Andrea Mia Ghez (born June 16, 1965) is an American astrophysicist. She shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with Reinhard Genzel "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy". This object is generally recognized to be a black hole. She is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Lauren B. Leichtman & Arthur E. Levine chair in Astrophysics, at the University of California, Los Angeles. With Judith Love Cohen, she is the author of the book You Can Be a Woman Astronomer.

Early life

Ghez was born in New York City. She is the daughter of Susanne (née Gayton) and Gilbert Ghez. Her father, of Jewish heritage, was born in Rome, Italy, to a family originally from Tunisia and Frankfurt, Germany. Her mother was from an Irish Catholic family from North Attleborough, Massachusetts.

In 1969, her father completed his Ph.D. at Columbia University and accepted a position at the University of Chicago, where as the child of a faculty member Ghez was able to attend the Laboratory School. The Apollo program Moon landings inspired Ghez to aspire to be the first female astronaut, and her mother encouraged that goal by purchasing a telescope. Her most influential female role model was her high school chemistry teacher.

She began college by majoring in mathematics, then changed to physics. She received a BS in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1987. While there, she was a member of the fraternity of St. Anthony Hall. She received a PhD under the direction of Gerry Neugebauer at the California Institute of Technology in 1992.

Career

Ghez's research employs high spatial resolution imaging techniques, such as the adaptive optics system at the Keck telescopes, to study star-forming regions and the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way known as Sagittarius A*. She uses the kinematics of stars near the center of the Milky Way as a probe to investigate this region. The high resolution of the Keck telescopes gave a significant improvement over the first major study of galactic center kinematics by Reinhard Genzel's group.

In 2004, Ghez was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and in 2012, she was elected to the American Philosophical Society. In 2019, she was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS).

Ghez has appeared in many television documentaries produced by networks such as the BBC, Discovery Channel, and The History Channel. In 2006 she was in an episode of the PBS series Nova. She was identified as a Science Hero by The My Hero Project. Using Kepler's third law, Ghez's team used the orbital motion to show that the mass of Sgr A* is 4.1±0.6 million solar masses. Because the Galactic Center where Sgr A* is located, is one hundred times closer than M31 where the next nearest supermassive black hole (M31*) is, it is one of the best demonstrated cases for a supermassive black hole.

In 2020, Ghez shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Roger Penrose and Reinhard Genzel, for their discoveries relating to black holes. Ghez was the fourth woman to win the physics Nobel since its inception, being preceded by Marie Curie (1903), Maria Goeppert Mayer (1963), and Donna Strickland (2018).

  • Packard Fellowship award (1996)
  • Sloan Research Fellowship Award
  • Newton Lacy Pierce Prize in Astronomy of the American Astronomical Society (1998)
  • Sackler Prize (2004)
  • Gold Shield Faculty Prize for Academic Excellence (2004)
  • Marc Aaronson Memorial Lectureship (2007)
  • MacArthur Fellowship (2008)
  • Crafoord Prize in Astronomy (2012)
  • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2012)
  • Royal Society Bakerian Medal (2015)
  • Honorary Doctorate of Science, University of Oxford (2019)
  • Fellow of the American Physical Society (2019)
  • Nobel Prize in Physics (2020) and has two sons. Ghez is an active swimmer in the UCLA Masters Swim Club.

In 2009, she gave a TED talk on “The Hunt For a Supermassive Black Hole”.

In a lecture to students, she emphasized the importance of critical thinking.

She gave the 53rd George Gamow Memorial Lectures, "From the Possibility to the Certainty of a Supermassive Black Hole".

See also

  • List of Nobel laureates in Physics

References

  • UCLA Faculty Research Lecture: Unveiling a Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way