsible for securing Senegal's Atlantic coastline which is strategically located on the extreme west of the African continent. The coastline is divided in two by The Gambia. The navy was created in 1975. The Navy operates two bases, one at Dakar and the other at Elinkine. The navy also patrols the territorial waters as well as a declared exclusive economic zone.

The Navy is divided into three branches known as "groupings":

  • The Operational Naval Grouping (), which is divided into three flotillas and one group:
  • The High Seas Patrol Boats (),
  • The Coastal Surveillance Vessels (),
  • The Fast Coastal Boats () and
  • The Transport Group ().
  • The Naval Support Grouping () responsible for ports, repairs, training, and logistics.
  • The Fluvial-Maritime Surveillance Grouping.

Air Force

thumb|Air Force [[Roundel.|180x180px]]

The air force () is orientated towards providing support for ground forces and resembles an army aviation corps. It possesses Mil Mi-24 gunship helicopters, as well as transport and reconnaissance aircraft.

Equipment

Small arms

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=16%| Name

! width=10%| Image

! width=15%| Caliber

! width=12%| Type

! width=10%| Origin

! width=28%| Notes

|-

! colspan="6"| Pistols

|-

| Walther PP

| 150px

| .25 ACP

| Semi-automatic pistol

|

|

|-

| PAMAS G1

| 150px

| 7.65×20mm

| Submachine gun

|

|

|-

| MAT-49

|

|

| Submachine gun

|

|

|-

! colspan="6"| Rifles

|-

| FAMAS

| 150px

| 5.56×45mm

| Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| M4

| 150px

| 5.56×45mm

| Carbine<hr>Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| CAR-15

| 150px

| 5.56×45mm

| Carbine<hr>Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| Norinco CQ

| 150px

| 5.56×45mm

| Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| Daewoo K1

| 150x150px

| .223 Remington

| Carbine<hr>Assault rifle

|

| Received 280 K1A rifles in 2003.

|-

| Daewoo K2

| frameless|151x151px

| 5.56×45mm

| Carbine<hr>Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| IWI Tavor

| 150px

| 5.56×45mm

| Bullpup<hr>Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| IWI Tavor X95

| 150px

| 5.56×45mm

| Bullpup<hr>Assault rifle

|

|

|-

| Heckler & Koch G3

| 150px

| 7.5×54mm

| Bolt-action rifle

|

|

|-

| MAS-49/56

| 150px

| 7.5×54mm

| Semi-automatic rifle

|

|

|-

|-

! colspan="6"| Sniper rifles

|-

| SVD

| 150px

| 7.62×54mmR

| Sniper rifle<hr>Designated marksman rifle

|

|

|-

| KNT-76

| 150px

| 7.62×51mm

| Designated marksman rifle

|

|

|-

| IWI Galatz

| 150px

| 7.62×51mm

| General-purpose machine gun

|

|

|-

| Browning M2

| 150px

| 89mm

| Shoulder-launched missile weapon

|

|

|}

Anti-tank weapons

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=16%| Name

! width=21%| Image

! width=15%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Caliber

! width=26%| Notes

|-

| MILAN

| 150px

| Anti-tank missile

| <hr>

|

| 496

|}

Anti-aircraft weapons

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=14%| Name

! width=20%| Image

! width=14%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Quantity

! width=06%| Status

! width=24%| Notes

|-

| Bofors L/60

| 150px

| Autocannon

|

| 12

|

|

|-

| 20 mm modèle F2 gun

| 150px

| Autocannon

|

| 21

|

| Used for air defence.

|}

Artillery

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=14%| Name

! width=20%| Image

! width=14%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Quantity

! width=06%| Status

! width=24%| Notes

|-

! colspan="7"| Rocket artillery

|-

| Bastion-01

| 150px

| Multiple rocket launcher

|

| 6

|

|

|-

! colspan="7"| Field artillery

|-

| M101

| 150px

| Howitzer

|

| 6

|

|

|-

| M-50

| 150px

| Howitzer

|

| 6

|

|

|-

| TRF1

| 150px

| Howitzer

|

| 8

|

|

|-

! colspan="7"| Mortars

|-

| MO-120-RT-61

| 150px

| Towed mortar

|

| 32

|

|

|}

Tank destroyers

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=14%| Name

! width=20%| Image

! width=14%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Quantity

! width=06%| Status

! width=24%| Notes

|-

| WMA-301

| 150px

| Tank destroyer

|

| 12

|

|

|}

Infantry fighting vehicles

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=14%| Name

! width=20%| Image

! width=14%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Quantity

! width=06%| Status

! width=24%| Notes

|-

| Ratel IFV

| 150px

| Infantry fighting vehicle

|

| 26

|

|

|}

Armored personnel carriers

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=14%| Name

! width=20%| Image

! width=14%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Quantity

! width=06%| Status

! width=24%| Notes

|-

| Panhard M3

| 150px

| Armoured personnel carrier

|

| 16

|

|

|-

| RG-31 Nyala

| 150px

| Infantry mobility vehicle

|

| Unknown

|

|

|-

| Dozor-B

| 150px

| Infantry mobility vehicle

|

| 6

|

|

|-

| RAM MK3

| 150px

| Armored Car

|

| 55

|

|

|-

|Katmerciler Hizir II

|150x150px

|MRAP

|

|N/A

|

|

|-

| PUMA M26-15

| 150px

| MRAP

|

| 30

|

|

|}

Utility vehicles

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"

|-

! width=14%| Name

! width=20%| Image

! width=14%| Type

! width=12%| Origin

! width=10%| Quantity

! width=06%| Status

! width=24%| Notes

|-

| Humvee

| 150px

| Light utility vehicle

|

| 23

|

|

|-

| M151

| 150px

| Utility vehicle

|

| Unknown

|

|

|}

Aircraft

<big>Navy</big>

  • 2 Metal Shark patrol ships
  • 3 Shaldag MK II patrol ships
  • 1 Shaldag MK V patrol ships

Citations

Part of this article is derived from the equivalent article at French Wikipedia

References

  • Website of the Armed Forces of Senegal (in french)