Archibald Geikie

Sir Archibald Geikie (28 December 1835 – 10 November 1924) was a Scottish geologist and writer.

Career

In 1855 Geikie was appointed an assistant with the British Geological Survey. Among his early publications for a popular audience was The Story of a Boulder; or, Gleanings from the Note-Book of a Geologist (1858). His ability at once attracted the notice of his chief, Sir Roderick Murchison, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship, and whose biographer he subsequently became.

Geikie completed some early geological mapping with Murchison on complicated regions of schists in the Scottish Highlands; and they jointly published a new geological map of Scotland in 1862. Geikie completed a larger map in 1892. In 1863 he published an important essay "On the Phenomena of the Glacial Drift of Scotland", in Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, in which the effects of ice action in that country were for the first time clearly and connectedly delineated. At this time the Edinburgh school of geologists, prominent among them Sir Andrew Ramsay, with his Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain were maintaining the supreme importance of denudation in the configuration of land surfaces, and particularly the erosion of valleys by the action of running water. Geikie's book, based on extensive personal knowledge of the country, was an able contribution to the doctrines of the Edinburgh school, of which he himself soon began to rank as one of the leaders.

Geological Survey

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In 1867, when a separate branch of the Geological Survey was established for Scotland, he was appointed director. On the foundation of the Murchison professorship of geology and mineralogy at the University of Edinburgh in 1871, he became the first occupant of the chair.

He was the editor of The Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland (1907, His Majesty's Stationery Office), written by B. N. Peach, John Horne, William Gunn (1837–1902), C. T. Clough, L. W. Hinxman, and J. H. H. Teall.

Honours and awards

Geikie was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1865. Geikie was Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society from 1890 to 1894, Joint Secretary from 1903 to 1908 and elected president in 1909 and awarded their Royal Medal in 1896. He was President of the Geological Society of London in 1891 and 1892, and again in 1906 and 1907. He was also President of the British Association in 1892.

He received a knighthood in 1891, the Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath in 1907 and the Order of Merit in 1914. In 1905 he received the RSGS Livingstone Medal.

Dorsa Geikie, a wrinkle ridge system on the Moon, and the mineral geikielite, a magnesium-titanium oxide, are both named after him, as is Geikie Gorge in the Napier Range in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, Mount Geikie in the Canadian Rockies, Mount Geikie in Wyoming, Geikie Peak in the Grand Canyon, and the Geikie Slide in the Atlantic Ocean northwest of Scotland.

Death

He died at his home, "Shepherd's Down" in Haslemere, Surrey and is buried there in the village churchyard.

Family

In 1871, Geikie married Alice Gabrielle Anne Marie Pignatel, daughter of Eugene Pignatel of Lyons. They had a son Roderick (killed in early life) and three daughters, Lucie, Elsie and Gabrielle.

The Sir Archibald Geikie Archive

The Geikie Archive at Haslemere Educational Museum, in Surrey, consists of letter books, artwork, field notebooks, geological specimens, letters, personal items, manuscripts and photographs. Part of the archive is displayed in its own room at the museum.

Geikie, who moved to Haslemere in 1901, was a patient of Museum founder Sir Jonathan Hutchinson. After Hutchinson's death, Geikie set up a board of trustees to run the museum, of which he became the first chairman.

Gallery

File:Geikie Powell Walcott in Harpers Ferry 1897.jpg|Charles Doolittle Walcott, John Wesley Powell, and Sir Archibald Geikie on a geological field excursion to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, May 1897, following the George Huntington Williams Memorial Lectures delivered by Sir Archibald Geikie at Johns Hopkins University

File:American Geologists WVa 1897.jpg|Group photo taken during the aforementioned geological field excursion to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, May 1897. Sir Archibald Geikie is in the top row, second from the left, wearing a light-colored jacket.

File:Geikie gravestone.jpg|Geikie's gravestone in St Bartholomew's churchyard, Haslemere, Surrey U.K. The inscription reads: "To the dear memory of Archibald Geikie OM KCB Born in Edinburgh 28 Dec 1835 Died at Haslemere 10 Nov 1924. Wisdom is a treasure that never faileth, Which they that use become the friends of God"

File:Geikie daughters.jpg|Attachment to Geikie's gravestone in memory of his daughters

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Selected bibliography

The Story of a Boulder: Or Gleanings from a Note-book of a Field Geologist (1858)
Physical Geography (1877)
Textbook of Geology – First edition (1882) – Second edition (1885) –  Third edition (1893)
Geological Sketches at Home and Abroad (1882)
An Elementary Geography of the British Isles (1888)
Memoir of Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay (1895)
The Ancient Volcanoes of Britain, 2 volumes (1897) vol. 1 vol. 2
Types of Scenery and Their Influence on Literature (1898)
The Founders of Geology – First edition (1897) – Second edition (1905)
Elementary Lessons in Physical Geography (1903)
Scottish Reminiscences (1904)
Landscape in History and Other Essays (1905)
Annals of the Royal Society Club (1917)

References

External links

Sir Archibald Geikie O.M. K.C.B.– Museum site with extensive biographical material, including pictures
by Sir Archibald Geikie
The Story of a Boulder; or, Gleanings from the notebook of a field geologist by Sir Archibald Geikie, 1858
Biographical details on the site of Haslemere Educational Museum