André Grenard Matswa (Matsoua in French; 17 January 1899 – 13 January 1942) was a Congolese anti-colonial activist of Lari descent who was born near Manzakala-Kinkala in then Middle Congo. An influential figure in Congolese politics pre-independence, he inspired a messianic cult, Matswanism or Matsouanism, which emerged in the French Equatorial African capital, Brazzaville. In 1926, Matsoua founded Amicale des Originaires de l'A.E.F., a self-improvement group, while living in Paris. He attended events sponsored by the French Communist Party and helped develop black-based trade unions. Many came to consider Matsoua as a divine prophet, sent by God to liberate the Congolese from the French.
In December 1929, he was arrested in Paris and set to be tried in Brazzaville, under the fallacious motive of swindling money of the African Indigenous people in French Congo. The money from free and voluntary contributions to the Indigenous people was also seized by the colonial administration.